Large scientific device refers to the large scale investment andengineering constructionTo be completed through long-termstable operation And continuous scientific and technological activities, and large facilities to achieve important scientific and technological goals.
Aerial remote sensing system is to integrate various earth observation loads into one aircraft and realize earth observation through aerial flight.After many years of scientific research, the construction of aviation remote sensing system has completed two domestic medium-sized ones with 6 types and 10 earth observation windowsXinzhou 60Remote sensing flight platform, integrated with multi spectral, hyperspectralthermal infrared, laser, microwaveAtmospheric compositionSynthesis of equal loadEarth observation systemIt fills the gap in the development of medium-sized aerial remote sensing flight platform with long range, multi-function and multiple observation windows in China.[2]
development history
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On July 22, 2021, the large scientific device aviation remote sensing system undertaken by the Aerospace Information Innovation Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully passed the national acceptance and was put into formal operation, and will be open to users in all fields.[2]
In 2022, modern physics research of Chinese Academy of SciencesThe scientific researchers and their collaborators carried out high-precision measurement of the decay properties of the proton drip line nuclear phosphorus 26 relying on the large scientific device of the Lanzhou Heavy Ion Accelerator, and found the strongest isospin hybrid in the beta decayElephants.[4]
On the evening of April 12, 2023, China's "artificial sun" all superconducting Tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device (EAST) set a new record.[5]
definition
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The scientific and technological objectives of large scientific devices must be geared to the international scientific and technological frontier, and serve the national economic construction, national defense construction andsocial developmentMake strategic, fundamental and forward-looking contributions.Since the reform and opening up, China's various undertakings have developed vigorously.As a countrysustained developmentChina is building a grandInnovation system。To establish a platform for basic conditions of science and technologyNational innovation systemThe important content of the construction is the large scientific deviceNational science and technology basic conditions platformAn important part of.
Features
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The construction and utilization of large scientific devices are very different from the general scientific instruments and equipmentCapital construction projectsThese special points mainly include: (1) Science and technology are of great significance,Influence surfaceBroad and long-term, whileConstruction scaleHigh cost and long construction time;(2) The technology is comprehensive and complex, which requires a large number of research and development in constructionNon-standard equipment, has the duality of engineering and development;(3) Its output isscientific knowledgeandtechnological achievements, not directlyeconomic performanceAfter completion, it is necessary to carry out long-term stable operation, continuous development and sustainableScientific activitiesTo achieve the intended scientific and technological goals;(4) The whole process from project establishment, construction to utilization shows strong openness and internationalization.
importance
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The big scientific device isModern science and technologyBreakthroughs in many fieldsnecessary condition。The international competition in the field of science and technology is mainly manifested in the breakthrough ability in many frontier research fields.Since the middle of the 20th century, a new trend has emerged in the development of science and technology, that is, many scientific fields have developed to such a degree that their further development, or theirResearch frontierAll breakthroughs can not be made without large scientific devices.Countries all over the world have invested heavily in building large scientific devicesimpetusThat's it.The development status of relevant large scientific devices will determine China's ability to make breakthroughs in cutting-edge research in many fields, thus determining China's international science and technologycompetitive power。
The big scientific device is designed for the national economic developmentnational securityAnd social progress.One of the characteristics of modern society is that various activitiesBasic dataAnd basic information, otherwise the operation of modern society is unimaginable.On the other hand, the statenatural resourcesThe utilization efficiency of human resources and established hardware resources also largely depends on various basic data and information.As the infrastructure of science and technology, large scientific devices play an important role in the collection and utilization of data and various information.
The big scientific device is built with powerfulInternational competitivenessNational scaleScientific research baseImportant conditions of.occidentdeveloped countryIts scientific and technological level and strong international competitiveness are reflected to a considerable extent by a number of high-level large-scale scientific research bases, whose basic characteristics are scientific researchConcentrationCentralized scientific research tasks, nationalInvestment concentration, rich scientific and technological achievements, diverse disciplinesInterdisciplinary, develop new modelsMarginal scienceAnd the ability to break through major new technologies.Further investigation found that these research institutions all have advanced large scientific devices, or even large scientific device groups, as a support for their strong scientific and technological competitivenessBasic conditions。In recent years, China has attached great importance to the construction of scientific research bases and built a number ofkey state laboratoriesHowever, there are few large-scale scientific research bases that can compete with western developed countries.China should havescientific researchOf“Aircraft carrier”The construction of large scientific research bases must be taken as an important measure to promote science and technology, and the construction of large scientific devices is an important condition to achieve this goal.
