BornDouble pupil, filial and friendly, good at making pottery.obtainFour MountainsRecommended, after many testsTang YaoRecognition and Zen of（《Bamboo Chronicle》And《Han Feizi》It is not recorded as abdication in Chinese), all in Pubin (today's ShanxiYongji）And establish a Yuguo.After he ascended the throne, he accepted remonstrance with an open mind, punished treacherous sycophants, and exiled four villains（Coproduction, Badger DouSanmiao、Gun）；Employ talents and talents, and prosper all undertakings（GaotaoFive penalties for management,the third of the three legendary emperors who created the Chinese stateHarnessing water conservancyminister of agriculture under legendary ShunIn charge of agricultureDeed(in charge of the five religions), created a situation of political harmony and human harmony, and became the most powerful tribal alliance leader in the Central Plains.In his later years, he listened to the arrangements and suggestions of the Four Mountains. The Zen was located in Dayu, and he traveled around the world by car. He died in Cangwu County and was buried inJiuyi MountainThe posthumous title is Shun, also called Emperor Shun, Yu Shun, and Emperor Shun.
Emperor Shun is the ancestor of Chinese moral culture.《Redords of the Grand History of China》It says: "The world has been full of virtue since Yu Shun".The soul of Emperor Shun's cultural spirit, which can be called "virtue first, re education", has become an important driver of the historical transition period from barbarism to civilization, and one of the three milestones of Chinese culture.
Shun Youyu, Emperor of the Three Talents Map by Wang Qi in the Ming Dynasty
Shun, legendaryPatrilineal societyThe leader of the later tribal alliance,Yao surname, famous as Chonghua, founded inOsaka(TodayShanxiprovinceYongjiCity) forFive Emperorsone of.Emperor Shun is the successor of Dongyi GroupTai Hao、Shao Hao、ChiyouLater, the famous tribal chiefs.[7]Dongyi nationalityIt is one of the main ethnic origins of the Chinese nation, Tai Hao, Shao Hao, ShunGaotao、BoyiThe leaders of Dongyi and other ethnic groups had served as the leaders of early Huaxia.Shun is a "scholar of Dongyi". On this point, myths and legends are consistent with archaeological excavations.[13]BySima QianDuring the "Five Emperors" era, which was listed as the beginning of China's official history, the Dongyi cluster has been divided into many tribal groups that have been constantly reorganized, such as the famousChiyouTribe, Zhuanxu Tribe, Diku Tribe, Dishun Tribe, Gaotao Tribe, Boyi Tribe, etc. all originated from the two earlier groups, Taihao and Shaohao.[14]
《Yuanhe surname compilation》"Yao was born in Yaoxu. One said he was born in Zhufeng. His descendants took Yao as their surname."
The New Book of the Tang Dynasty, the Lineage of Prime Ministers: "The surname of Yao is Yu Shun, who was born in Yaoxu, because he thought it was his surname.",usurper who founded the Xin dynastyHe was granted the title of Dai Sui Marquis. After Fengshun, Zi Hui avoided the chaos and moved across the river to Wujun, changing his surname to Gui.Sun Fu of the Five Dynasties changed his surname to Yao and lived in Wuxing Wukang. "
Northern Song Dynasty Jingyou Year Edition: Shao Sizhu[1]According to the "Interpretation of Surnames", "Girls are surnames, so most of the names follow women. Yu Shun was born in Yao, so he took Yao as his surname because of his birthplace."
《Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books》And《chorography·According to the Genealogy, "Yu has two surnames, Yao Yue Gui. The surname was Yao because of the birth of Yao Xu, and Gui because of the residence of Gui Shui. So Yao Hui changed his surname to Gui, andGui HaoHe changed his surname to Yao, knowing that Yao and Gui can communicate...... "
"The Book of History" said: "Virtue from Shunming."《Shangshu·Record of Yao Code, Shun“YaoThe two girls are in Guirui, and the concubines are in Yu. "YaoMarry his two daughters to him.
Historical Records·Five Emperors' History》According to the record, "All the virtues of the world began with Emperor Yu." Shun and Emperor Yu here were called Yu Shun in history, also known as Emperor Shun and Emperor Shun,Yao surname, the Yu family, named Chonghua, was one of the five emperors in ancient times.
According to the Book of History, Records of the Historian and other relevant ancient books, Yu Shun conducts himself and manages the country with morality as the guide and harmony as the guide. He pursues harmony, peace and harmony all his life. His connotation of harmony is very rich.
It is said that his title was the Youyu family, his surname was Gui Yao, his name was Chonghua, his name was Dujun, and his posthumous title was Shun.Because of the country name“Yu”It is also called Yu Shun.He isEmperor ZhuanxuHis sixth grandson (Zhuan Xu - Poor Cicada - Jingkang - Quwang - Qiaoniu - Blind Old Man - Chonghua), since the fifth ancestorPoor cicadaAll are civilians.Emperor Shun received his father from childhoodBlind old man, stepmother and stepmother's sonasAfter suffering many times, he is still kind to each other. He respects his parents and cherishes his different mothers and brothers, so he is praised by the people.
He farmed in Zhufeng (which disappeared due to the siltation of the Yellow River), and the local people stopped fighting for the land boundary and were very modest to each other.People are willing to live near him, and they will gather into a village in two or three years.At that time, Diyao, the leader of the tribal alliance, was very old and wanted to choose an heir,Four MountainsShun was unanimously elected, so Yao chose his two daughtersEhuang NvyingMarry Shun, and let nine men serve Shun to see his virtue;He also asked Shun to take charge of the five ceremonies, manage all officials, and be responsible for the etiquette of welcoming guests to see what he could do.All governance means that Shun was appointed to take charge of government affairs.
Emperor Shun's Postscript[19]
Yao abdicated the throne to Shun and died 28 years later.Shun selects talents and appoints them“Bakke ”、“eight yuan”To govern civil affairs and exile“Four murderers”, AppointmentYuWater control completed Yao's unfinished business.It is said that he patrolled everywhere, rectified the ritual system and reduced the punishment.The people are required to "be virtuous and far from being sycophantic", "be straight and gentle, broad and bold, tough but not abusive, simple but not proud", show filial respect to their parents and live in harmony with their neighbors.Under its governance, the government and religion were popular, and people from all over the world praised Shun Gong.《The Doctrine of the Mean》Confucius said, "Shun, his great knowledge is similar! Shun likes to ask questions, but he likes to observe your words. He conceals evil and promotes good. He holds both ends of his heart and uses them for the people. He thinks that Shun is the best!" It was said that he died on the way to the southCang WuIn the wild, buried in JiangnanJiuyi Mountain。
Gu JiegangIn May 1923, he published a book on ancient history with Mr. Qian Xuantong in the Reading Magazine, an attached journal of Endeavour Weekly, and pointed out that many statements of ancient Chinese history were formed by gradual superposition and layers of accumulation, and the more later, the farther the ancient history was known;The more later, the stories of the ancients will be magnified."The most ancient person in the minds of people in the Zhou Dynasty was Yu. When Confucius arrived, there were Yao and Shun. When the Warring States Period came, there were the Yellow Emperor and Shennong. When the Qin Dynasty came, there were the Three Emperors. After the Han Dynasty, there was Pangu. The central figure in the legend became larger and larger. For example, Shun was just a holy monarch in Confucius' time. When he came to the Yao CodeHe has become a sage of "family unity followed by national governance", and has become a model of filial piety when he comes to Mencius. "After historical research and careful thinking, Gu Jiegang came to the conclusion that "the ancient history of China is caused by layers, and the sequence of occurrence and the system of arrangement are just a reverse".Therefore, Gu Jiegang pointed out that the deeds of Yao, Shun, and Yu, the so-called holy kings, were not credible, and whether their people existed could also be questioned. It should be that the ancient "gods" were later "humanized" and formed. At first, he inspected the evolution process of Dayu from god to man king.This immediately led to a very heated debate, and was also suppressed to a certain extent by the authorities at that time.[8]
name
Shuang Tong said: Shun's eyes are both double pupil benevolence, hence the name Chonghua.In Shangshuwei Emperor's Life Experience, it is recorded that "Yao's sense of pride in China"Zheng XuanNote: "Shun Chonghua was born from the essence of Shun's mother."
appearance
The Corpse Yao Shou Shun Hei
Kong Congzi · Dwell: Shun's body is eight feet tall, and his face is hairless
Xunzi Feixiang: Emperor Yao is long, Emperor Shun is short (Yao is tall, Shun is short)
Zhuangzi · Heaven and Earth: Emperor Shun was bald, but he gave up his hair (Shun wore a wig because of his bald head)
Records of the Historian: Shun's eyes are heavy on pupils (each eye of Shun has two pupils, which overlap each other)
Taiping Yulan The dragon has a big mouth, black, and a length of six feet and an inch.(Dragon's appearance, large mouth, dark skin, and height of 6 feet 1 inch)
History of the Road: Shun was nine feet long, with a big round head, a dragon face, and Riheng.
family circumstances
Shun and his family
Yu Shun had the Yu family as the Dongyi nationality.According to Mencius Lilouxia, "Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to negative summer, died in Mingtiao, and was also a member of Dongyi." Zhufeng's presence in various cities in Shandong is quite consistent with Mencius' statement that Shun is a member of Dongyi. Shun's birthplace and the birthplace of the Yushun family are in today's cities.[15]Shun's family was poor, so he engaged in all kinds of manual labor and experienced hardships.He worked and planted in Lishan when he was the Five Emperors, fished in Leize, and made pottery on the bank of the Yellow River. In the process of these works, Shun's virtue continued to infect people around him, so any place where Shun worked would soon develop into a prosperous place with good people's atmosphere.
famous
Yu Shun's filial piety
It is said that Shun became famous when he was 20 years old. He is famous for his filial piety.He was known as Yang in his youth because he could stick to filial piety to his parents who abused and persecuted him.After 10 years, Yao XiangFour Mountains(The head of the four vassals) After asking for the successor, Siyue recommended Shun.
