Canis Major

One of the 88 constellations
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Canis Major (Canis Major), one of the 88 constellations in the whole sky, is located in the southern sky Claudius Ptolemy One of the 48 constellations defined. It is said that it was originally a hunter named Orion hound Canis Major Sirius Is the brightest star in the night sky, and also Winter Triangle A fixed point of.
Chinese name
Canis Major
Right ascension
6:40
Declination
-22
Name of celestial body
Canis Major
Latin name
Canis Major
Latin abbreviation
CMa
Symbolism
Big dog
Area
380 km²
Area ranking
43rd
Number of bright stars
five
Brightest star
Sirius
Adjacency constellation
Orion Aplysia Stern seat Gemini
Best observation time
Late November to March
Optimum observation latitude
+60 ° and − 90 °
Apparent magnitude of brightest star
−1.46
Fully visible area
56°N-90°S
Biggest star
Canis Major VY

Origin of name

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Canis Major Primary star Sirius is the first bright star after the sun seen from the earth, and it is also the most distant star The nearest star on Earth One (approximately 8.6 light-years). The ancient Greeks defined it from July 22 to August 23 dog days This star rises with the sun, so this star is also called "Dog Star". So this constellation got the name Canis Major.
Canis Major
Canis Major
Canis Major

Appearance characteristics

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Canis Major is one of the constellations in the southern sky. Find the famous Canis Major first Orion From a row of three stars on Orion's belt to the southwest, you can see one of the brightest stars in the sky - Sirius. The constellation where Sirius is located is Canis Major. Canis Major West Aplysia , east and south and Ship base Connect. Canis Major is one of the most eye-catching constellations in the southern sky on winter nights. The shape of the whole constellation is like a hunting dog, which is rushing to the western rabbit.
Canis Major
Canis Major
Canis Major

Observation characteristics

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Canis Major covers an area of about 380 square degrees. Intracerata Apparent magnitude There are 122 stars with brightness of more than 6 degrees, including 18 stars with brightness of more than 4 degrees. from Orion Looking to the southwest, Samsung is Canis Major alpha, also known as Sirius in ancient China, with an apparent star magnitude of -1.47, 8.6 light-years away from us. There are also 18 stars with brightness of more than 4 degrees in the seat.

Major constellations

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Bayer designation Franstide nomenclature Other names Chinese Star Officer Apparent magnitude remarks
Canis Major alpha Canis Major 9 Sirius Sirius -1.47 etc Konductra (The companion star is White dwarf ), the brightest star in Canis Major, 8.6 light-years from Earth; At the same time, it is the first bright star in the sky
Canis Major β Canis Major 2 Murzim Junshi I 1.98 etc Cepheus beta variable Canis Major, the fourth bright star
Canis Major γ Canis Major 23 Muliphein Sirius increases by four 4.11 etc ----
Canis Major δ Canis Major 25 Wezen Wezen 1.83 etc Canis Major, the third bright star
Canis Major ε Canis Major 21 Adhara Sagittal Seven 1.50 etc Canis Major, the second bright star, was once the first bright star in the sky
Zeta Canis Major Canis Major 1 Furud Sun Zengyi 3.02 etc Spectroscopic binary Canis Major, the sixth bright star
Canis Major η Canis Major 31 Aludra Sagittal two 2.45 etc Alpha Cygni variables Canis Major, the fifth bright star
Canis Major θ Canis Major 14 ---- Sirius increases by two 4.08 etc ----
Canis Major Canis Major 20 ---- Sirius increases by five 4.36 etc Cepheus beta variable
Canis Major κ Canis Major 13 ---- Sagittal eight 3.50 etc Cassiopeia gamma variable
Canis Major λ ---- ---- Sun Zenger 4.47 etc ----
Canis Major μ Canis Major 18 ---- Sirius increases by three 5.00 etc ----
Canis Major ν 1 Canis Major 6 ---- Junshi Zengyi 5.71 etc ----
Canis Major ν 2 Canis Major 7 ---- pheasant 3.95 etc There is a planet
Canis Major ν 3 Canis Major 8 ---- Junshi II 4.42 etc ----
Canis Major ξ 1 Canis Major 4 ---- Junshi VI 4.34 etc Cepheus beta variable