The construction of large scientific devices drives the development of national high-tech. Large scientific devices are the integration of a large number of high-tech. In order to achieve their original scientific and technological goals, in the process of the construction and utilization of devicesNeeds developmentNew technology may raise the existing technology to a new level.Therefore, large scientific devices have become the source andHigh tech industryCradle of.Internet technologyOne of the most vivid examples is the emergence and development of and the revolutionary impact of this technology on society.[1]
significance
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As the main force responsible for the construction and operation of large scientific facilities in China, CAS has successively built and operatedBeijing Electron Positron ColliderandBeijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility、Hefei Synchrotron Radiation Facility、Lanzhou Heavy Ion AcceleratorAnd coolingStorage ringDevicesShanghai Light SourceA number of large scientific devices, such asBasic scientific researchAnd economic and social development.These large scientific devices are large research facilities invested and constructed by the state to solve strategic, basic and forward-looking scientific and technological problems in major scientific and technological frontiers and national strategic needs, and to seek major breakthroughs. They are an important part of national infrastructure.developed countryScientific and technological innovation systemThe experience of and the development practice of large scientific facilities in China show that as a national scientific research infrastructure level andEquipment manufacturingConcentrated expression of ability, supported by large scientific devicesBasic SciencesFrontier research andInterdisciplinaryThe construction and operation level of the public platform for cutting-edge research marks a national core and originalinnovation abilityThe height of.Large scientific equipment has become a necessary condition for breakthroughs in many fields of modern science and technology. It provides essential scientific and technological infrastructure to promote the comprehensive, coordinated, sustainable development of the economy and society and national security. It is an important condition for the establishment of a large national scientific research base with strong international competitiveness, and it has become the source of many high-tech and the cradle of high-tech industries.
Yan Yonglian, head of the research group on the development strategy of large scientific devices, said that modern society is increasingly dependent on basic data and information, and large scientific devices as scientific and technological infrastructure play an important role in the collection and utilization of data and various information.For example, spaceEarth observation technologyThe application of GIS provides a revolutionary means for the investigation, monitoring, research and related economic construction activities in agriculture, forestry, water, soil, geology, geology, mining, petroleum, environmental protection, urban planning, disasters, etc.Remote sensing satellite ground stationIn the whole earth observation system chaindata collection, archiving and distribution functions in one indispensable link between the preceding and the following intermediate hub and infrastructure.withChina Remote Sensing Satellite Earth StationTake for example.After 16 years of operation, it has provided a large amount of earth for more than 20 ministries and 30 provinces and cities in Chinaobserved data , for examplesouth-to-north water diversionEngineeringWest East Gas TransmissionEngineering, etcMajor projectsThis provides a scientific basis for decision-making.In 1987, the Great Khingan Mountainsforest fireAnd 1998Yangtze RiverNenjiangCatastrophic floodDuring this period, the remote sensing satellite ground station was responsible for national disaster reliefCommander in ChiefThe accurate disaster data provided by the Ministry played a significant role in disaster relief and post disaster construction.Therefore, it can be said that large scientific devices are essential infrastructure to provide security for social development.
But, inBai ChunliIt seems that the role of these large scientific devices is far from being played, and there is still a long way to go before "making the best use of everything"."Open sharing is a prominent feature of large scientific installations." He believed that as an important part of national investment in constructionScientific and technological resourcesThe scientific objectives of large scientific devices reflect the needs of the country in the development of relevant fields.To meet these needs, we must open up to the whole country.Not only platform type public research devices and public welfare science and technology facilities with wide applications and services need more user teams to achieve significant research results, but also special research devices must serve the majority of users in related fields to better accomplish their mission.