Yao married his two daughters to Shun to investigate his character and ability.Shun not only made the Second Daughter live in harmony with the whole family, but also showed his talent and noble personality strength in all aspects;"Pottery and riverside wares are not hard to make". Making pottery can also drive people around to work hard, strive for perfection, and put an end to the phenomenon of shoddy manufacturing.Wherever he went, people were willing to follow him, so "he lived in a village in one year, became a city in two years, and Chengdu in three years".Yao was very happy to learn these things and granted ShunEngine clothing(Xige Buyi) and Qin, gave him cattle and sheep, and built a warehouse for him.
reusing
Shun received these rewards,Blind old manandasThey were very jealous. They wanted to kill Shun and seize these properties.The blind old man asked Shun to repair the roof of the barn, but set fire to the barn below.Shun jumped out of the house with two bamboo hats as wings and survived.Later, the blind old man asked Shun to dig a well. The well was deep, but the blind old man and the elephant filled it with earth. They wanted to block the well and bury Shun alive.Fortunately, Shun was alert in advance and dug a passage beside the shaft. He went through the passage and hid for some time.The blind old man and the elephant thought that the plot was successful. They said that he had come up with the idea. He wanted a zither when distributing things, Yao's two daughters to be his wives, and Yao's parents to share cattle, sheep and barns.Elephant lived in Shun's house and played Shun's zither. Shun went to see him. He was surprised and unhappy, but said, "I think of Shun Zheng." Shun also didn't care. As always, he was filial to his parents and friends with his brothers, and was more sincere and prudent than before.
Later, Yao asked Shun to participate in political affairs, manage officials, receive guests and undergo various hardships.Shun not only dealt with the political affairs in an orderly manner, but also improved his employment.Yao failed to use“eight yuan”、“Bakke ”They have long had a reputation for excellence, which has made "eight yuan" manage education and "eight kai" manage land;And“Four murderers”, i.eDihong FamilyHundunShaohaoAn incompetent personPoverty-stricken, Tao Wu, a scholar of the Zhuan Xu familyJinyun FamilyAn incompetent personfeastfulAlthough Yao was notorious, he failed to deal with it, and Shun exiled the "four evil tribes" to remote and wild places.The implementation of these measures shows Shun's general strategy and political ability.
Location doubt
After many tests, Shun was finally recognized by Yao.He chose an auspicious day to hold a grand ceremony, and Yao appointed Shun as his successor《Shangshu》It is called Shun in the middleWenzu”。Because Emperor Yao was old, although De was the Son of Heaven, he began to gradually transfer power to Shun.That is to say, regent Shun refers to the affairs of tribal alliance leaders.
According to the Bamboo Book, Yao's virtue declined in the past and he was imprisoned by Shun.Shun imprisoned Yao in Pingyang and took the throne.Shun released Yao in Pingyang.
The Bamboo Book also said: Shun jailed Yao, Fu Yan killed Dan Zhu, so he would not meet his father.Hou Ji put the emperor's red ink on the red water.
After Shun came to power, it was said that there were a series of major political actions, and a group of people worked hard to make progress.He revised the calendar again, and held ceremonies to worship heaven, heaven and earth, and the gods of mountains and rivers;He also collected the vassals' letter guis, and then chose a lucky day to summon the vassals and princes from all over the country to hold a grand ceremony to reissue the letter guis.In the year when he ascended the throne, he went to various places to patrol, offer sacrifices to famous mountains, summon princes and investigate people's conditions;It was also stipulated that he would patrol once in the next five years to investigate the achievements of the vassals, and clearly set rewards and punishments. It can be seen that Shun paid attention to the connection with the local area and strengthened his rule over the local area.
According to the legend, Shun's strategy of governing the country is also "to use the image to punish, to forgive the five punishments", and to draw the shapes of the five punishments on the utensils to serve as a warning;Replace it with exilecorporal tortureTo show leniency.
According to the legend in the historical records, Yao died only after Shun was regent for 28 years.After three years of mourning, Shun abdicated to Yao's son Danzhu and retreated to the south of the Nanhe River.However, all the princes went to court to see Shun, but they ignored Danzhu;The people who were involved in the lawsuit also complained to Shun, and many folk songs were compiled to praise Yang Shun, but they did not pay attention to Dan Zhu.Shun felt that he could not shirk the wish of the people and the will of heaven, so he returned to the capital and ascended the throne of the Son of Heaven.However, it is said that Shun's capital and Yao's capital are not in the same place.
Political achievements
Written onthe Warring States periodThe unified ideological system can be seen in the Shang Shu, Yao Dian, Gao Taomo, Yu Gong and other articles.Yao Dian describes Yao, Shun, Yu, Gonggong, Siyue, Gaotao, Boyi, Kui, Houji, Shangqi and other state monarchs of different ethnic groups who originally belong to the "alliance of nations and states" according to the practice of holding various official positions in a court, which reflects the author's idea of unity.[16]After Yao's death, Shun made another great political revolution.Previously usedthe third of the three legendary emperors who created the Chinese state、Gaotao、Deed、Discard、Boyi、Kui、Loong、Droop、benefitThe responsibilities of others were not clear. Shun orderedYuto serve asSikong, control water and soil;lifeDiscardFor Tian Chou, in charge of agriculture;Appoint the contract to serve as the apprentice and promote enlightenment;Gao Tao was appointed as a "scholar" to take charge of criminal law;Appoint Chui to be "Gonggong", in charge of Baigong;Ming Yi is in charge of mountains and forests as "Yu";Appoint Boyi to be the "Zhizong" to preside over the ceremony;He appointed Kui as music officer, in charge of music and education;Appoint the dragon to act as "Nayan", responsible for issuing orders and collecting opinions.It is also stipulated that the performance of the government should be inspected once every three years, and the promotion or dismissal should be decided according to the results of the three inspections.Through such rectification, all work has taken on a new look.These people have made brilliant achievements, among which Yu has made the greatest achievement. He devoted himself to harnessing the flood. As an example, he dug mountains and rivers, dredged rivers, and finally overcame the flood, making people all over the world live and work in peace and contentment.
It is said that Shun, who reigned for 39 years after the death of Yao, went to the south to patrol the time and diedCang WuIn the wild, buried in JiangnanJiuyi Mountain, called“Lingling Tomb”。Qu Yuan often mentioned Emperor Shun on the Jiuyi Mountain in the Songs of Chu, like the sentence "Jiuyi is colorful and welcoming, and the spirit comes like clouds", which fully shows that Emperor Shun is a great god commanding the spirits in the local area.[10]
Yu Shun is the blind son.The nature is filial.The father is stubborn, the mother is stubborn, and the younger brother is proud.Shun ploughs in Lishan, some elephants plough for them, and birds plough for them.Such is his sense of filial piety.When Emperor Yao heard about it, he took nine men as his wife and two women as his wife, so he let the world down.
The team plowed elephants in spring and sowed grass and birds one after another.When he ascended the throne, filial piety moved the heart of heaven.
Known as the Five Emperors
Founder of ConfucianismConfuciusAnd successorsMenciusThe most respected figures in ancient times were Yao, Shun and Yu rather than Yan and Huang, so in the Analects of Confucius and Mencius, the two Confucians praised Yao, Shun and Yu and fabricated their history of abdication, but the two Confucians did not bring them into the same blood system, so Mencius Lilouxia said: "Shun was born in Zhu Feng, moved to negative Xia, died in Mingtiao, and the people of Dongyi were also."This should be close to the truth of myth and legend.The name of "Five Emperors" should be the product of the Warring States Period.Before the early Warring States Period, there were many emperors, not limited to five.Ancient books such as Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, The Analects of Confucius, Mozi and Mencius also do not contain the name of the Five Emperors.The name of "Five Emperors" didn't appear until the middle and late Warring States Period. However, in the Warring States Period, although most people called "Five Emperors", their names were different.It was not until the end of the Warring States Period that the "Five Emperors' Virtue" and "Emperor System" made a choice and finally established the names of the five ancient emperors: Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Diku, Emperor Yao, and Emperor Shun.Sima Qian's Records of the Historian adopts the five emperor system of Five Emperors' Virtues and Emperor System. According to the five emperor genealogy listed by Sima Qian, Zhuan Xu is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, Diku is the great grandson of the Yellow Emperor, Yao is the fourth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and Shun is the seventh grandson of the Yellow Emperor.The family background, personality, performance, etc. of the characters originally belonging to the era of myth and legend are clearly written, so that the original ambiguous ancient legends are clearly presented to future generations.[11]
Main impacts
Announce
edit
Emperor Shun
Shun and Yao are the samePre Qin periodThe sage king of ancient times who was respected by Confucianism and Mohism.ShunconfucianAnd has special significance.Confucianism attaches importance to filial piety, and the legend of Shun is also famous for filial piety, so his personality image is just a model of Confucian ethics.Meng ZijiConfuciusLater, he made great contributions to the development of Confucianism. He strongly praised Shun's filial piety, and advocated people to try to keep up with Shun and be a filial son like Shun.He said, "Shun is a human being, and I am also a human being. Shun is the law of the world, which can be passed on to later generations. I (Jude) can not avoid being a countryman, so I can worry about it. What about worry? Just like Shun." He even imagined that Shun was the Son of Heaven, andBlind old mankillingbe arrestedAlthough Shun would not use his power to break the criminal law and pardon him, he must secretly recite his father in prison and escape to the seaside together to live a carefree life, forgetting the position of the Son of Heaven in order to share the happiness of his family.Because of the propaganda of Confucianism, the legend of Shun left a profound impact on Chinese cultural tradition.
