The thermal conductivity is 0.028-0.03, with better thermal insulation effect, high strength, high moisture resistance and expensive price. The surface needs to be treated during construction
Thermal conductivity 0.057-0.06Flame retardancyOkay,waste recoveryThe thermal insulation effect is not idealplanenessThe requirements are not high, which can save the leveling process. The thickness of each plastering is not easy to exceed 20mm during construction.
Polyurethane foaming materials Organic
Thermal conductivity 0.025-0.028 Good waterproof performance, good thermal insulation effect, high strength and high price
The thermal conductivity is 0.029-0.03, with better thermal insulation effect, high strength, high moisture resistance and expensive price. The surface needs to be treated during construction
10 Inorganic active wall insulation materials Inorganic
Thermal conductivity 0.045-0.055, better insulation effect, high strength, moisture resistance, convenient construction
2. Requirements for construction personnel: organize the construction team according to the project size and progress requirements.Before the commencement and mobilization, the construction personnel shall be educated in ideology, technology, quality and safety to ensure the project quality and progress.
4. Requirements for construction environment: the ambient temperature for normal construction and operation is 5 ℃~35 ℃.
Construction requirements for external thermal insulation of external wall
1. The construction and acceptance of exterior walls and exterior doors and windows have been completed,the base levelMeet the requirements for multi-storey large formwork in Section III "Concrete Works" of Chapter V in the Standard for Inspection and Assessment of Building Quality (GBT301-88) or for masonry works in Section I of Chapter VIdry wallRequirements.
3. The construction site shall be accessible to roads, water and electricity.
4. Erection tools andScaffoldingIt shall meet the construction needs (to be safe and reliable).
5. Movement for constructionPower Distribution BoxThe water pipe shall be configured according to the construction needs.
6. The vertical and horizontal transportation facilities of power distribution materials shall comply with relevant safety regulations.
7. Within the construction and operation environmentHigh voltage wireThe distance from the construction site shall comply with relevant regulations, and the correspondingProtective facilities。
8. Remove all obstacles on the wall to be insulated.
9. The wind force shall not exceed level 5 when pasting the insulation board.
10. In order to ensure the construction quality, the construction surface shall be free from long-term direct sunlight.Note: construction is not suitable in rainy days.
11. Construction tool: grooverWallpaper knifeScrewdriver, scissors, ink bucket, brown brushElectric BlenderPlastic mixing bucket impact drillElectric hammer2 m guiding rule for trowel line board
Key points of construction
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1. Base course cleaning.Clean the remaining floating plaster, release agent oil stain and other sundries on the concrete wall, and plaster hollows, and repair them.Various openings of the exterior wall shall be filled tightly.It is required that the surface flatness deviation of the pasted polystyrene board shall not exceed 4mm. If the deviation is exceeded, the protruding part of the wall shall be polished and the concave part shall be repaired.
2. Wall measurementSnap a line. Hanging.according toBuilding facade designandexternal insulation wall system It is required to pop up the external doors and windows horizontally and vertically on the wallControl lineAnd expansion line, decorative suture, etc.The vertical datum line shall be hung at the big corner of the external wall of the building and other necessary placeslevelTo control the perpendicularity and flatness of polystyrene board.
3. Paste the flip wrap grid cloth.All exposed places on the side of the pasted polystyrene board shall be treated with mesh cloth.The 80mm width in the grid cloth not less than 200mm wide shall be specially usedBonding mortarFirmly paste it on the base surface. When pasting the polystyrene board in the later stage, turn over the remaining grid cloth.
4. Paste polystyrene board.The standard size of polystyrene board for external insulation is 600mm × 900mm and 600mm × 1200mm. The edges and corners of the whole wall can be cut on site at non-standard size or local irregularitiesButt jointIt cannot be left at the four corners of the door and window.Since the surface flatness of the base course wall is not good enough, the point frame bonding method should be used. When the finish is made of paint, the bonding area should not be less than 40%.Bonding mortar shall not be applied to the side of the slab.Arranging plates horizontallySequential arrangement, up and downStagger seamPaste, and the internal and external corners should be treated with wrong stubble.When sticking the board, the adhesive mortar overflowing from the board edge shall be cleaned in time, so that there is no "head ash" between the boards.The plate joints shall be tightly spliced, and when the joint width exceeds 2mm, polystyrene sheets of corresponding thickness shall be used for filling.The height difference of butt joint shall not be greater than 1.5mm, otherwise, it shall be polished with sandpaper or special grinding machine first.