Canis Major alpha

Sirius A and Sirius B
Sirius Alpha Canis Major, the brightest star in the sky. Sirius is composed of A and B stars Visual binary Star A is the first bright star in the sky, belonging to Main star order Of Blue dwarf General name of star B Sirius companion star , Yes White dwarf Its mass is slightly larger than that of the sun and its radius is smaller than that of the earth. Its material is mainly Degeneracy The average density is about 3.8 × 106/cm3. A and B stars Orbital period 50.090 ± 0.056 years, Track eccentricity Is 0.5923 ± 0.0019. Sirius is 8.65 ± 0.09 light-years away from us. Is Sirius Close binary , related to the evolution of Sirius. In ancient times, it was recorded that Sirius was red, which provides us with research clues. In 1975, the X-ray from Sirius was discovered. Some people think that it may be the thermal radiation in the deep atmosphere of almost pure hydrogen of Planet B, while others think that it may be generated by the high-temperature corona of Planet A or Planet B. The research is still ongoing. According to 1980 data, High-energy observatory Satellite 2 measured the 0.15-3.0kev X-ray of satellite A and satellite B respectively, and learned that the X-ray It's much better than Star A.
The brightest star in the night sky has a visual magnitude of - 1.5. It is a double star in Canis Major. The bright star in the binary star is a blue white star 23 times brighter than the sun. It is slightly larger than the sun, and its temperature is much higher than the sun. Its distance solar system About 8.6 light-years, only twice the distance to the nearest star of the sun. The ancient Egyptians realized that the star rose with the sun, that is, just before the sun rose, Nile Delta Began to flood every year. And they found that Sirius rose with the sun twice time interval It is not 365 days in Egypt, but 365.25 days. German astronomers reported in 1844 that Sirius was a binary star, because it moved along a wavy path in nearby space, so it was concluded that it had a companion And the rotation period is about 50 years. This companion star was first seen by American astronomers in 1862. Sirius and its companion are both in Eccentricity They circle each other on a rather large track, with an average distance of about Sun earth distance 20 times. Although bright stars shine everywhere, use Large telescope It is not difficult to see the companion star of Grade 7. The companion star is about the same mass as the sun and much denser than the sun. It is the first white dwarf discovered.

Canis Major VY

The seventh largest known star Canis Major VY And one of the brightest stars in Canis Major Red super giant The diameter is 1.9764Gkm.

deep space

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Canis Major is nothing bright deep space Intraconstellation Messier object yes M41 NGC 2287 ), it is a 4.6 grade Open cluster , 4 degrees south of Sirius.
Canis Major dwarf galaxy It was found in November 2003 in Canis Major and around Galaxy Athletic Dwarf galaxy

Constellation myth

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Legend I

Canis Major, named Laelaps, is said to be able to catch all the prey in the world. It once had numerous owners. One was Procris, the daughter of the Athenian emperor Erechtheus and the wife of Cephalus. Later, Chphalos sent the dog to the outskirts of Thebe, where lived a fox that would never be caught, In order to solve this paradox, Zeus Turn them into stones and lift Lelapus into the sky.

Legend II

It is said that Siris is a beloved hound of Orion, who accompanies the hunter all day long. Later, Orion became his wife, the moon god Alto Missy died by mistake, and his pet dog was also very sad. He didn't eat anything all day, but only barked sadly, and finally starved to death in the owner's house. Deity Zeus In order to reward its loyalty, he raised it to heaven and turned it into Canis Major. Today, the hound still follows its owner and catches the small rabbit bravely.

Legend III

from Prehistoric man I already know this constellation. In ancient times, people regarded it as a hunting dog, which was so fast that Zeus lifted it into the sky. But generally speaking, it is regarded as Orion's hound. It helps Orion hunt hares and wrestle with Taurus. Homer and Hesiod All mentioned it like that. The ancient Greeks mentioned only one dog, and the ancient Romans added Canis Minor The Romans regarded Canis Major as their guardian Europa Of dogs, but failed to prevent Jupiter It turns into a bull and rapes Europa Sometimes it is also regarded as the guardian of hell Three headed dog

Extended Reading

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In one year, it was the first to pass the Midheaven Canis Major is your constellation. The center of Canis Major (its Equatorial coordinate by Right ascension At 6:47, Declination -22 degrees), that is, the place passing through the due north and due south Meridional circle Shang (Astronomically, it is called Zhongtian, and the one close to the zenith is called Shang Zhongtian, and the one far from the zenith is called Shang Zhongtian Lower Midheaven )。 In the night sky, from the bright Orion belt three stars to the southwest, you can meet Canis Major.
star map
Canis Major occupies the sky at 6:9~7:26, declination - 11~- 33 degrees; The area is 380. 11 square degrees, accounting for 0 of the whole sky. 921%; Ranked 43rd according to the size of constellation. The constellations around him are Pigeon constellation , Rabbit Kylin mountain and Stern seat This constellation can be seen in the area south of 57 degrees north latitude, while the visible light of Canis Major in the area north of 79 degrees north latitude is less than 5. There are 56 stars of Grade 5, including 1 star of Grade 1 and 4 stars of Grade 2. The 200 bright stars listed in the whole day are Alpha Canis Major (No. 1), Epsilon Canis Major (No. 22), Delta Canis Major (No. 36), Beta Canis Major (No. 46), Ita Canis Major (No. 88), Planting Tower Canis Major (No. 176) and Omikron Canis Major 2 (No. 177). The number in the bracket indicates the serial number of the star according to its brightness.
Canis Major Latin The name is Canis Major, which possessive case Canis Majors (CMa)
Traditional Star official In the system, Canis Major is equivalent to Sirius, Junshi sagittal Wait for star officials. A great patriotic poet in the Warring States Period Qu Yuan In "East Lord", he wrote: "Shoot Sirius with long arrows, and fall with the remaining arrows." Sirius in the poem refers to Alpha Canis Major; Sagittarius refers to the Canis Major Delta( Wezen ), Ista Canis Major( Sagittal two )Canis Major Epsilon( Sagittal Seven )Canis Major Kappa( Sagittal eight )Wait for stars.