Anecdotes and allusions
Announce
edit
Family Story
Shun's family stories were very popular in the Warring States Period. At one time, they only vaguely talked about "the father is stubborn, the mother is stubborn, and the elephant is proud". When they came to Mencius, they gave birth to many vivid concrete deeds. Most of them came from "the language of the savages in Qidong". The Japanese scholar Aoki Zhenger thought in the article "The Composition of the Legend of Yao and Shun",These stories contain a lot of Qilu folk legends.In addition, the deeds of the Empress E and the Second Imperial Concubine Ying added many women's stories out of thin air.This is the reason why Shun and the Second Concubine ranked first in the Biography of Filial Son and Biography of Women in all previous dynasties.In fact, later folk literature gave more play to this, from the Han Dynasty stone relief to the Dunhuang Bianwen Shunzi Bian to the local legends, rap operas and so on, the story of Shun's filial piety has been more fully extended;The story of Shun's Second Concubine was not limited to women's preaching, but gradually developed into a sad and beautiful love.[10]
Yu Shun myth is a typical ancient hero myth.Mr. Yuan Ke, a famous myth expert, believes that the true nature of the myth of Yu Shun is the story of Yu Shun, a hunter, fighting against wild elephants in the northern region: "Shun is called 'Yu Shun', and the meaning of the word 'Yu' is that 'Yu' in Yi · Tun means a hunter, rather than the so-called dynasty name or place name.Shun's younger brother elephant is only an animal elephant, not a person named 'elephant'.Yu Shun, a brave hunter growing in the jungle, was in danger of being killed by wild elephants several times because of their ferocity and cunning in the struggle with wild elephants.Later, with the help of the Heavenly Maiden, the wild elephant was finally defeated and tamed, so that it began to serve mankind in agriculture.The hunter Shun became their leader with the support of the people.According to some fragments of Shun's myth, the original appearance of the ancient myth may be like this. "The existing ancient books and records record the contents of the Yushun myth, mainly including Shangshu, Mencius, Shanhaijing, Chuci Tianwen, Shiji, Biographies of Lienv, Lunheng, etc.From the records in these ancient books, we can roughly outline the main contents of the Yushun myth.[18]
Xiang Fei's Tears
The site of Emperor Shun's Mausoleum Temple Shun was born in a farmer's home in a small village hundreds of miles southwest of Pingyang. His figure is very strange. He has two pupils in his eyes. His palm pattern is like a "praise" word. His head is prominent, his eyebrows are raised, his head is large and round, his face is black and square, and his mouth is large enough to hold fists. The dragon's face and eye corners are named Shun. Shun is a flower, and his name is Hua,The second ranking is Zhonghua (homonym for "Zhonghua").Unfortunately, his mother passed away soon, and his stepmother was surly. Especially after his younger brother, Elephant, was born, he had no good life.At home, Shun could only watch the three sons and daughters born to his stepmother drink and eat enough.However, no matter how his stepmother treated him, he always greeted him with a smile and was modest.One winter, when the weather was very cold, Shun was still wearing only two single clothes, which made him cringe. The old man in the neighborhood Qin couldn't bear to see it. He intervened and hoped that the Yu family could send Shun to study. But the family insisted that Shun herd cattle. Fortunately, the teacher was kind. With the help of the old man in the Qin Dynasty, Shun learned from his teacher that although a man was intelligent,He is talented and benevolent, loyal and harmonious, but the word "learning" is indispensable after all.If you want to learn, you must read. If you want to be able to read, you must first be able to read.He also realized that people should be honest and down-to-earth.
After the end of the winter, Shun was sixteen years old, tall and almost like an adult. From then on, he began to work hard. His stepmother stipulated that he must work all day long, and he was not allowed to go back to eat Chinese food. When someone asked him, he replied, "The farmer is frugal. Two meals a day is enough. Why three meals?" He gradually gained the respect and praise of the local people,But Shun was expelled from his home three times without reason.Although these days were hard, Shun stepped up his study, including Pu Yizi, an eight year old teacher.From Pu Yizi, he learned many principles of sports, including the proper weight of feet, the proper courtesy of hands, the proper end of purpose, the proper silence of mouth, the proper straightness of head, the proper solemnity of qi, the proper morality of standing, impartiality and ruthlessness.
Shun's moral cultivation is getting higher and higher. The people in Lishan, where he has worked for many times, are getting more and more together. He has become a metropolis from a remote place, but he still cannot get the warmth of his family. One day when he was working in the field, he took birds as an example and sang freely: "When you are involved in the mountains of Bili, you will see Cuiwei; when you are involved in the mountains of Bili, you will see birds flying high. When you think about your parents, you will experience farming, and the sun and the moon will gallop forward. When your parents are far away, I will return safely?”Sing and cry out. Shun is already thirty years old,
That's whenEmperor YaoHaving known Shun well, he finally took his two daughtersEhuang NvyingMarry him.Before getting married, Emperor Yao instructed his two daughters: "The most important word in the way of being a wife is' submissiveness'. The manly nature is much stronger; the feminine nature is not good if it is just getting up. It is impossible for a couple to work together in everything. In this case, the wife should always give in at the moment." After marriage, Shun brought his two wives back to see their parents,Unexpectedly, he was rejected by his parents, and his stepmother's younger brother seemed to see the two sister-in-law's stunning looks, and he had an evil idea.After she married Shun, E Huang Nv Ying led a hard life.As if thinking about the beauty of the two sister-in-law, Chang Chengshun went to chat with her sister-in-law when she was not at home, hoping to seduce her sister-in-law by hanging on to her shoulder. Ehuang Nuying was smart, but she did not dare to offend him. She was afraid that he would say something bad about Shun in front of his parents. The more like this, the more intentional she was. She thought that only by killing Shun, could she snatch her sister-in-law.Elephant, through his mother, asked Shun to repair the house and dredge the well, then set fire to the house and sealed the well with mud in an attempt to burn Shun to death and seal Shun in the well to suffocate.Every time, Ehuang Nvying worked together to save Shun, and Shun never remembered the past.
In this series of events, Yao appreciated Shun more. Finally, Yao called Shun to the capital and began to entrust Shun with the important task. Shun recommended talents on a large scale. Shun then "joined the four doors, accepted at the foot of the mountain, not lost by fire, thunder, tigers, wolves, and snakes." So after Yao's death, Shun ascended the throne as the Son of Heaven, with its capital in Pubin.
Shun is diligent in his administration and loves the people. In order to strengthen the relationship between the central government and the local governments, he stipulated that the chiefs of all tribes should visit the emperor in Pubin on a regular basis, and the emperor should also visit all parts of the country as usual. Every time, in addition to the ministers' retinue, the Empress E Nvying would accompany him to take care of his daily life. Three people went together, and they were very kind. Shun had everything to do, and the two women had everything to do with rain and dew.In the midsummer of this year, she came to Dongting Lake. Because the weather was too hot, Ehuang Nvying stayed at Junshan in Dongting Lake, and Shun continued his southern tour.
