Prague (English: Prague;CzechPraha, also known as the City of Thousands of Cities and the Capital of Literature and Art, isCzech RepublicThe capital and largest city of the republic, located in theCentral Bohemian Region 、The River VltavaWatershed.The city is located inContinental EuropeThe center of Prague, which has always played an important role in transportation and has close ties with neighboring countriesBerlinAndViennaBetween the capitals of the two German speaking countries.
Prague has an area of 496Square kilometers, with a population of 1.275 million (2022).[16]Located in the center of the European continent, it crosses the two banks of the Voltawa River.Topographic waveThe lowest point is 190 meters above sea level, and the highest point is 380 meters above sea level.The climate is typical of the central continental type.The monthly average temperature is about 19.5 ℃,Annual precipitationAbout 500 mm.
Prague is a famoustourist cityThere are numerous buildings of various historical periods and styles in the city, among whichBaroqueStyle and Gothic are more dominant.Prague architecture gives an overall impression that the top of the building is particularly rich in changes, and the color is extremely gorgeous. It is known as one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, and the first whole city in the world to be designated asWorld Cultural HeritageThe city of.[1]
Chinese name
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Foreign name
Prague(English) Praha(Jacquard)
Alias
City of Thousands、City of Literature and Art
Administrative Region Category
capital, municipality directly under the Central Government
Legend has it that Prague was founded byPrincess LibusShe and her husband, farmer Pemisore, named after Pemisore, founded the Pemisole dynasty (P ř emyslid).It is also said that the princess had many predictions in her Libusin castle in Central Bohemia, which were confirmed by archaeological discoveries before the 7th century.One predicted the glory of Prague.One day in a vision, "I saw a great city whose glory could reach the stars in the sky. I saw it in the forestThe River VltavaOn the steep cliff side, there was a man who was cutting a threshold (prah) for his house and was building a castle called Praha there.The princes and dukes bent over the threshold and bowed to the castle and the city that surrounded it.In order to get respect and get the well-known honor, the whole world should praise it ".Whether this legend is true or not, Prague was formed gradually with the core of Vy š ehrad, which was built from a commanding position on the right bank of the Voltawa River in the 9th century.Later, another castle was built on the other side of the river, namely Prague Castle.
Historical evolution
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Neolithic AgePrague is inhabited by human beings.For thousands of years, PragueThe River VltavaDuan WeinanNorthern EuropeIt is an important place on the trade route.The oldest settlements began in the second half of the ninth century.Holy Roman EmpireemperorCharles IV During this period, he established the capital in Prague.Combining the castles and palaces built by the kings of past dynasties, it was called the Prague Castle, and a new city was built to the south of the old city, once becoming one of the largest political, economic and cultural centers in Europe.In the middle of the 17th century, it was occupied by foreigners and the economy declined.
In the 18th century,Central EuropeThe situation is stable and the economy has developed again.The railway was opened in 1845, and trams appeared in the 1890s.In 1918, it becameCzechoslovakiaThe capital of the Republic.Urban functionsExpansion and rapid industrial development.In 1920, the surrounding suburbs were merged to form Greater Prague.the Second World WarDuring this period, it was occupied by Germany.On May 5, 1945, it was liberated and rebuilt. At the same time, it planned to protect and restore historical sites.The city is divided into 10 administrative regions.On January 1, 1993,Czechic and Slovak Independent.Prague isCzech RepublicCapital.
Prague is a city with a long history. As early as 1000 years ago, it was the capital of the Czech Kingdompolitical center。It has a history of more than 700 years since it became the first royal city of the Czech Dynasty in the 13th century.From the 13th century to the 15th century, it was an important economic, political and cultural center in Central Europe.The city is close to mountains and rivers, with many historic sites. There are more than 2000 historical relics under national key protection.It is no exaggeration to say that almost every street in the old city can find various forms of buildings since the 13th century, such as the famous building built in 1344Saint Victorchurch, built in 1357 on the Voltawa Riverartistic value The incomparable Charlie Bridge, the oldest institution of higher learning in Central Europe, was built in 1348charles university As well as the magnificent Prague Palace and the national theater with a long history.
Some remote and quiet streets and alleys in the old city still keep the appearance of the Middle Ages. The streets are paved with stones,street lampIt is an ancient gas lamp style, and many houses have religious murals.along withUrban transportationWith the development of, many streets in the old city have become too narrow, and only cars and trams are allowed to pass through.The old city square in the center of the old city has existed for more than 900 years and is a place for mass gatherings.The Old Man in the Squarecity hall, built in 1338, is aGothic architecture。The famous Karolinum Palace in the south of the square ischarles university The oldest building.There are famousbethlehem church.Gunpowder Gate Tower is the only one of the 13 gates in the old city.
