Kepler supernovaGermanyastronomerKeplerIs named after.KeplerSupernovaIt is also the last supernova that can be observed with the naked eye in 400 years.Kepler supernova is about 13000 light-years away from EarthGalaxyThe representative of the recent supernova explosion in Inner Mongolia.
Kepler isDenmarkastronomerTycho Brahe He followed his teacher's footsteps and found a supernova.In October 1604, Kepler found a newIlluminant。This is also a supernova visible to the naked eye, numbered 1604.From 1604 to 1606, Kepler had been studying his supernova until it disappeared in 1606.becauseAstronomical telescopeIt was not invented until 1609, so Kepler's research mainly depended on naked eye observation.
Nova record
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Four hundred years ago, that isWestern YuanIn October 1604, the first record on earthSupernova explosionHigh energy generatedCosmic cloud。Supernovae in the early seventeenth centuryOphiuchus(Ophiucus) produces a new bright star.Many countries in the world have observation records.
《Ming History》AstrologyRecord:“（Wanli）September 32Yi ChouAt the end, there are stars like bullets. They are red and yellow. They can be seen in the southwest and disappear in October.DecemberXin You, turn out to the southeast, and still leave at the end.It will darken in February and August next yearDing MaoIt begins to die. "
astronomerKeplerAnd his colleagues use modern telescopes to explain the cause of the illusion in the sky.
Using the latest knowledge of the evolution of stars, astronomers in this century continued to explore this expanding dust cloud, and investigated Kepler'sSupernovaSupernovaremnant, SNR). In this composite photoNASAX rays recorded by the space telescope of,visible lightandinfraredAnd the Chandra X-ray telescope, Hubble and SpitzerSpace telescope。These photos of compositionsupernova remnant Provide a considerable degree of information.Kepler's supernova remnant is 13000 light-years away from us, which is the latest supernova explosion in the Milky Way.
Supernova 1604
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(No.:SN 1604, or Kepler supernova) is located atGalaxyA supernova in Ophiuchus.So far, SN 1604 is the last supernova observed in the Milky Way, only 6000 away from EarthSecond gap(about 20000 light years).At its peak, it became the brightest star in the whole dayVenusOther planets outside are bright,Apparent magnitude− 2.5.
This supernova was first discovered on October 9, 1604.[1] By October 17, German astronomersJohannes Kepler He discovered this phenomenon and wrote a book named De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii (the nova of Ophiuchus' foot) to record it thoroughly after in-depth study.
Supernova 1604 is the second time seen in contemporary timesSupernova explosion, the previous one occurred in 1572 (see the entry Tychonova for details).Since then, no supernovae have been observed in the Milky Way, but extragalactic supernovae are common, with the most notableSupernova 1987A。
The remains of supernova 1604 have become the prototype of similar objects found in the future, and today, 400 years later, they are still objects that are often studied in depth.Kepler's star map records the position of supernovae, marked by the letter "N".(The fourth row from the bottom, the fourth grid from the left, the right heel of Ophiuchus)
In 1600, Kepler went to Prague to serve asTycho Brahe Assistant to.After Tycho's death in 1601, he inherited Tycho's career. Using the observation data accumulated by Tycho for many years, he carefully analyzed and studied, and found thatElliptical orbitAnd put forward three laws of planetary motion (i.eKepler's law）, discovered by NewtonLaw of universal gravitationThe foundation has been laid.
On the basis of Tycho's work, Kepler compiled Rudolph'sCatalogue》The table lists the locations of 1005 stars.This catalog is much more accurate than other catalogs, so until the middle of the 18th century, the Rudolf Catalog was still regarded as a treasure by astronomers and navigators, and its form has remained almost unchanged today.
Kepler's main works include The Mystery of the Universe and Optics《Cosmic harmony theory》Copernicus Astronomical Outline, Comet Theory, and Strange Astronomical Phenomena in 1631, etc.Among them, in Cosmic Harmony, Kepler found the simplest world system, which can be described by only 7 ellipsesCelestial motionSystem;In Comet Theory, he pointed out that the tail of a comet always carries the sun away because the sun repels itCometary headThis is the correct prediction of the existence of radiation pressure half a century ago;In addition, Kepler also found thatAtmospheric refractionThe approximate law of.
Its light first reached the earth in October 1604, which is about 400 years ago.In the early 17th centuryOphiuchusInside,SupernovaA bright new star has been produced inside.Astronomer Kepler and his contemporaries are studying this new star. Without telescopes, their explanation is just a strange phenomenon in the sky.However, astronomers with the knowledge of star evolution in the early 21st century also continued to explore the expandingDebris cloud, but now they can useSpace orbitThrough the telescope inspectral analysisTo detect Kepler supernova remnants (SNR).Recently, Chandra in orbitX-ray telescopeFrom shooting Kepler supernova remnantsX-rayData andImage displayIt is rich inIa type supernovaThe basic elements left after the explosion indicate that the origin of the supernova is aWhite dwarf, when it accumulates too much massChandraseka limitLater, the explosion took place and the relics were formed.Kepler supernova is about 13000 light-years away from usGalaxyThe representative of the recent supernova explosion in Inner Mongolia.
Mystery of wreckage
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North Carolina State University The youngest supernova remnant image in the Milky Way has been obtained by scientists of.This image will help astronomers solve a long-standing mystery, and also have a guiding significance on how stars end up catastrophically and determine the expansion of the universe.
The object named "Kepler Supernova Debris" was formed after the explosion of a star, which made the surrounding gas reach a high temperature of several million degrees and produced a large amount of X-ray.
Astronomers have previously used radioOptical telescopeKepler remains have been studied for more than 30 years with X-ray telescopes, but its origin is still a mystery.On the one hand, there is a large amount of iron in the debris and it is not detectedneutron starThey all point to a so-called Type la supernova.On the other hand, the debris seems to be expanding into a more dense nitrogen rich material, which also indicates that the Kepler debris belongs to another type II supernova.
Research
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fromNorth Carolina State University The group of astronomers led by Professor Stephen Reynolds summarized theAerospaceBureau（NASA）Chandra X-rayObservation station(Chandra X-ray Observatory) Observation results of nearly nine days.By comparing the relative number of oxygen and iron atoms in the supernova, they concluded that Kepler debris originated from the explosion of Type la supernova.
Reynolds' team alsohigh-densityMatter gives an explanation.They believe that "Kepler" is the closest to the rare "instant" type la supernova explosion, which is often formed in theHigh qualityIt happens in stars, not billions of years.If this is the case, Kepler will deepen astronomers' understanding of all Type la supernovae and the distinctive "instant" supernova explosions.This will also improve the use of Type la stars asdark substanceCosmologyTo study the reliability of the standard, it is also to understand that stars are the source of a large amount of iron in the universeBasic conditions。