Ehuang Nvying
That night, Nuying suddenly dreamed of Emperor Shun, who was not like a son of heaven. She was sitting in a Yao cart, supported by Nishi and Yugai, and came down from the sky. She said to her, "I am no longer in the world, so don't be sad. When I am alive, I will be scattered one day.".When Nuying woke up, she was very anxious. She thought about Emperor Shun and hurriedly told Empress E that although Empress E said, "The demon dream is not enough, I'm afraid you are very worried about it. What you do is to remember the dream. Don't worry." But she was also very anxious.Soon, the news of Shun's death in Cangwu Mountain came, and the will that Emperor Shun gave to Empress E's Nvying was also brought: "You must abstain! Form is not like fate, emotion is not like rate. Edge is not separated, rate is not laborious. If you are not separated from labor, then you are not asked for text to wait for form. If you are not asked for text to wait for form, then you are not waiting for things." Hearing the sad news, I felt that all hopes have disappeared. After years of hard struggle,All those years of love and blind date are gone forever.E Huang Nvying shivered and cried for several times, suffering from fire in body and mind.E Huang Nvying became more and more sad day by day, and her health was also damaged. Tears gradually dried up, and drops of blood flowed from her eyes.The dense fog gradually covered the whole Junshan Mountain that night. The lightning flashed in the sky, and the clouds became thicker and thicker. The sky seemed to buckle down. Suddenly, the strong wind rolled the rainstorm and roared, and the Dongting Lake raised huge waves, all of which seemed to shake down Yueyang City.E Huang Nvying's sincere yearning and grief finally moved heaven, and the gods collected their tears and blood tears little by little, and sprinkled them on the green bamboos on the Junshan Mountain of Dongting Lake.In this storm, Ehuang Nvying suddenly became so clear headed.Suddenly it seemed as if Shun was calling them. Both of them were well groomed and dressed, just like Shun who had come back from a long journey, and joined hands in the Dongting Lake.The wind stopped and the rain stopped. The waves were calm. The green bamboos on Junshan Mountain were stained with tears and became the couple of the Second ConcubineShun A symbol of affection.
Dayu Chops the Dragon
The uncanny workmanship is unique in the world. Carve dragons, carve phoenixes and chisel and paint skillfully.Move to the Three Immortals Island of Penglai and lock the dragon dragons into the jade pot.Yubo has made great achievements, and the city is full of good fortune.The wonders in the Zixia Cave near Shunyuan Peak have a long history, and the story of King Yu's killing dragons has been circulating for thousands of years.
It is said that after the death of Emperor Shun, his two concubines went thousands of miles to find their husbands and went to the Sanfeng Stone to cry and die in front of Emperor Shun's tomb.There is a stone box behind the tomb of Emperor Shun, inscribed with the words "Shun Feng".After the Second Concubine died, their maid returned to Beijing with the stone box and handed it to the King of Yu.The King of Yu opened the stone box and took out the posthumous note inside. It said that thirty years ago, when Yu was chiseling the Dragon Gate, a dragon escaped to the east and dived into the clear water rock of the Tianhu Pool. The dragon's horns were pointed and had green hairs on them.Shun had waited for three years and did not see it.Shun told Yu to kill the dragon.After reading the posthumous note, Dayu was enraged.Immediately order Bo Yi, the god of fire, to set up a trap, and Hercules should go down to the Tianhu Lake to catch the dragon.Hate the dragon doesn't come out of the cave.Dayu hastily ordered fire.So the fire burned for seven days and seven nights, killing old Jiaolong.The bluestone rock has also been burnt into a purplish red color, which is as beautiful as the rosy clouds in the west under the sun.After the fierce battle, Boyi wanted to take back his vast net. However, the rope could not be untied. Tianhe, Beidou, Youlong, Lion, Kirin, etc. were all left on the cave wall.Therefore, on the stone wall of Zixia Rock, there are such wonders as golden dragons playing in the water, jade phoenix rising in the sun, seven stars cloth dipper, Ziwei Paigang, rhinoceros watching the moon, and unicorns presenting auspiciousness. On the stone wall of the cave entrance, there is a green horn dragon head, and the Tianhe Spring pours out from the dragon mouth.It is said that this is the old Jiaolong who ran to the mouth of the cave and was burned to death.After the death of the dragon, its skin and flesh turned into fat soil, and its intestines fell to the bottom of the Zixia Cave. It twisted and circled nine times, turning into an Yinhe River. The river flowed in a clear but not muddy way. This is because the dragon drank the Tianhe River water in the Tianhu Pool, known as the "Jiuqu Yellow River".The keel was broken into bone beads. It was blown into the bottom of the cave by the mountain wind and rolled into the zigzag Yellow River. It was eroded and polished by the river water and turned into white, crystal, five edged, six pointed stones. In the dark, it was illuminated by lanterns like red bayberries, so it was called bayberry.
interpersonal relationship
Announce
edit
According to the Records of the Historian, "Yu Shun was named Chonghua. Chonghua's father was called the blind old man, the blind old man was called the bridge ox, the bridge ox was called the quwang, the quwang father was called the honoring kang, the honoring kang father was called the poor cicada, the poor cicada was called the emperor Zhuan Xu, and the Zhuan Xu's father was called Changyi: Shun will be the seventh generation."
Note: Yu Shun, named Chonghua.Chonghua's father is called the blind man, the blind man's father is called Qiaoniu, Qiaoniu's father is called Ju (g ō u, Gou) Wang, Juwang's father is Jingkang, and Jingkang's father is called poor cicada.The father of the poor cicada was Emperor Zhuan Xu, and the father of Zhuan Xu was Changyi: it was seven generations from Changyi to Shun.[2]
relationship
full name
wife
E emperor
Female English
Son
Quotient average
Commemoration for future generations
Announce
edit
temple
Related pictures[3]
The Water Sutra Note cited the "Records of the Three Years of Taikang in Jin Dynasty": "Shun shunned the red ink here, so he named the county. The hundred officials followed it, so there was a hundred official bridge in the north of the county.According to the History of the Road, "Shun's supporting people may eat Shangyu." According to the Miscellaneous Knowledge in Yuezhong, "Yu Shun's sons were granted Yuyao and Shangyu, so they called it Shangyu." (Annals of Wanli County in the Ming Dynasty), Shun said that there were many relics in Shangyu, meaning that when he was patrolling in the south, or when he stayed in the original place, or when he was granted the land of his sons, people felt his kindness, and his sons and grandchildren thought of expressing their virtue.Before the Tang Dynasty, the descendants of Shun built a family temple in Shangyu to offer sacrifices to Shun.
In the first year of Changqing of Tang Dynasty (AD 821), Baiguanli people raised money and built Emperor Shun Temple near the weir head of Baiguanshangjie.In the 23rd year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1843) and the 10th year of the Republic of China (AD 1921), it was rebuilt many times.The Temple of Emperor Shun has become a famous temple with magnificent momentum and magnificent buildings.It was once called one of the two sacrificial rites in Zhejiang.The Great Sacrifice on both sides of Zhejiang: First, Yu Temple was in Shaoxing;One said Shun Temple was in Shangyu.
The Temple of Emperor Shun is about 23 meters wide and has five bays. There is a lotus pond and a stone arch bridge in front of the mountain gate.The temple is more than 100 meters deep.The first entrance is Emperor Shun Temple;There is a full body portrait of Yu Shun.Yu Shun, whose surname is Yao and whose name is Chonghua, is also called Chonghua because of his double eyes.Long face, big mouth, black, six foot one inch long.Yao once asked Shun to go to the big forest. The tiger did not bite him, the snake did not avoid him, and he did not get lost in the storm.The second entrance is Taizu Hall.Shun's great grandfather, whose father was named Ju Wang, was also named Ju Mang. Because he began to plant crops with awn, his quilt was worshipped as the god of spring for worship in all generations, and people expected to harvest every year.The third entrance is the Siyue Temple (the minister appointed by Shun).Each entrance is equipped with a stage, with corridor rooms on both sides.There are stone carvings, brick carvings, wood carvings and reliefs in the temple.It is a masterpiece of skilled craftsmen, such as cornice dragon roof.In front of the temple, there are heavy Chinese stones, which can be hit with sound.There is Shun Well in the north of the temple, one in the east and one in the west.
Fraternity
The World Association of Shun Descendants, headquartered in Hong Kong, is an international clan association with more than ten names, including Yao, Yu, Chen, Hu, Tian, Yuan, Sun, Lu, Che, and Wang. Since 1982, international conferences have been held in various places in turn every year, formerly the World Association of the Most Filial and Benedictive Shun Descendants.
In August 1982, initiated by the Hong Kong Zhixiao Duqin Community, the first annual meeting of the world to Kao Duqin Community Association was held in Hong Kong, and it was decided to organize the World Zhixiao Duqin Community.
On May 15, 1986 (the seventh day of April in the lunar calendar), the 4377th anniversary of Emperor Shun's birth, an enlarged conference of the World Association of Most Filial, Benedictine, and Shun Descendants was held in Taiwan.We should strengthen ties, promote world harmony, and carry forward the spirit of kinship among Shun people with different surname and same lineage.Decides to hold the Friendship Conference in different places in turn every year;There is no fixed club. The secretariat is set up at the location of each sorority as the contact center to handle the affairs of the association.The organizer said that the official ceremony invited representatives of Shun clans with surnames of Chen, Xie, Tang and Xu, the World Association of Shun Clans, the Malaysian Chen Clan Association, and the Cambodian Chen Clan Association of Shun Clans to send congratulatory letters.
In October 1992, the 9th World Supreme Filial Piety and Benevolent Shun Association Conference was held in Kuala Lumpur, which decided to change its name to the World Shun Association and accept the emblem, flag and anthem of the first World Shun Association International Conference formulated by the Chen Family Association of Malaysia for the Association.It was held in Hong Kong in 1982 with an unprecedented grand occasion.Later, it will be hosted by Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and the Americas in turn.
From April 21 to 23, 1999, the 13th International Congress of the World Shun Association was held in Changge County, Henan Province. This was the first time that the organization returned to the motherland to recognize its ancestors.Now it has been held for more than 10 times, which has a great impact.