There is a clock tower built in 1410 on the square. Although the outer wall of the clock tower has partially peeled off due to the age, it is exquisite and uniquechime clockAnd famous all over the world.All visitors to Prague always go to the Old Town Square to watch this ancient clock tower. Prague citizens who pass the clock tower often stop to check their watches.Every hour, the window and door on the clock will open automatically, and the bell will ring in unison. The 12 holy images are as followsRiding lanternThey appear one by one at the window and bow to people.This complicated and wonderful bell was made by a fitter with a hammer in the middle of the 15th centuryPliers、FileIt is built with tools such as tools, and its time is accurate. It has become a treasure for people to watch.The new urban area is a prosperous business district, where there are famousWenceslas Square , Dvorak Museum, etc.In addition, there is a small town area with preserved medieval style. There are many palace style buildings with Baroque style.Most of the urban areas are winding narrow streets. The most famous buildings here were built in the 17th and 18th centuriesSaint Nicholas Church , known as Prague BaroqueReligious architectureA model of.[2]
Prague, Czech capital
Early history
sincePaleolithic AgeSince then, there have been human settlements in Prague.About 500 years ago, the Boii tribe of Celts lived in this area. They called this areaBohemian。Later, the Germans drove away the Celts and moved to this area.By the 6th century, most of the Germanic tribes had migrated to the Danube ValleySlavTribes invaded from the west and settled in Bohemia. They are the ancestors of the Czech nation.
According to legend, Prague was founded byPrincess LibusShe and her husband, farmer Pemisore, named after Pemisore, founded the Pemisole dynasty (P ř emyslid).Legend has it that the princess made many predictions in her Libusin castle in Central Bohemia (before the 7th centuryarchaeologyConfirmation of discovery).One predicted that she foresaw the glory of Prague.One day, she wasA vision"I saw a great city whose glory can reach the stars in the sky. I saw it on the steep cliff on the bank of the Voltawa River in the forest, where there was a man who was cutting a threshold (prah) for his house, where he was going to build a castle called Praha.The princes and dukes bent over the threshold and bowed to the castle and the city around it.It will be respected and honored, and the whole world will praise it ".Whether this legend is true or not, Prague was formed gradually with the core of Vy š ehrad, which was built from a commanding position on the right bank of the Voltawa River in the 9th century.Later, another castle was built on the other side of the river, namelyprague castle 。Soon Prague became the capital of Bohemia, and became an importantTrade Centre, attracted many Jews.In 973, the city became a parish center.
In the 13th century, three settlements around Prague Castle gained the privileges of a town.In 1257, a new town (Mala Strana) was built to the south of Prague Castle, which is the area where the Germans liveautonomy。The Prague Castle District (Hrad č any) adjacent to the west and north of the castle gained autonomy in 1320.The old city of Prague (Stare Mesto) opposite the Voltawa River had gained autonomy as early as 1230.
Charles IV
In the 14th century, PragueHoly Roman EmpireLuxembourg DynastyThe reign of Charles IV reached its peak.Charles IV, the eldest son of the Czech princess and Luxembourg's John, was born in Prague in 1316 and became the king of Bohemia when his father died in 1346.Because of his efforts, the diocese of Prague was upgraded toarchdiocese 。In 1355, Charles was crowned in Rome and became the Holy Roman Emperor.Prague became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.Charlie hopes Prague will become one of the most beautiful cities in the world.He built Prague into the most brilliant city in the empire, and the most prominent building in the city isSt. Vitus Cathedral In Central Europe, the grand Gothic style was first adopted, and the interior decoration adopted an independent artistic style, calledBohemian School。On April 7, 1348, he established Central Europe, Northern Europe andEastern EuropeThe first university of the Czech Republic, called Charlie UniversityThe oldest universityIt was also the first university in Germany.In the same year, he also built Nove M ě sto beside the old city, and set up a new town between the new town and the small townCharles Bridge 。He also built many new churches.At that time, Prague was the third largest city in Europe, with aMint, Germany andItalyOf merchants andbankerGather here.
Since 1402, Huss, a theology professor at Charlie University, has been in BethlehemChapelPreach in Czech, let ordinary believers andclergywithCommunionAnd Holy Blood, which was ruled as heresy by the Holy See on July 6, 1415Konstanzgive a sentence ofCremation。Four years later, Prague had its firstThrow out of window event, triggeredHussite Wars 。
Habsburg period
Since 1526, Bohemia has been in theHabsburg DynastyUnder the rule of.Rudolf II During his reign (1576-1612), the capital of the Holy Roman Empire was once again located in Prague.In addition to his enthusiasm forastrologyAnd magic, but also love art, making Prague the cultural capital of Europe, gathering Kepler and other astronomers and painters.