5. Anchor fixation.When mechanical anchors are used to fix the polystyrene board, the installation of anchors shall be carried out at least 24 hours after the use of bonding mortar, and electric hammer shall be used to drill holes inwards on the surface of the polystyrene board. The hole diameter depends on the diameter of the anchor, and the depth into the wall shall not be less than 50 mm.Screw in or tap inAnchor nailThe nail head and disc shall not exceed the board surface.
6. The joint surface of polystyrene board is not flat, and it is necessary to use wood linedCoarse sandpaperUnderlay.The polishing action is required to rotate gently in a circular direction, and use a brush to remove foam debris on the surface of the polystyrene board after polishing.
7. Plastering the bottom layerPlastering mortar, that is, the first plastering.Polystyrene board pasting and anchoring shall be carried out after construction and acceptancepolymer mortar For plastering, the bottom plastering mortar shall be plastered on the polystyrene board surface, and the overturned mesh cloth shall be pressed into the mortar at the same time.The reinforced mesh cloth used at the four corners and internal and external corners of the door and window will be pressed into the mortar immediately.
8. Lay grid cloth.Tight the mesh cloth and paste it on the bottom plastering mortar. Use a trowel to press the mesh cloth into the surface of the mortar from the middle to the periphery. It should be flat and compacted. It is strictly prohibited to wrinkle the mesh cloth.The mesh cloth shall not be pressed too deep.In case of overlap in paving, it must meet the requirements of transverse 100mm and longitudinal 75mmLap lengthrequirement.
9. Another layer of plastering mortar shall be applied before the base mortar is setCoverFor plastering, it is better to cover the grid cloth only and see the outline of the grid cloth slightly.The surface mortar shall not be continuously rubbed to avoid hollowing.
Acceptance criteria
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1. Construction quality inspection methods and standards
(1) After each process is completed, use a 2m flat guiding rule to check the flatness in all directions, and use a plumb rule to check the perpendicularity. The standard is that the deviation between perpendicularity and entrainment is not more than 3mm.
（2）Insulation layerFor thickness deviation ofAcupunctureCheck and measure insulationCore plateWhether the actual thickness meets the design requirements.
（3）random samplingCheck every 100 ㎡ of sampling points. If the points do not meet the design requirements, increase samplingCheckpointOne point shall be set for every 30 ㎡, and records shall be mademathematical statistics, evaluate the quality.
(4) The quality control inspection during the construction operation shall be organized by the quality inspector. The whole process of construction quality shall be controlled, and the quality of the process shall be mainly controlled. The construction of the next process can be carried out only after it is qualified.
(1) The wall surface is smooth and flat, without repair marks, joints and good appearance.
（2）Internal and external cornersIt is vertical and square and meets the quality requirements.Elevation verticality andSurface flatnessThe allowable deviation shall comply with the following table.
Inspection method
item
project
Allowable deviation (mm)
Inspection method
one
Flat surface
three
Check with 2m guiding rule and wedge feeler gauge
two
verticality
Each layer
four
Check with 2m cable tray
Full height
4H/1000 and no more than 20
Check with theodolite or suspension wire and ruler
three
Internal and external corners vertical
three
Check with 2m cable tray
four
Square internal and external corners
three
Check with 200mm square ruler and wedge feeler gauge
In September 2009, the Interim Provisions on Fire Protection of Exterior Wall Thermal Insulation System and Exterior Wall Decoration of Civil Buildings was promulgated and implementedBuilding insulation materialsThe fire rating of is specified.Commonly used in ChinaWall insulation materialExtremely easy to burn, how to combine the high efficiency and energy saving of thermal insulation materials with excellent fire prevention has become an industrial problem.
Polyurethane exterior wall insulationFire protection system, with outstanding fire resistance, reaching the national A-level standard, fire resistance and heat resistance, no melting, no dripping and low smoke under high temperature,dimensional stability Good, and it has good heat preservation and energy saving effect. It combines excellent fire resistance and good energy saving effect, and is applicable to many fields such as external wall heat preservation.
Fire rating
National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Fireproof Building MaterialsAuthoritative inspection,polyurethane（PIR）The fire rating of the board shall reach B1, and the polyurethane exterior wall insulation and fire protection system shall reach Class A of the national fire protection standard. There shall be no dripping, softening or softening under high temperatureDiffuse flamePenetration, fundamentally solving the occurrence of external insulation fire.