Character controversy
Announce
edit
He Ku and Jun
The historical process of the integration and unification of the ancient Chinese nationalities was also accompanied by the integration of the Chinese religious systems at the ideological level.This process is dominated by the ruling ethnic groups at each stage, so it is an inevitable choice to integrate the gods of other ethnic groups with the ancestors of their own creation myths.Therefore, Gun Yu, the ancestor of Xia people, became the successor of the merchant god Ye (Jun, Ku, Shun) in the Book of History. Later, in the Guoyu, Shanhaijing, Shiben, and Shiji, the ancestors of Xia, Shang, and all ethnic groups became the descendants of the ancestor of Zhou people, the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor was the ancestor of 25 branches.In the myth of Chu silk books, Fuxi became the coordinate of uniting the gods of Xia, Shang and Zhou. In the Han Dynasty, because Liu Bang was a Chu person, Fuxi gradually became the god ancestor of all the Chinese families in the process of ideological integration. The ancestors and gods of all the first nationalities were integrated into the Fuxi lineage, or integrated with it, or directly or indirectly became their descendants and subordinates.Therefore, the relationship between the gods in ancient China has the characteristics of "a long history of gods".[9]
The name of Emperor Ku first appeared in the historical materials of the Spring and Autumn Period.《The Book of Rites·The Sacrifice Law says "Yin Ren Ku", while the Guoyu · Luyu says "Merchants Ku Shun". Wei Zhao of the Three Kingdoms believed that "Shun" was a mistake of "Ku".Inscriptions on oracle bones of Yin Ruins containing merchantsGao ZuKui, according to Wang Guowei, was named as "Emperor Ku" because of the wrong shape“All”。Therefore, it is differentiated from Kui God intolegendary ruler of remote antiquityThe two gods are found in《shanhaiching》In the myth, only "Zhe" wrote "Dijun", the most important and prominent god in the book."Emperor Ku" was mentioned only occasionally two or three times, while "Emperor Shun" was another god.Self JinGuo PuUntil modern times, most scholars believed that "Shun" came from "Ye".It can be concluded that Ku, Jun and Shun were differentiated from Kui, the same god.(Please refer to the Shanhai Classic, Guo Pu's Annotation, Hao Yixing's Annotation, Bi Yuan's New Correction, Wang Guowei's Examination of the First Duke of Yin and the First King, Guo Moruo's Ancient Society Studies, Buci Tongbian, and Yuan Ke's Annotation of the Shanhai Classic).
Later, only "Ku" and "Shun" entered the historical literature.Most people said that he had a contract with Jane Deen.Shun kept his status as the ancestor god of the Shang tribe in Guoyu (Wei Zhao has been changed to Ku), and other documents were developed together with Yao, becoming the two emperors before the "Three Kings" and losing the status of Shang ancestor.Later, because he merged with Xia Yu, Houji and other tribes to form the Huaxia nationality, Diku was listed into the Yellow Emperor's lineage (see the Book of Rites of Dadai · The Emperor's Lineage) as the grandson of Shaohao, becoming an important one of the two parallel lineages with Zhuan Xu, and he was arranged as the father of Yao, Zhi, Qi and Ji.Because this lineage was compiled in the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Ji was listed as the eldest son, and Shang Qi as the second son, so the East and West, which were originally opposed, were merged into brothers.When the first "Five Emperors Theory" was put forward in Five Emperors' Virtue, he became one of the Five Emperors;The second and third two "Five Emperors" said that there was no him;The fourth "Five Emperors Theory" has him.As for his relationship with the Gaoxin family, just like the relationship between Zhuan Xu and the Gaoyang family, it was not until the Five Emperors' Virtue and the Emperor's System that he was integrated into one, which later became a historical certainty.[12]
Abdication theory
The advocates of the "abdication theory" should push Confucianism and Mohism, and its ideological basis should be the theory of "upholding virtue".The theory of abdication reflects the requirements of the reform of the political system of the family since three generations. It advocates that those who have virtue have the world, and those who have no virtue lose the world.Those who are cruel and immoral can be punished and killed. The saints with virtue should regard the world as the most important, impartial and selfless. They should not regard the world as their own. They should elect the successors who can succeed the world.In order to put their theories into practice in the world, they cast their eyes into the remote ancient times, and fabricated the story of mutual abdication of Yao, Shun and Yu. This is what later generations call "reform by relying on the ancient system".[17]
In order to appear true, the characters in their ancient myths and legends cannot appear in the face and identity of a god, but should be real people with seven emotions and six desires. So the gods in the mythical world have changed their appearance, completely removed their spirit, and sat on the throne of the world's emperors. The Yellow Emperor no longer has four faces, nor is he the commander in chief in the mythA warrior hero who drives animals.In order to cooperate with the theory of abdication, people made up the books of Yao and Shun, such as Yao Dian and Gao Taomo. In the Yao Dian, the gods in all ancient myths became sages and bowed down to become ministers. Xihe, the wife of the emperor Jun, who had been born for ten days, became the leader of Yao's calendar, who "looks like the sun, the moon, the stars, and the time". Kui, the sacred animal in the flowing mountains of the East China Sea, became Yao's music officer. Ji, QiGao Tao, Chui and Yi became Yao's agricultural officer, Situ, judge, skillful officer and Yu officer respectively.The praise to Yao, Shun and Yu is, in the final analysis, to promote the theory of abdication.In fact, Shun, who came from the Dongyi tribe, would never be the same race as Yu, who rose in the central and western regions, and the fictional Yao did not know where he came from. Yao, Shun, and Yu were all descendants of the Yellow Emperor, which was a forced argument of later generations.The result was that the great gods in the myth entered the system of man king, which directly led to the historization of the myth.[17]
Birthplace
Argument 1：
Zhu Feng, a dependency of Zhucheng in Shandong Province, according to the Research on Yanhuang Clan Culture《Mencius·Lilou, Zhifang Map, Zhucheng County Annals, Historical Sites Research《Compendium of Chinese General History》（historianBy)《Chinese History Manuscript》（Guo MoruoThe Record of Chinese Emperors (written by Yang Jianyu) is all about citiesZhu FengIt is the birthplace of Shun.The second is Linfen, Shanxi, according to the people of the Qing DynastyGu Zuyu《Fang Yu's summary of history reading·Pingyang Mansion on the third day of Shanxi Province: "There is Zhufeng Mountain, forty miles to the northeast of the county." Mencius said: "Shun was born to Zhufeng, and that's where it is."The existing Shun Temple was destroyed by flood in 1974, and then moved west to the west bank of Weihe River.
Dashun Garden
Argument 2: Yaoxu
It is said that Shun was born in the Tang Dynasty《Include geographical records》The recorded location is in the southeast of Pucheng Town, Fan County, Puyang, Henan Province, on the north bank of today's Wanli Mother River.Another saying is in YuyaoShandongHezeJuancheng CountyIn the north (Juancheng in Shandong Province and the western half of Fan County in Henan Province were one county before 1940, namely Pu County in Shandong Province), there is also a saying in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province.According to the Records of the Historian, Shun's father, "The blind old man was surnamed Gui, and his wife was named Wudeng. Seeing the rainbow, he was born Shun in Yao Ruins, so his surname was Yao." Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty said in Shuowen Jiezi, "Yao, Yu Shun lived in Yao Ruins, because he thought his surname was Yao." The Emperor's Century by Jin Huangfu Mi also said, "Shun was born in Yao Ruins." The Bamboo Chronicle also said, "Shun was born in Yao Ruins." The above three documents all said that Shun was born in Yao Ruins.Archaeologists believe that Yaoxu should be located in Pucheng Town, Fan County, Puyang, Henan Province, orShandongHezeJuancheng CountyBecause Shun was mainly active in ancient Puzhou (today's Henan FanxianShandongJuancheng）One Belt.
Governing the capital
Argument 1: Shundu Puban (Pingyang, Shanxi)
Tang dynastyLi TaiThe Chronicles, Puzhou, Hedong County: "The city of Puban, two miles south of Hedong County, is the capital of Shun. There is Shun Temple in the city, Shun Well and the altar of two concubines outside the city."
The Records of Lishan at the Beginning of Yongchu in the Song Dynasty also said: "There is Shun Temple in Puban City, and Shun House and the altar of two concubines outside the city."