In 1617,catholic, EmperorFerdinand IIWhen he ascended the throne, he was determined not to tolerate Protestants any more.In 1618, the event of throwing out the window in Prague again triggeredThirty Year War。Not far from the city in 1621Baishan CampaignChina, Czech army defeated, 27protestantThe nobles were executed in the Old Town Square.In 1648, the Swedish army captured and ransacked Prague, and the Holy Roman Emperor moved the court toViennaAfter that, Prague entered a period of depression,urban populationIt also dropped from 60000 before the war to 20000.
Prague was rebuilt after a fire in 1689 destroyed it.In the 18th century, the city's economy continued to rise. By 1771, it had 80000 residents, many of whom were aristocrats and wealthy businessmen. Many palaces, churches and gardens were built in the city, and they generally used ornateBaroque, has won reputation all over the world.In 1784, the original four autonomous towns - Hrad č any (located in the west and north of the castle), Mala Strana (located in the south of the castle), the old city (also located in the east of the castle, opposite the castle area across the river) and the new city (Nove M ě sto, located in the southeast) were formally merged into one city.
In 1806, according to Napoleon's order, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, and the emperor Francis II gave upHoly Roman EmperorTitleAustriaEmperor Francis I.
The revolution of 1848 shocked the whole of Europe, and also shocked Prague, but it was violently suppressed.The second year, Czech RepublicnationalismThe movement (against another nationalist party, United Germain) began to rise until it won a majority in the city council in 1861.
In the 19th century, the city of Prague continued to expand.In 1850,Jewish Quarter(Josefov) merged into Prague.In 1883, Prague added Vy š ehrad District.industrial revolutionIt has had a great impact on Prague, because there are coal mines and steel factories in the nearby area, which is very beneficial to the establishment of factories.Bohemia becameAustro Hungarian EmpireThe richest area in China.Karlin, the first suburb, was formed in 1817, and its population reached 100000 20 years later.In 1842, Prague built the first railway.
Twentieth Century
the First World WarAfter the end,Austro Hungarian EmpireAfter defeat, Prague became a newly establishedCzechoslovakiaPrague Castle became the presidential palace.During this period, Prague was still famous for its industrial development in Europe.At the beginning of 1922, 37 surrounding buildingsAutonomous townBelonging to Prague, the number of residents increased to 676000.In 1930, the population reached 850000.By 1938, the population of Prague had increased to 1 million.
On March 10, 1939, Hitler ordered German troops to occupy Prague and establish Bohemia andMoraviaProtector States.On May 5, 1945, the Czech people in Prague launched an oppositionnaziOccupiedPrague Uprising 。On the same day, the US army captured Bilson, which is only an hour away from Prague (while the Soviet army is still on the border of Moravia),BartonThe general intended to liberate Prague, but was stopped by General Eisenhower.According to the previousYalta ConferenceThe secret agreement reached on the Red Army will liberate Bohemia.
On May 9, 1945 (the day after Germany formally surrendered), Soviet tanks entered Prague.After the war, Prague became the capital of Czechoslovakia again.A few months after the end of the war, Soviet troops left Czechoslovakia, butSoviet UnionIt has maintained a strong political influence on the Czech Republic.In February 1948, the Communist Party took over the power of Prague.
At that time, the intellectual group with long-term active ideas in Prague could not adapt to the high-pressure control after the war. In 1967, the city held the fourthCzechoslovak Writers AssociationAt the meeting,Milan Kundera Many writers began to criticize the Communist Party.On January 5, 1968, the new leader of the Czech RepublicAlexander DubcekstartPolitical democratizationMovement, i.ePrague Spring。On August 20 of the same year, the Soviet Union andWarsaw PactThe armed invasion of the Czech Republic by member states extinguished the movement.
In 1968, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Czech Communist PartyDubcekLaunched the "Prague Spring" reform, with a tendency to break away from Soviet control.The Soviet army decided to intervene with armed forces.In late June,Warsaw PactHeld in Czech Republicmilitary exerciseAnd withdraw after the drill.After July, the situation eased.On the evening of August 3, the China Pact was signed in Czech Republicjoint statementThe crisis seems to have passed.