Large scientific devices not only serve the country's major needs and the main battlefield of economy, but also lead scientists to explore the mysteries of the universeIndustrial manufacturingTalent cohesioninternational co-operationAnd other aspectsradiation effect 。[3]
Unit Joint Fund
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However, the lack of research funds has become a barrier to the open sharing of large scientific devices."The construction and operation costs of large scientific devices arenational financeBurden, but external unitsScientific researchersThe cost of using large scientific devices for research has no stable source channel, which greatly limits the platform function of large scientific devices as basic scientific research facilities. "
The first 40 millionJoint fundBoost the opening of large scientific devices to the whole country
In order to solve the financial constraints, researchers in colleges and research institutes across the countryhave a chance toMake use of the large scientific devices operated and managed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to better play the supporting role of large scientific devices in interdisciplinary research and interdisciplinary research,National fundsVenezuela and Chinese Academy of SciencesJoint contributionA joint fund for scientific research on large scientific installations was established.
According to the director of the National Foundation CommitteeChen YiyuAccording to the introduction, the first investment of the fund is 40 million yuan, half of which is contributed by NSFC and Chinese Academy of Sciences respectively, and the implementation period is 2009-2011.The joint fund aims to highlight the commonality of large scientific devices, weaken the specificity, and promoteOpennessImprove innovative ideas, mainly relying on Beijing Electron Positron Collider（Beijing SpectrometerAnd Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility), Lanzhou Heavy Ion Accelerator and Cooling Storage Ring Facility, Shanghai Light Source Facility, Hefei Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
The joint fund is open to colleges and universities andscientific research institution, mainly supporting the following three aspects of research work: (I) Research work based on platform devices, such as synchronizationRadiation lineStations, heavy ion sources, etc., focusing on supporting multidisciplinary andCross study；（2） Research work based on special devices, such as the Beijing Electron Positron ColliderBeijing SpectrometerOfHigh-energy physicsResearchLanzhou Heavy Ion AcceleratorWith cooling storage ringnuclear physicsResearch, etc;（3） Experimental techniques, methods and small special instruments to improve the research capability of large scientific devicesDevelopment researchAnd keytechnical study , such as detection technologyFast Electronics Technology, accelerator technology, synchronizationRadiation technology，Data analysisPlatform technology，Radiation protection technologyEtc.The main research contents include:Material scienceFrontierscientific problems (physics, chemistry, materials);Scientific problems in the field of information;Scientific issues in the field of life (includingbiophysicsAnd medicine);Scientific issues in the field of environment and resources;Interdisciplinary scientific problems;Project researchTraction diagnosis technology, small and specialExperimental equipmentR&D, improvement and development of;Exploration technology, accelerator technology, synchrotron radiation technology and methodsData acquisition, processing and storage technology research, etc.
"The joint fund is established in accordance withNational Natural Science Foundation of Chinamanagement model To operate, a management committee with the participation of the main leaders of both sides shall be established to be responsible for the overall implementation of the joint fund.The NSFC is mainly responsible for the management, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences participates in the coordination work. The specific management refers to the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaManagement MeasuresExecute. "Director Chen Yiyu revealed that in early March this year, the NSFC will issue a separate guide to accept applications.
The Joint Fund for Large Scientific Devices will achieve four "benefits"
"The establishment of the Joint Fund for Large Scientific Devices is a major event in China's scientific and technological community!" Bai Chunli, the executive vice president, believed that it would help to realize the four "benefits"——
It will strengthen the association and cooperation between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units of the national innovation system, and help to form a benign relationship with each unit that promotes, supports and cooperates with each otherScience and technology competitionCooperate with each other to form an overall force faster and accelerate the construction of a national innovation system with Chinese characteristics;
It will promote the integration and sharing of large scientific and technological infrastructure resources, which is conducive to effectively breakingStripe segmentationEffectively avoid resource dispersion and repeated construction, improve the utilization efficiency of large scientific devices, and promote cross sectoralCross domainOfresource sharingAnd mutual benefit to provide strong support for independent innovation in science and technology;
It will be conducive to the combination of theoretical research and experimental work, and promote the output andInnovative talentsAnd provide theoretical guidance for the future development of large scientific devices;
At the same time, it will change the previous practice that China and foreign countries bear the main funds in foreign cooperation, which is conducive to international cooperation with China as the main player, to jointly break through major scientific issueskey technology Bottleneck.