《Water injection》He said, "Luoshui passes through the old city of Panxian County, or the capital of Yunshun."《Include geographical records》As the saying goes, "Shun is located in Huairong County, where Shun Temple is located three miles north of the county, and Shun Well is located in the outer city." The Historical Records also says, "Shun, a native of Jizhou, lives inGuirui。”
Jinan was called Lixia in ancient times. It got its name from Lishan《spring and autumn》, the source is the earliest.In addition, Shun cultivated in Lishan of Jinan, which has been popular throughout the ages and is mostly recorded.Historian of Northern Wei DynastyWei ShouHe once served as the governor of Qi State and wrote a poem named "Climbing Shun Mountain in Qi State".Northern Wei DynastyLi Daoyuan《Water injection·Ji Shui records that "(Licheng) faces the mountain in the south of the city, and there is Shun Temple on the mountain... Shun cultivates Lishan in the Book, which is also said to be here..." A famous scholar in the Northern Song DynastyZeng Gong，XiningFive years (1072), he served as the governor of Qizhou and wrote an article called "Records of Two Chapters in Qizhou", which refutedZheng XuanAccording to the statement of Lishan in Shanxi, it is pointed out that all the geographical maps in the past dynasties said that the Nanshan (Qianfo Mountain) in Qizhou was Lishan and was the place where Shun cultivated.Zeng Gong thought it was credible.However, some people believe that although Lishan is in Jinan, it is not the Qianfo Mountain in the south of the city.Tang dynastyTo seal a performance《Feng's Record of Hearing and Seeing》Volume 8 says: "In the east of Qizhou City, there are isolated stones rising from the flat ground, which is popularly known as Lishan Mountain; in the north, there is a spring, named Shun Well; in the east, across the street, there are stone wells, which can be used to draw water. Clouds are the wells of Shun's master family." Shun Well was originally in the east room of a residential compound, under the large table at the gate, there was a well, and a small mountain head less than one meter above the water surface.In 1976, during the construction of the dormitory of Jinan Municipal Metallurgical Bureau, this historic site was obliterated.In 1976, there were still many place names and shop names named after Shun in Jinan. Shungeng Primary School, Shungeng Middle School, Shungeng Road, Shunjing Street, Shunjing, etc. can be studied, which shows the deep influence of Shun.The Shuijingzhu also says: "Lok Water Valley is called E Jiang (English) Water. It is also because of the E Ying Temple at the source of the spring". It means that there is an Imperial Daughter Ying Temple near Baotu Spring. The canal formed by the spring is called E Ying River.Therefore, the section of Luoshui into the ancient Daming Lake, also known as the E Ying River, confirms that Shun's family life has long been associated with Lishan and Luoshui in Jinan.From the literature, the records of Shun and Lishan in Jinan are the most abundant and the most continuous records in all dynasties.
Dispute II: Old Shandong ProvincePuzhou(also known as Puxian County, PuyangJuancheng, Zhen Yi, now under the jurisdiction of Fan County, Henan Province and Shandong ProvinceHezeJuancheng）Lishan
PuzhouWith a long history, it is one of the areas developed earlier by the Chinese nation, known as "ancient -".The written history can be traced back to the period of the Five Emperors.《Taiping Huanyu》"Puzhou, today's governanceJuancheng County。The old soil of ancient Kunwu, the ruins of Zhuanxu. "《Lu's Spring and Autumn Period》According to: "Yao buried the grain forest, and Shun ploughed inLishan, Taoyu by the riverside, YuyuLeiser。”Valley forest, riversideLeiserAll inPuzhouDomestic.
Lishan Mountain in the south of Puban, the capital of Shun, is located at the west end of Zhongtiao Mountain in the south of Yongji City (ancient Puzhou), Shanxi Province. Where Shun cultivated, Lishan Village is now located (now under the jurisdiction of Ruicheng County).Yongji Lishan Mountain is the earliest Lishan Mountain recorded in ancient books. In the north of the mountain, there is the "Two Concubines' Altar", which is also called the place for offering sacrifices to Ehuang and NvyingEhuang NvyingLing.
According to the Records of the Historian, the Five Emperors' Chronicle, "Shun ploughed the mountains and all the people who lived in the mountains gave way to the banks."Zheng XuanLishan is in the east of the river.To the east of the river is ShanxiYongji(Ancient Puzhou), Han DynastyHedong CountyZheng Xuan was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and most historians believe that Zheng Xuan was from the east of the river.Lishan Mountain in Yongji was first seen in historical records《shanhaiching·It is recorded in the Zhongshan Sutra: "The head of the thin mountain is called the mountain of sweet dates... It is twenty miles to the east, called the Li'er Mountain."Bi YuanIt said, "This thin mountain is the Puzhou Mountain in Shanxi Province." The Mountain of Li'er is also the Mountain of Li'er, which is in the south of today's Puzhou. Those who pass through the clouds and speak slowly.Li DaoyuanThe Shuijingzhu alone said that there is Lishan in the south of the county, which is called the calendar view.Where Shun ploughed.Li Daoyuan commented on Lishan in other places: "More casesZhouchuThis ambition is not close, but it can be confirmed if there is doubt.Anke fake wood has a different name, which is attached to the special name of Mountain. It strongly introduces Shun, that is, Bining soil. "
According to the Records of the Historian, "Shun was born in Pubin (today's Yongji City), fished in Huoze (today's Yangcheng County), and cultivated in Lishan Mountain." With a total area of 4000 mu, the top of the mountain is flat, and the natural green grass is like a blanket. On the top of the mountain are the relics of Shun Gengli Mountain, the monument of the ancient temple, the South Heaven Gate, and the Dragon Cutting Platform.Standing at the highest peak of Shunwangping - Nantianmen, you can watch the sunrise in the morning, the sunset in the evening and the Yellow River in the distance.When you climb the plateau at night, you can see the stars, just like millions of pearls covering the earth.In the mountain path, the birds sing and the flowers smell intoxicating.In spring, summer, autumn and winter, there are scenic spots throughout the year. In addition, the Yeren Mountain Manor, yurts and other scenic spots have been newly built, so that tourists can climb mountains and enjoy sights and forget to return.It was recorded in the Annals of the County in the Qing Dynasty edition that "the ancient emperor's ploughing place has lost the track of thousands of years. When he raises his head close to the mountain, he sees the disordered peak low. When flowers bloom, he hears the path, and the spring water crosses the distant stream. When the Yellow River is seen from afar, the sky is red."
The mountains are not high, and immortals are famous. It is said that in ancient times, Emperor Shun first cultivated here, and his reputation was far and wide,Emperor YaoHe came to visit and asked Shun to go down the mountain to help the government. Shun refused and left in anger.Later, Emperor Yao pleaded again and again. Shun felt his sincerity and went out to manage politics.In memory of Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun, later generations sought talents and worked hard at the historic sites.The mountain was named "Shun Geng Shan", and the place where Emperor Yao crossed the river was named "Yao Du" (that isYaodu Town）。"Lishan Relics" has been one of the eight scenic spots in Dongliu County since it was founded. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taoist and Buddhist believers came here to build temples and temples. Numerous scholars came here to visit and win, recite poems and compose fu, and write scenery to express their feelings. Among thousands of poems, politicians, scholars and farmers in the Northern Song DynastyFan ZhongyanThe poem "Shun Temple" is well written: "It is as towering and meritorious as the sun for thousands of years; Yu finally levelled the river, and Shun took care of the wind; outside the river and sea, heaven and earth are in the middle; villagers do not know this, Xiao Gu thanks for the abundance of years." Later generations named the stone pool in front of Daozhen Temple as "Shun Pool", which was dried up all the year round without a drop of rain;As things have changed for thousands of years, the Xunzhen Temple, Caogui Temple and Shun Temple have already been destroyed, but only Yaochi and Shunchi are still recorded in historical data.
Dispute VI: Lishan, Yongkang, Zhejiang
Shun Lake and other landscapes related to "Shun" are built in the mountain, but no historical data is found.
Argument VII: Lishan, Yuyao, Zhejiang
Yuyao and Shangyu are the areas with the most Shun relics.
Northern Wei DynastyLi Daoyuan《Water injection·Download the Huzi River:LeiserNorth.It lies more than ten miles northwest of the old city of Dachengyang County, more than twenty miles east and west, and fifteen miles north and south, that isShunAll the fish.Southeast of the riverChengyang County。”[22]
Tang Dynasty《Include geographical records·PuzhouLeize CountyDownloads: "PuzhouLeize County, Chengyang County of the Han Dynasty, 91 miles to the east (south) of Puzhou... Lei Xiaze is located in the northwest outside the north (north) of Puzhou's Leize County. "[22]
According to the article of "Records of Yuanhe County Puzhou" of the Tang Dynasty“Leize County, Ben HanChengyang County, Ancient Chengbo State, King Wu of Zhou granted his younger brother Ji Zai (should be Ji Wu)Chengyang。Hanwei County, belonging toJiyin County。It was set here in the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang of the Sui DynastyLeize County, named after North Lei Xiaze of the county, is located in PuzhouLei Xiaze, outside the north wall of the county, will be in the same town as Ju and Ju. "[22]
The water area of Leize was very large in ancient timesJuancheng CountySoutheastHeZe More than ten in the NortheastLongshan CultureThe distribution of the remains can be proved.After thousands of years of Yellow River siltation, by the Northern Wei Dynasty《Water injection》As the saying goes, "more than 20 li from east to west, and 15 li from south to north".[22]
After Jianyan in the Song Dynasty, the Yellow River broke repeatedly and the water ran awayHezeThe territory has lasted for 500 years. Four lakes and ten rivers in the territory have been buried and silted up into flat land. Fifty two ancient cities in the pre Qin and Han Tang dynasties have been buried six to eight meters underground.[22]
Although Leize has been annihilated to the ground《unabridged dictionary》、《etymology》, Dictionary of Chinese History and Geography and other reference booksLeiserThe explanation ofHezeIn China, there is nothing else to say.[22]
Luo Bizai, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty《History of roads》Li Shan Kao, written by Zhong Te, said:“LeiserIf you don't hear about it, farming and fishing will not be far apart. That is to say, PuzhouLeiser。”Edited by Mr. Tan Qixiang《Atlas of Chinese History》It is the scientific research achievements of thousands of scholars today.The atlasLeiser、LishanMarked onChengyangNorthwest of the city.This once again shows that the ancientYanzhouofLeiser, todayShandongprovinceHeZe NortheastJuancheng CountyThe southeast has become the consensus of ancient and modern scholars.[22]
According to textual research, this is the most correct statement. Shun mainly lived around Puzhou (today's Juancheng, Shandong Province)。
Dispute 2: South of Yongji City, Shanxi Province
Lei Zeyi said that in today's Yongjinan, Shanxi ProvinceLei Shoushan。Puze is in Lishan, the east of Wushan, but not in the west. There is a thunderhead mountain, but there is no marsh at the foot of the mountain.It made Lei Zeshan's statement lose the support of the factual basis.