At 11:00 p.m. on August 20, Prague Airport received a signal from a Soviet civil aircraft“Mechanical accidentThere is no reason to disagree.As soon as the plane landed, dozens of Soviet commandos rushed out of the cabin and quickly occupied the airport.A few minutes later, Sudi 24Air Force Groupgianttransport planeStart landing, one plane a minute.An hour later, a Soviet vehicleembassyThe Soviet airborne division headed for Prague.At the same time, the commander in chief of the Soviet army, General Pavlovski, commanded four Soviet armiesArmored Division, 1Airborne division, 1 East German apprenticepolandGo straight to Prague.(West to the First Front Army) Four Soviet divisions stationed in Germany and one East German division cut off the western border of Czech Republic.(West to the Second Front Army) 8 divisions of the Soviet army stationed in Hungary, 2 divisions of the Hungarian army, and a Bulgarian army attacked from the south.(The first front army in the southwest) The four divisions of the Soviet Polish synthetic army attacked the north.(The West marches to the third front) At the same time, the Soviet armyNATOAnd the Czech army began to fully electronic suppression.
At dawn on the 21st, the Soviet army occupied Prague and arrested Dubcek.Six hours after the start of the attack, the Soviet army took control of the whole Czech territory.Hundreds of thousands of Czech troops were disarmed, and NATO did not have time to respond.This is a typical front army group of the Soviet armyOffensive campaign。The west is the main force, and the southwest cooperates. Four front armies and one tank are usedArmy groupThere are 4 arms, 26 divisions and about 300000 people.But because the attack was too fast, twoStrategic directionReserve tankGroup Army GroupNone of them were dispatched, only the tanks directly under each group army, division and regiment were used, with a total of more than 9000 vehicles.
In 1989, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the streets of Prague were crowded with peoplevelvet revolution Czechoslovakia got rid of the Communist Party and the formerSoviet UnionImpact.
In 1993,Czech RepublicAfter the partition of Slovakia, Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic.
twenty-first century
On November 21, 2002, thousands of anti war activists from the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Italy held a demonstration against NATO in Prague.[3]
The 26th session was held in Prague, the Czech capital, on August 24, 2006International Astronomical UnionOn, setPlutoExpulsion from planetary status.This time, the Astronomical Union held in Prague played an important role in Czech astronomy and the world's understanding of planets.
On April 21, 2012, Prague, the Czech capital, witnessed the largestdemonstrationMore than 120000 people took to the streets to protest against the newly approvedFiscal retrenchmentProgramme.The demonstrators demanded the cancellation of the fiscal austerity policy, the immediate resignation of the current government and the early holding of general elections.Analysts believe that the ruling Czech government of Necas is facing a severe test.[4]
On October 7, 2019, the Prague Municipal Committee decided to terminate PragueBeijingFriendly city agreement signed by the city.[5]
On October 9, 2019,Foreign Affairs Office of Beijing Municipal People's GovernmentThe Statement on Beijing's Cancellation of Sister City Relations with Prague, Czech Republic (hereinafter referred to as the Statement) was issued, which mentioned that Beijing immediately terminated its sister city relations with Prague and suspended all official exchanges.[5]
On January 14, 2020,Foreign Affairs Office of Shanghai Municipal People's GovernmentRelease the AboutShanghaiThe Statement on the Termination of Sister City Relations between the Czech Republic and Prague (hereinafter referred to as the Statement) mentioned that,ShanghaiImmediately terminate the relationship with the sister city of Prague and suspend all official exchanges.[6]
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geographical environment
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position
Prague is located in the middle of EuropeBerlin、ViennaAnd other major cities in other countries.The distance from the border with most neighboring countries is generally 100-200 km.
In the citycharles university (also known as the University of Prague), the Institute of Technology, the Conservatory of Music and other institutions of higher learning and the National Academy of SciencesAcademy of Agricultural Sciencesetc.scientific research institution。There are many theaters, museums and art galleries.There are various styles of ancient buildings, includingprague castle , palace, church, etc.Music has a long reputation. The annual Prague Spring Concert is an important music event in the world.There are many parks and green spaces in the city.
economic center
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Prague is the largesteconomic center。IndustryMachinery manufacturingMainly, products includeTransport machinery(cars, locomotives and vehicles), machine tools, motorsMining machinery、construction machinery , agricultural machinery, etc.There are also chemical industry, textile, leather, printing, food processing, etc.The industry is mainly distributed in the southwest and southeast suburbs of the city.Public transportationIt is mainly composed of automobiles and trams, and has a subway.There are passenger ships on the Voltawa River.There areinternational airport。
Transportation
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transit
Prague's public transport facilities are completetraffic systemIncluding subway, trams, buses, a cableway to Pet ř in Mountain, andPrague Zoo The aerial ropeway.The subway in this city was put into use in 1974. There are now A, B and C3 lines with a total length of more than 20 kilometers and 54 stations in total.The tram was opened in the 1920s, including the famous No. 91 "nostalgic tram".All these services use a commonTicketing system, and the capital PragueTransportation company(Dopravni podnik hl. m. Prahy).