Expansion refractory system
According to the spirit of Document No. 46 in 2009 and Document No. 65 in 2011 of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development and the Ministry of Public Security, the external wall thermal insulation function is upgraded to the external wall fire insulation function,Class A fireproof materialIt has become an objective need to be compulsorily applied to the external wall insulation. Due to the uneven market and different quality, it is necessary to make a good choice when applying. This paper introduces the fire insulation system of expansion refractory materials.
a. High bending strength (0.2-1.0MPa/30-80mm thickness),compressive strengthHigh (0.5-3.0MPa);
b. The thermal conductivity is small (0.05-0.065W/k.m) and can be adjusted according to the guidance;
c. The unit weight is moderate (220-280kg/m3), which can be adjusted as required;
d. Absolutely alkali freeHalogen-freeThe serious consequences of pulverization, embrittlement and falling off after the return of halogen and alkali are fundamentally avoided;
e. Double waterproofSoftening coefficientHigh (≥ 0.8), not addedHydrophobic agentThe immersion strength in water decreases by ≤ 10%, and the effect is better if it is added;
h. Non toxic, high temperature resistant, (＞ 1300 ℃, fully meeting the Class A standard), no shrinkage, no deformation, no pulverization after combustion, sound insulation and shock absorptionGood elasticityHeat insulation and flame retardancy, no black smoke when baking, high temperature and high brightnessFireNo toxic gas (meeting and better than the relevant national standard AQ1);
i. Unique breathing material to prevent the accumulation of internal moisture and the formation ofHygroscopicCondensation water vapor leads to the weakness of plate strength reduction, effectively eliminating the potential safety hazard of wall and exterior decoration layer;
j. With stable performance and low cost, it is a special adhesive for making fire insulation boards, firewalls, etc.
3. Selection range of main materials for slurry of expansion refractory:
External wall sandwich insulationThe thermal insulation material is placed between the inner and outer wall pieces of the same exterior wall. Both the inner and outer wall pieces can use the traditionalClay brick, concrete hollow blocks, etc.Therefore, (1) theseTraditional materialsGood waterproof and weather resistance, effective protection for inner wall panels and thermal insulation materials, and low requirements for the selection of thermal insulation materials,polystyrene, glass wool, rock wool and other materials can be used;(2) The requirements for the construction season and conditions are not high, which will not affect the winter construction;(3) The insulation layer and the inner and outer walls form a cavity free structure, and through rigid connectors, the insulation layer and the inner and outer walls are integrated, which can greatly improve the service life of the external wall insulation.In recent years, it has been applied to severe cold areas such as Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and the northern part of Xinjiang.
As the countryBuilding energy conservationWith the increase of requirements, the energy saving standard in most areas of the country is moving towards 65%, and in some severe cold areas, it has been increased to 75%+energy saving. The increase of the thickness of the external insulation layer brings the risk of easy falling off.Although the sandwich wall is thicker than the traditional wall, its inner and outer wall pieces are connected with rigid connectors to transfer the load of external wall insulation and protective layer toShear wallAmong them, it can improve the service life of external wall insulation.Its structure is relatively complex compared with the traditional thermal insulation, and the treatment of ring beams and structural columns in buildings in seismic areas has not been improved.
Insulation decorative plateExternal thermal insulation system (referred to as thermal insulation decoration)One piece boardSystem) consists of adhesive, insulation decorative platesealing material And auxiliaryAnchorsComposition.During construction, the construction shall be carried out on the base wall firstWaterlineLeveling layerThe thermal insulation decorative board is fixed on the base course by sticking and anchoring.
The insulation decorative board is composed of insulation layer, inorganic resin board, facing layer and connectors.EPS board, XPS board, PUR boardPhenolic board, rock wool board.Finish layer adoptsspray painting and coating, inorganicResin versionIt is Class A incombustible material, the thickness should not exceed 10mm, and the weight should not exceed 20kg/m2.
heat preservationTrim panelEffective with base wallBondingThe area shall be greater than 50% of the area of the decorative plate, and the tensile bond strength shall not be less than 0.10MPa.The number of anchors for fixing the insulation decorative plate shall not be less than 6 per square meter.
2、engineering constructionThe structural atlas shall comply with 02J121-1 Construction of Exterior Insulation Building (I) issued by the national industry
3. Current national, local and industrial laws, regulations, specifications and standards.
（2） Inspection method
1. Insulation boardhardware clothSpecifications and items ofTechnical indicatorsThe use requirements of polymer mortar must meet the requirements of national specifications and relevant standards.
Inspection method: check the factory certificate
2. The insulation board must be firmly bonded to the base course surface without looseness and virtual adhesion.
Inspection quantity: spot check one place every 20M of the floor (each place extends 3m), but no less than 3 places on each floor.