Dispute 3: Pingliang, Gansu
Leize is Guanshan Tianchi.Longshan Mountains.Also known as Liupan Mountain, Liupan Mountain is the source of water flowing into the Weihe River.Therefore, the ancients also called Longshan Mountain "Guishan" or岍 Mountain。I also wrote about Yongshan and mistook it for Guan Shan.Guanshan was also called Wushan and Wuyue in ancient times.The Eastern Classic of the Great Wilderness says that Lei Ze is in the west of Wu, which should be the west of Wu Yue.archaeologistFan SanweiAccording to this, Mr. Zhao Naqiu is now Lei Ze at the west foot of Zhuanglang Taomu in Pingliang, Gansu Province.In addition,Zhuanglang CountyAndFuxi、NuwaActivity area AncientEpoch(i.e. Qin'an County, Tianshui City) anddadiwan site （Qin'an County）Adjacency;Chaonaqiu has many mysteries, such as many single stones scattered around, the water level drops when people draw water, there are no birds in the sky, and the technicians have no conclusion of depth when measuring, etc.Sacrifice in the Qin DynastyHuashan MountainAmong the seven famous mountains and four great rivers in the west, the famous mountains include Wu Yue, and the famous rivers include Chaona, which is the representative of QiuyuanYangtze RiverAnd the Yellow River, which shows the importance of Chaona.
Shunke Mountain in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province is the hometown of Shun among the three kings of Yao, Shun and Yu.
According to textual research, there are many Shun relics left around Shunke Mountain.
On Shunke Mountain, people found many stone pots, stone axes, stone ploughs, etc. of the Stone Age, which were said to be used by Shun for production and living.
According to textual research, between 5000 and 4000 years ago, Taihu Lake basin developed into one of the developed regions in China, with advanced agriculture, and rice is the main agricultural product.The legendary Shun was honest and kind, and the villagers were willing to get close to him.Shun taught villagers how to plant rice in Shunke Mountain.On Shunke Mountain, there is a "Emperor Shun hoes the seal stone".It is said that Shun was anxious for the people and left behind by hoeing stones when there was drought and no rain that year.
There is a Shunhuang Temple built locally, which has a long history and a large scale. There are two ginkgo trees in front of the gate. The tree is very large and needs four people to embrace. It can be seen that the temple has a long history.There is a huge stone in front of the temple with two clear footprints.According to the old people, Emperor Shun was upset and stamped his feet when he saw the Taihu Lake overflowing.
Later, Shun left for Shanxi for a reason.It is said that Shun lost his mother when he was young. His father was incompetent and immoral, so he married his stepmother.The stepmother was insidious. After giving birth to a son, she planned to kill Shun.That year, the stepmother set a fire on the hut where Shun lived and tried to burn Shun to death.Shun decided to run away from home and came to the Yellow River basin in order not to let his stepmother bear the bad name of killing children and his father be embarrassed. This was the story of the three kings' "abdication" later.
(1) Legend
It is said that in ancient times, when Emperor Shun was a citizen, he once worked under the Doushan Mountain in Wuxi.
Doushan has a beautiful and moving legend of Emperor Shun.Emperor Shun, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, was said to have worked in Doushan. His spirit of hard work touched heaven. Heaven sent him good weather, sent elephants to plow for him, and swallows to sow for him.He loves the people and benefits them: "Run the heaven and earth, know the weather, pity all living beings, protect all things, love animals and animals, and be friendly", and advocates the public morality of "harmony between heaven and man, and common prosperity of all things".
Shun also assiduously assisted Emperor Yao in governing the world. After 28 years of hard work, he was trusted and valued by Emperor Yao. Finally, as his successor, Shun abdicated the leader of the tribal alliance (the throne) to Shun, creating a peaceful and prosperous era called "Tang Yao Yu Shun" in ancient history.
Perhaps this is just a legend, but it has been passed down through the ages. The folk song "Emperor Shunke sits in the Dragon Pavilion, and the people of the world enjoy peace" is still popular among the masses.Doosan has the remains of "Emperor Shun's ploughing place", "shelter stone", "nail palladium seal", etc.In the northwest of Doushan, there is the "West Shun City" (called West Shun Township in the Song Dynasty) where Emperor Shun once lived, in the northeast, there is the "East Shun City", in the northwest, there is Emperor Shun Well in Chengjiang Town, in the west, there are Shunke Baidang sites and relics and other cultural landscapes.Doosan also has Emperor Shun Hall, with a statue of Emperor Shunke inside.
(2) Evaluation of Antiquity School
At the beginning of the last century, the skepticism school believed that the legend of Yao, Shun and Yu appeared later, and Yao and Shun were later than Yu.But the story of Yao, Shun and Yu's abdication really reflects the situation at the end of the primitive society. Although it is a legend, it has its historical value.Some scholars especially pointed out that Shun appointed "Ba Yuan", "Ba Kai" and so on, each taking charge, reflecting that the tribal alliance council has begun to transform into a noble council.It shows that using historical materialism to study the legend of Shun will help us understand the clues of historical development during the collapse of primitive society.
The historical legend of Shun ploughing the mountains was first seen in Mozi Shangxianzhong: "The ancient Shun ploughed the mountains, the Tao River was close to the river, and the fishing thunder was shining".Later, in the writings of various schools of thought, many legends about Shun's farming on Lishan Mountain were reported.In the Western Han Dynasty, the historical legend of "Shun Geng Li Shan" was paid more attention to by people through the collation and reporting of the "Records of the Historian · Five Emperors' Chronicles" by the Taishigong.After the Eastern Han Dynasty, a striking cultural phenomenon is that the tracing of "Shun ploughed Lishan" and the analysis of the specific meaning of "Lishan" and other places can be said to be inexhaustible in many ancient book annotations, including the Records of the Historian;It can be seen from time to time in all kinds of works on public places and even in documents such as local chronicles, and has lasted until modern times.
Trichite
Sanfen Stone, also known as Sanfeng Stone, is a hundred miles south of Ningyuan County. It is the highest peak of Jiuyi Mountain.It is said that it is the burial place of Shun, so it is also called Shun Peak.
Three peak stone
Three pieces of stone are like three pieces of jade shoots, standing in a tripod.The distance between peaks is 5 li.The peak is precipitous and penetrates into the sky.According to the Records of Jiuyi Mountains, "The three peaks stand side by side like jade shoots and corals, on which there are peach stones, chessboard stones, stepping stones, horse trace stones, and incense burner stones, which are full of ears and natural in shape. There are graves in the middle, with copper as the monument. The handwriting is lost and unrecognizable, or it is suspected to be the tomb of Shun."
How did Sanfen Stone come from?It is said that when Emperor Shun was making a tour to the south, he climbed this peak one day to investigate the beauty of mountains and rivers.At noon, he and his attendants had a picnic at Fengtou, and they were drunk.The wine pot was forgotten on the peak.A roc happened to fly to this mountain. When he saw a pot of wine, he dived down and pecked with his sharp beak. Then the stone pot was divided into three pieces and turned into a three peak stone.The rest of the jade liquid turned into endless spring water, which is the source of Xiaoshui.
Now, on the Three Peaks Stone, the spring is really gushing, the water pouring from the cliff is like white practice hanging in the air, the smoke is like fog, the water is rushing against the stone, and the waves are thundering.One of them is the source of Xiaoshui, commonly known as the "Father River", flowing west to the foot of Jiuyi Mountain.
Stele of King Shun
The King Shun Monument, known as the "King Shun Dragon Monument", inscribed with seven characters "Emperor Shun has the Mausoleum of Yu", was originally on a three part stone, and then moved to the side of Shun Temple by the Dayang Stream.There is also a legend about the cause of migration.