Railway
In 1842, Prague built the first railway.Prague is Czechrailway networkFrom here, you can reach every place in the Czech Republic and many places in neighboring countries.Prague has two international railway stations and many smaller suburban stations.
aviation
Prague's Vaclav Havel International Airport is CzechNational Airlines（Flag Carrier）CSA Czech Airlines The headquarters ofPassenger traffic volumeA large international airport with 5 million passengers.Every day there are some cheap flights between Britain and other countries.Ruzinne International Airport is considered to be one of the most modern airports in Europe.
architectural style
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Prague is a famoustourist cityThere are a large number of buildings of various historical periods and styles in the cityRomanesque、Gothic architecture、The Renaissance、Baroque、Rococo、Neoclassicism、Art NouveauFrom cubism to ultramodernism, especiallyBaroqueAnd gothic architecture.Prague architecture gives an overall impression that the top of the building is particularly rich in changes, and the color is extremely gorgeous (red tiles and yellow walls), so it has a "city of thousands of towers"“Golden City”It is also known as one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.
Prague Historical CenterBuilt between the 11th and 18th centuries, the old city, the outer city and the new city have magnificent relics such as Holadkani Castle, Saint Bitus Cathedral, Charles Bridge and countless churches and palaces. Pratt built in the Holy Roman EmpireCharles IV Its rule reached the heyday of construction, and it has been famous for its great influence on architecture and culture since the Middle Ages.
1992 according tocultural heritageSelection criteria C (ii) (iv) (vi): Prague History Center was approved by UNESCO World Heritage Committee as a cultural heritage《World Heritage List》。Report on heritage: the 16th World Heritage CommitteeMeeting report。
Selection criteria (ii）: The Prague Historical Center admirably illustrates the process of continuous urban growth.Since the 14th century, it has played an important role in the political, economic, social and cultural evolution of Central EuropeArtistic traditionIt means that it is most of Central and Eastern Europeurban development The main mode of.
Selection criteria (iv)Prague is an excellentUrban buildings, whether it is its ruins or itsUrban landscapeIn terms of, they are well deserved world-famous.
Geographical Location of Czech World Heritage Site
Selection criteria (vi): Prague inMedieval ChristianityIt has played an outstanding role in the development of Central Europe and its formation and influence in the evolution of cities and towns.With its political significance in the late Middle Ages, it attracted architects and artists from all over Europe, who contributed to its rich architectural and artistic treasures.In the 14th centuryCharles University Its establishment made it a famous university.Since the reign of Charles IV, Prague has been the intellectual and cultural center of the region, andWolfgang Amadeus MozartandFranz Kafka Waiting worldFamous nameThere are indelible links.
The Prague Historical Center was built between the 11th and 18th centuriesouter cityHexincheng has been famous for its great influence on architecture and culture since the Middle Ages.The center has magnificent relics such as Hradcani Castle, St Vitus Cathedral, Charles Bridge and countless churches and palaces, most of which were built during the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century.[7-8]
scenic spot
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Prague Square
Prague Square
A copy《Unbearable lightness of life》Let people knowKunderaAnd then he learned about his native Czech Republic.Czech, the home of literature, fairy tales are still going on.In the Czech Republic, although the castle is the main character in Prague, it is also its background. Without it as the background, the picture has no theme.The tram runs rhythmically in the streets and alleys. There are buildings of different styles on both sides of the street, one by one, and streamers flash through the windows.The most beautiful, the most eye-catching is to sellcrystalStores;The cutest ones are those stores that sell puppets, and enthusiastic store owners will teach you how to operate them.The puppets in the shape of witches, dressed in black linen robes, wearing pointed hats and riding broomsticks, should have made people feel terrible, but these puppet witches are really funny.Go out and find the Charlie Bridge, an ancient bridge connecting the old castle and the old city, and under the bridge is the fast Voltana River.The most famous one on Charlie Bridge is that ancient sculpture.There are many tourists on the bridge, and the hawkers make it very lively.Both ends of the bridge are highbridge tower, played an extremely important role in guarding and defending in ancient times.Standing on the bridge towerHighest, the whole Prague[2]The city unfolds before your eyes.Prague eveningOld City SquareIt's very lively. I want a cup of coffee in the roadside cafe, sit in the corner of the square and watch the sunsetAstronomical clockThere will be one on the hourTwelve Apostles 's puppet takes turns to tell the time, and the god of death below will also affectbell。The whole process ends with the cock crowing.Prague at night is like a city of elves.Old style carriages carrying curious tourists shuttled around the square, and horses' hooves hitFlagstone roadMake a clear sound;The castle attic flickers with lights, as if the princess in the story will appear in the window at any time;Loud music and crispflower receptacleThe collision sound makes people feel warm and cordial.At this time, it seems that I am in theMedieval Europe , or a fairy tale world, visitors will instinctively forget the existence of time, fell into the space-time tunnel and lost in Prague Square.