Emperor Shun Mausoleum
It is said that during the reign of Emperor Shun, nine evil dragons appeared in Jiuyi Mountain, which were located in "Panlong Cave" and "Jiuyi Rock", endangering people's lives.When Emperor Shun heard about his southern tour, he walked through three lakes and four rivers, saw five mountains and mountains, and finally came to the Jiuyi Mountains.He led the people to fight for three years and killed four dragons in Jiuyi Rock;After three years of war, he killed four dragons in Panlong Cave.After another three years of war, Fang killed the old Jiaolong in the Stone Sky Lake of Sanfeng.Emperor Shun fought hard for nine years, and finally fell ill under the Three Peaks Stone.On his deathbed, Gao Tao, the minister, asked him what he wanted to do. He said, "Don't bury them in a thick way. Just choose a loess plateau under the Three Peaks Stone and bury them in a tile coffin and cloth cloth." Finally, he pointed to the Tianhu Pool on the Three Peaks Stone and drove the dragon back to heaven.After Shun's death, people carved a 3000 kg dragon tablet and stood under the Sanfeng Stone.
Gao Tao thought, this place is too dangerous. It's better to move to the Dayang River.On the day of enlightenment, the monument was too heavy for thirty strong men to lift.At this time, several white cranes flew from the sky, and two elephants came from the ground.The elephant rolled up the tombstone with its trunk and walked, with the white crane leading the way.When we came to the Huanglong Cave in Xiongjia Mountain, suddenly a white haired old man came out of the cave and said with a smile, "Born in the Imperial City, died in Jiuyi Mountain. The white crane came to lead the way, and the elephant came to carry the funeral." Then he shook himself into a yellow dragon and waved his teeth and feet, not allowed to be buried here.The elephant had to go forward again, past the Ma Ti Ao, through the Big Sang Tang, and came to a big rock.This big rock is very strange. It is three hundred zhang high and goes straight to the sky.Rock shaped like a dragon, dragon horn, longan, longxu and longya are complete.At the foot of the mountain, there are two dragon springs in the west.The White Horse Immortal also piled a crown on the top of the mountain with random stones, and put a jade belt on the mountain.This is really the place where dragons hide and phoenix live.When the elephant placed the dragon tablet, it was three feet into the ground, standing upright in the middle.So, the Emperor Shun and the Dragon were lowered down the stone ridge, and the earthen coffins were built. Crowds of white cranes took purple clam shells from all directions and filled the earthen coffins. This is the origin of the "earthen coffins and shell graves".
Gao Tao Jielu is an nunnery and has been guarding the Shun Mausoleum.After his death, he turned into a green pine and grew on the rock beside the tomb, standing like a general, guarding Emperor Shun who was sleeping on the ground.
Shunjing, Jinan
In the early years, the south gate of the old city of Jinan was called Shuntian Gate, because ancient history said that the great Shun was in theLishanThe reason for farming.Lishan was also called Shungengshan and Shunshan, but it was not commonly known as Qianfo Mountain until the Tang Dynasty.
Shun Jing's deeds can be seen in《Mencius》And other ancient books.It is reported that Dashun lost his mother when he was young, and his stepmother and brother persecuted him in many ways.They cheated Dashun to find a well, and then fell into the well. Fortunately, there was a cave in the wall of the well, and Dashun was able to escape.However, Da Shun also excavated a spring, which was called Shun Spring or Shun Well.
Shunquan has been recorded in the official history of all dynasties. It is generally said that it is under the Lishan Mountain. Only in the records of the Tang Dynasty can it be clearly stated that it is here.In the Song Dynasty, Xi called it Shunquan, and it was written by Ouyang Xiu, a famous litterateur《Shun Quan Poems》It was written by Su Shi and became a famous landscape.The shape of Shun Spring has changed many times. In the Tang Dynasty, two wellheads were built on the spring, and later only one well was left.In 1976, an iron chain was hung on the wellhead.It is said that Dayu subdued a dragon that destroyed the river during flood control, locked it in the well, and said that it would not be released until the iron tree bloomed. This legend may be hyped by the Taoists in Shun Temple that year.
There is a courtyard behind Shun Well, called Shun Temple, or Shun Temple.Qiu Chuji named it "Yingxiang Palace".There are stone tablets for examination.
Shun Jingyuan was in Shun Temple on Nanmen Street.Shun Temple is located in the west of the street, with a broad courtyard, towering palaces and verdant pines and cypresses. It was once known as "Songyun Nanxun", and was listed as one of the sixteen scenic spots in Jinan.In the temple, there is a stone tablet of Yingxiang Palace written by Zhang Qiyan, the top scholar and historian of Jinan in the Yuan Dynasty, and the famous writer Zhang Yanghao. Because it is a treasure of cooperation between the two heroes in Jinan, it is known as the treasure of Jinan's town.
On April 11, 1996, Guo Guo'an, the then president of the Planning and Design Institute, and Yang Yeping, the designer, started the process of searching for Shunjing Monument.At that time, Guo, Yang and others first came to Qianjin Village in the southern suburbs to find Sun Chunzheng, a group leader of the village, as a guide, and went up along the Baiyun Lake Dam. Later, they came to Shunjingchong, a place called Shunjingchong, where they met old man Wang Chengyu and mother-in-law Su Jinshou who were herding cattle. At that time, they were both in their sixties.The old man led Guo, Yang and others to the Shunjing site and talked about their childhood experiences.Old Wang Han talked about carrying water in Shun Well when she was young. Grandma Su said that she washed clothes by the well when she was a child.The diameter of the wellhead is about two meters, and it is built into a square blue brick foundation.There is a pavilion on the well, called Shunjing Pavilion.There is a stele in the pavilion, with the words "Shun Well" written on it.There is a temple on the top of Shunjing Chong Mountain, which is called Shunjing Temple.The temple was demolished in 1955, the pavilion was destroyed in 1966, and the well was filled during the Cultural Revolution.
Half a century later, Suizhou City has gone through many vicissitudes;Shunjingchong, who used to herd cattle in the past, has not seen cattle and grass for a long time;Now it has been covered by many tall buildings.According to the analysis of the comrades from the Cultural Relics Department, the Shunjing site should be in the courtyard of the Municipal State Tax Bureau.
Fortunately, the Shun Well Stele was recovered.According to Su Jinshou's mother-in-law, when her son got married in 1957, in order to fill the ground in front of his house, she moved a monument to the pond as a bridge stone.All villagers come and go through the stele;When the woman washed clothes, the tablet was used to beat the clothes.Many old people in the village are illiterate, so they don't know the preciousness of the monument.Then came the ten year catastrophe. Although the young people were literate, the cultural relics were regarded as feudal pernicious. It was inevitable that the Shunjing Stele was trampled on by people.
Back on April 11, 1996, Guo Guoan, Yang Yeping and others heard that the stone tablet was still there, so they came to her home with Grandma Su. They saw a piece of blue stone slab about 1.5 meters long and 0.8 meters wide lying on the water's edge. They were very happy: Is this really a stone inscription of Shunjing?They squatted at the water's edge and touched the bottom of the monument with their hands.At this time, the captain Sun Chunzheng called several farmers working in the fields to lift the stone tablet from the water and clean the mud. The word "Shun Well" appeared on the tablet, which surprised everyone.The character is Yan, which is large, vigorous, upright, rigorous, and elegant.
Now Shunjing Stele is preserved in the Municipal Planning and Design Institute, but it is broken in two.According to experts, this Shun Well Stele is a stele of the Song Dynasty.According to historical records, the Shun Well was indeed dug by Emperor Shun, but the stone tablet beside the well was first erected by the county magistrate of Suizhou in the pre Qin period, then destroyed in the post Qin period, and new ones were erected in the Song Dynasty.At that time, the stele seat was also found, which was conical with a wedge mouth in the middle.It is said that the stele is still left in Baiyun Mountain.Although the Qin stele was destroyed, the Song stele still exists, which is indeed a blessing in the history of Suizhou's cultural relics.
Historical data index
Announce
edit
《Bamboo ChronicleFive Emperors：In the past, Yao's virtue declined and he was imprisoned by Shun.Shun imprisoned Yao in Pingyang (now Jindian Town, 18 miles southwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province) and took the throne.Shun banished Yao to Pingyang.Shun jailed Yao, and Fuyan killed Dan Zhu, so that he would not meet his father.
《Mozi》: The ancient Shun ploughed the mountains, Tao Riverside, and Yu Lei Ze.Yao was able to serve the sun, grant the government, and make the world level.
《pipe》: Shun did not punish severely and imposed severe prohibitions, but the people returned.
《Han FeiziDoubts: Shun forced Yao, Yu forced Shun, Tang released Jie, and King Wu conquered Zhou. These four kings are also known to the world as their ministers killed their kings.
《Redords of the Grand History of China》: Yu Shun was named Chonghua.The father of Chonghua is called the blind old man, the father of the blind old man is called the bridge ox, the father of the bridge ox is called Juwang, the father of Juwang is called Jingkang, the father of Jingkang is called the poor cicada, the father of the poor cicada is called the emperor Zhuanxu, and the father of Zhuanxu is called Changyi: even the seventh generation of Shun.From the poor cicada to Emperor Shun, they were all ordinary people.Shun is a man from Jizhou.Shun ploughed the mountains, fished the thunder, and potted the riverside. He used to make things in Shouqiu, which was in the summer.Shun's father, blind old man, stubborn mother and proud younger brother all wanted to kill Shun.Shun Shunshi never lost his son, and his brothers were filial.If you want to kill, you can't get it;That is to ask, taste on the side.