Other famous scenic spots
Prague Castle is located on the hills of the Voltawa River. It has a history of more than 1000 years. For more than 60 years, the offices of all presidents have been located in the castle, so it is also called the "Presidential Palace". The castle includes the following parts.
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Obrazarna Prazskeho Hradu The recently rebuilt Obrazarina Prazskeho Hradu must pay extra to enter. There are many classical paintings in it, which started from the 16th century, but mainly from the 16th to the 18th century, including Italy, GermanyNetherlandsThere are more than 4000 works by artists from various countries.The original site of Prague Castle Gallery is the castle stables. In the process of transforming Prague Castle Gallery into a castle gallery, the earliest church of Prague Castle, the Church of the Virgin, was excavated. Some relics are stored in the castle gallery.
katedrala sv. vita Katedrala sv. Vita is the most important landmark of Prague Castle. In addition to its rich architectural features, it is also the place where the royal family of Prague Castle will rest after coronation and death.Saint Vita Cathedral has been expanded for three times. The circular church of Saint Winselas in 929 AD was expanded into a rectangular church in 1060 AD, and was ordered to be built by Charles IV in 1344 ADgothic architecture It was not officially completed until 1929.Several highlights of the visit to Saint Vita Cathedral includeStained glassWindows, Saint John's Tomb and Saint Winselaschurch。Entering the entrance of the church, the colorful stained glass on the left is the work of the famous Prague painter Muha, adding a lot of modernity to this millennium old church;bypassan altarIn the rear, the tomb of St. John was built and decorated with sterling silver. He was an anti religious reformer in 1736, so he was buried in Saint Vita Cathedral and commemorated with sterling silver decoration.Further ahead is the Church of St. Vinceslas. Compared with the tomb of St. John in front of it, the Church of StGold colorDecoration is of great artistic value.From the appearance,gothic Saint Vita Cathedral inFlying buttressThey are decorated very luxuriously.
Old Palace(Star Kralovsky Palac)BohemiaIn the king's residence, successive rulers repaired different parts.The whole palace building is roughly divided into three floors. Once entering the entrance, there is the high Villadisslav Hall, which is also the center of gravity of the whole palaceNew TerritoriesThere are many images of early secretaries in the hall;The lower floor has the Gothic style Charles IV Palace and the pseudo Roman palace hall. Most of the rooms were destroyed in the fire in 1541, so some of them are relics of later reconstruction.
St. George's Church The red church with two towers behind Bazilika sv. Jiri is St. George's Church. St. George's Church is the best preserved imitation in the Czech RepublicRoman architectureAfter completion in 920, it was expanded and built many times, once at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The cornerstone of the church and the two spires have been preserved since the 10th century.AsideSt. George's conventFirst in BohemiaConvent, was demolished and converted into a military camp in the 18th centuryArt gallery, collecting Czech art works from the 14th to 17th centuries, including paintings from different periods such as Gothic art, Renaissance and Baroque.Powder towerThe powder tower here (Prasna Vez Mihulka), like the powder tower in the old city square, was originally used as a fortress for guarding the city, but later used to store gunpowder.In the 16th century, the king asked warlocks to live here to study the art of smelting lead into gold. After the 18th century, it was changed to the place where St. Vita's Cathedral was used to store sacred objects, which was to display medieval art, astronomy andalchemyMuseum of cultural relics.
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Huangjin AlleyThe Golden Lane (Zlata Ulicka) is one of the most famous scenic spots in Prague's ancient castle. The crowding degree of tourists is comparable to that of Charlie Bridge. The No. 22 where Kafka once lived is a small and lovely bookstore, which also sells Kafka's works.Golden Lane is located in St. George's Church andToy MuseumAfter turning into an alley, I came to the Golden Lane with many small houses, just like the small houses in fairy tales, which is the most poetic street in Prague.Gold Lane used to be the residence of servants and craftsmen. Later, many people gathered here as kingsAlchemyThe magician ofSlums。 In the middle of the 20th century, the original house was changed into a small shop, where different kinds of souvenirs andHandicrafts, e.g. No. 16Wooden toysThe tin Prague soldiers in No. 20, the hand-painted clothes in No. 21, and the appearance of No. 19 are the most attractive. They are lovely garden cabins with rich flowers and trees.
Cultural Town
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Prague is also one of the important cultural cities in Europe. In history, there were many outstanding figures in music, literature and many other fields, such as composersMozart、Bedrich Smetana 、Dvorak, WriterRainer Maria Rilke （Rainer Maria Rilke，1875～1926）、Franz Kafka （Franz Kafka，1883～1924）、Milan Kundera （Milan Kundera，1929～）、Vaclav Havel (Vaclav Havel, 1936~2011) and others carried out creative activities in the city. The city still maintains a strong cultural atmosphere, with manyopera house、Concert Hall, museums, art gallerieslibrary, cinemas and other cultural institutions, as well as endless annual cultural activities.
industrial revolutionLater to the second timeWorld WarPreviously, Prague was one of the more developed industrial cities in EuropeAustro Hungarian EmpireHas a pivotal position.At that time, Prague was also a multi-ethnic city,MulticulturalIt is a distinctive feature of Prague. However, after two world wars, Prague has basically become a city with a single Czech nation.stayCold WarDuring the period, there were several world shaking events in Prague: the Communist Party came to power in 1948Prague SpringAnd 1989velvet revolution 。
City Walk
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This is the starting point and end point of many stories of joys and sorrows, which condenses the essence of Czech art and the joys and sorrows of history.Its beauty is bright and elegant, but also with a hint of melancholy.It isMozartandVivaldiThe music of is the novel of Kafka and Milan Kundera. It is a place where art and dreams interweave.
"Good soldier Shueke" and the sad bell
Walking is the best way of transportation in Prague. You can slowly experience the heartbeat and pulse of the city.In Prague, you can walk into almost any houseSuperior restaurantAnd cafes, because their prices are usually within your acceptable range.It's not expensive to eat in Prague. You can go to a good restaurant, and you must try CzechDumplings, Czech RepublicRoasted DuckAnd so on.
The Czech Republic isBeerIn a big country, beer is not only very delicious, but also the cheapest of all drinks, which is lower than mineral water and cola. It's unbelievable.The famous beer brands of Czech Republic are hung at the entrance of the bars here.BUDVOR at most, Czech RepublicBudweiserWith a history of more than 200 years, it is the largest brewery in the world.[9]
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I found that Shueke Restaurant is unique to the Czech Republic. Shueke Restaurant is based on the world-famous Czech novel Shueke Good SoldierTheme restaurantTherefore, it is decorated with strong Czech local characteristics and mainly sells traditional Czech style and Central European cooking style dishes. It is located at the junction of the old city and the Jewish district and is welcomed by local people and tourists.Almost every building around the Old Town Square has a strange and beautiful name and unique decoration, such as Stone Sheep House, Bull House, Poor People's HouseunicornHouse, Blue Star House, etc.These names alone can remind people of the mysterious stories hidden behind them.In the center of the square stands the statues of the medieval Czech religious reform leader, the thinker Saint Hus and his followers.
usedNeues Rathaus A lot of people gathered in the morning, and they were excited to watch the huge flash on both sides of the high placeMetallic lusterOfAstronomical clockBecause every time the pointer on the astronomical clock moves to the right point, two puppets come out on the clock face to pull the clock rope, and then two small windows on the top corner of the clock suddenly open, and Jesus comes out from inside12 DisciplesThe statue slowly turns from the window, and the clear bell rings.
This is one of the sights you can't miss when you come to Prague, but when you know the true story behind it, the lovely and beautiful astronomical clock will cover your eyes with a layer of sadness: in 1410, after the completion of the Wenzhong, the selfish and greedy ruler sent someone to blind the designer's eyes in order not to let the designer of the clock create a better clock later,The indignant designer finally jumped into the astronomical clock designed by himself and ended his life.
Along the tracks of music and movies
Prague is a music city“Don Juan”At the place where the first performance and fame were made, various concert halls in Prague gave performances almost every night, with various programs.The most famous concert hall should be the Smetana Concert Hall, which is luxuriously decorated.The opening ceremony of Prague Spring is held here every year.Symphonic Suite of Smetana——My motherlandThe second chapter is also the opening song of the opening ceremony of Prague Spring every year.
To the south of the old city, the most prosperous commercial avenue in Prague is Vaclav Avenue (the area of Vaclav Square is also known as the new city, because its history is three centuries younger than the old city). It is full of bustling people, leaving behind busy footsteps.Don't underestimate it. Most of the major historical events in modern Czech history took place here.At the end of Vaclav Avenue stands the statue of Vaclav on horseback, the most important patron god of Bohemia.The statue is facing the magnificent National Museum, which is a huge new Renaissance building with a bronze central bulge and surrounding turrets, shining in the sun.The exterior wall of the National Museum is old and simple, and the color is just like oldThread bound bookSimilarly, the steps in front of the museum are very impressive,Yesone kindKing styleThe interior decoration is really magnificent!In particular, the main hall with large stairs almost eclipses the ancient collections.
Charlie Bridge and Prague Castle in the Moonlight
There is a saying in Prague: You can't go to Prague without passing the Charlie Bridge.The Charlie Bridge, built in 1357, is the most famous bridge on the Voltawa River and has almost become the symbol of Prague.The Voltawa River is CzechMother RiverThe surging water is the heartbeat of Prague, which divides Prague in two.On one side are the old city and the new city (the new city is not new), full of gorgeous buildings of all ages, on the other side are rolling hills, dotted with Prague Castle.The river is rhythmically dotted with 17 interesting bridges, including Charlie Bridge, 520Meter long, less than 10 meters wide, there are 29 statues, among which there are many tourists waiting to touch the two metal reliefs on the statue base in front of the eighth St. John, and they shine when touched.It is said that this can make a wish to the sage.
You can buy all kinds of artworks on the bridge, such as portraits andLandscape sketch, clay sculpture and clay sculpture painting, characteristic musical instrument performance, string puppet performance, folk jewelry, etc.On the stone bridge railing under the sun, I feel the Voltawa River quietly with the breeze blowing.At this time, the melody of Smetana's "Voltava River" movement, the shallow water dam on the river, suddenly appeared in my mind, making the Voltava River form a wave pattern that always fluctuates. The graceful swans on the river sometimes look up, sometimes look down, and sometimes fly.Charlie Bridge means more to us than "bridge".
The other end of Charlie Bridge leads to the famous Prague Castle.At night, I looked at the castle by the river. The yellow light was shining on the river. On the opposite side was a dark hill with a castle hanging in the middle.The light shining on the castle is not gorgeous, or even bright, but it sets off the castle faintly, creating a mysterious atmosphere, which is desirable.
The mysterious castle is actually the least mysterious.As the presidential palace of the Czech Republic, except for the office area being used, other parts areFree。The palace hall in the castle has a special wooden floor.Legend has it that Charlemagne would makeknightThey were fighting in the hall.St Vitus Cathedral For the building that claims to be able to touch the toe of God, people can do nothing but look up.Its interior is magnificent and its exterior is magnificent. The exquisite paintings on the windows and various sculptures in the church can be called a miracle of the world.
The appearance of the whole castle has lasted for ten centuries.At first, the castle was built in the late ninth century. In 925, the church of St. Vitus was built. Later, it was destroyed and rebuilt several times, and renovated and expanded several times. In different years, according to the ideas of different kings, facilities were added or reduced.So, just from Prague Castle, we can seeRich and colorfulArchitectural form.
Prague not only has the ancient European style, but also has its modern side.VoltTavariver bank"Dancing skirt", a new building of "Dancing skirt", won the World Architecture Award.Elegant lines outlined by metal and cement are historicColor matchingIn the middle, it shows no affectation at all, making the city more vibrant.Modern Prague has brought more thanBohemiaRomantic style.
City Honor
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In November 2018, the ranking of world cities was released, and Prague entered the ranks of the world's first tier cities.[11]
On December 26, 2019, it ranked 28th in the 2019 Global 500 Cities.[12]
In April 2020, it was selected into the "2020 World Famous Summer Cities".[13]
Communication with China
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On the afternoon of March 29, 2016, President Xi Jinping met in Prague with Mayor Kornachova of Prague and accepted the city key presented by Kornachova on behalf of the city.[10]
Xi Jinping pointed out that I was given the city key of Prague, which reflects the deep friendship between the Czech people and the people of Prague for China.Prague is EuropeHistoric cityIs the first city in the world to be recognized asWorld Cultural HeritageThe city of.The scenery here is like oil painting,Cultural detailsProfound, warm and friendly people.This key will bring me good memories of Prague.[10]
Xi Jinping stressed that local exchanges areZojerelationshipComprehensive developmentAn important part of.Prague has close exchanges with Beijing. It is believed that with the strengthening of cooperation between the two capitals, local exchanges between China and Czech Republic will make greater breakthroughs.China -Central and Eastern EuropeThe National Federation of Local Governors has settled in the Czech Republic.Hope Prague can playOwn advantagesAnd the provincial governors' federation platform, expand the communication channels and cooperation fields with China, and make new contributions to Sino Czech friendly cooperation.[10]
Konachova said that local cooperation between Czech Republic and China has developed rapidly and has made important contributions to the development of bilateral relations.It is a great pleasure for President Xi Jinping to witness the formation of Prague and Beijing during his visit to the Czech RepublicSister city。Prague is full of confidence in mutually beneficial cooperation with China's sister cities.[10]
On March 29, 2016,BeijingAnd Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, jointly signed and concluded a sister city relationship agreement.[14]On May 17, 2017,ShanghaiSigned an agreement with Prague, Czech Republic, and concluded municipal friendly city relations.[15]
On October 9, 2019, Beijing announced the cancellation of sister city relations with Prague.[5]On January 14, 2020, Shanghai announced the cancellation of the sister city relationship with Prague.[6]