Inspection method: observation and manual push-pull inspection.
a、The total bonding area between each insulation board and the base course shall not be less than 30%;
Inspection quantity: spot check one place every 20M, but no less than 3 places, and no less than 2 pieces per place.
b 、Inspection before special bonding and polymer mortar plasteringInterfacial agentWhether it has been painted (sprayed)
The inspection quantity is the same as above.At least 8 o'clock at each place.Test method: observe and touch to check whether there is sticky feeling.
c 、The expansion part of engineering plastic fastener enters the structural wall and is not less than 50 ± 5mm
Inspection quantity: the same as above.At least 4 sets for each location.Inspection method: ExitSelf tapping screw, observe and check.
d 、The head joint of insulation board is not plasteredbinder。
Inspection quantity: the same as above.Inspection method: observation
e 、Mesh fabricIt shall be laid horizontally and pressed tightly without hollowing, wrinkleswarpingThe lap width shall not be less than 100 mm at the left and right, and 80 mm at the top and bottom
Inspection quantity: the same as above.Inspection method: observation and ruler measurement.
f 、polymer mortar Thickness of protective layerIt should not be greater than 4mm, and the first floor should not be greater than 5mm.
Inspection quantity: the same as above.Inspection method: ruler measurement.
Note: The inspection shall be carried out before the mortar is set.
（4）face brickThe finish shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Unified Regulations on Quality Acceptance of Building Decoration Engineering (GB502-2001).
(1) The residual mortar of door and window frames, drip tanks, pipes, etc. shall be cleaned in time.
(2) When dismantling the scaffold, it is necessary to prevent damage to the plastered insulation, doors and windows, holes, edges, corners, stacks and other protective measures that cause damage. Other types of work should not pollute and damage the wall, and it is forbidden to step on the window to damage edges and corners.
(3) EachTectonismBefore setting and hardening, water impact, impact and vibration shall be prevented to ensure sufficient strength of each structural layer.
（2）inflammables and explosives Store in a special warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. It is forbidden to use iodine tungsten lamps in the warehouse for lightingHigh pressure mercury lampThe indoor ventilation is good.
(3) It is strictly prohibited to burn construction waste on the construction site.
(4) Configuration of each floor on the construction siteFire Extinguisher, the position is obvious and does not change at will.
(5) FamiliarityFire EquipmentThe usage shall be checked and kept in good condition by specially assigned person.
(1) AllElectricity consumptionSpecial personnel shall be assigned to take charge, and non electricians are strictly prohibited from connecting the power supply.
(2) Cut off the power supply before connecting the power supplyLive working。
(3) All wires must be double-layerRubberSheathed wireThe wires must be overhead and firmly erected, and must not be tied to metal pipes or structures.
(4) Use air to open half orLeakage switchThe plug and socket shall be kept in good condition, and the electrical switch shall not be used for multiple purposes.
（5）mechanical equipmentThe electrical equipment must be reliably grounded, and must not be operated with fault or overloadedElectric toolKeep it in good condition and pay attention to safety during use.
(1) Safety helmets must be worn at the construction site, and slippers are not allowed to enter the construction site.
(2) Wear anti-skid shoes and fasten them when working at heightsSafety beltIt is forbidden to walk along the climbing object without handrail.
(3) When using electric tools, be careful to operate them properly and firmly, and clamp the parts to be cut firmly.
8.4 Data collection
(1) Pay attention to data collection. Start from construction, collect every data to be collected, such as product certificates, and do not wait until the last need.
(2) Collect data in advance according to the quality acceptance regulations of the quality inspection station.
(3) Contact list and reply of daily workShould bewithWritten formSo as to form written materials.
(4) Written materials shall be stored orderly and kept properly, and shall not be lost.
Insulation inside the wall is to place the insulation material inside the outer wall.
advantage:
(1) WaterproofingWeatherabilityAnd other technical indicators are not very high,Paper faced gypsum board, gypsum plaster mortar, etc. can meet the use requirements, and the materials are convenient;
(2) The internal thermal insulation material is separated by the floor slab, and the construction is only within the range of one floor height, without scaffolding;
(4) For existing buildingsEnergy saving transformationEspecially when it is difficult to transform the whole building or the whole community after the house is sold to individuals, only internal insulation is more likely.Therefore, in recent years, external wall internal insulation has also been widely used.
(5) When energy-saving reconstruction is carried out on existing buildings, the daily life of residents will be greatly disturbed.
(6) The wall is subject to outdoorClimate impactLarge, large temperature difference between day and night, winter and summer, easy to cause wall cracking.
External wall sandwich insulation is to place the insulation material between the inner and outer wall pieces of the external wall, and the inner and outer wall pieces can use concrete hollow blocks.
advantage:
(1) Effectively protect the inner wall panels and thermal insulation materials, and have low requirements for the selection of thermal insulation materials,polystyrene、Glass woolas well asUrea formaldehydesceneCastableCan be used;
External wall insulation
(2) The requirements for the construction season and conditions are not very high, which will not affectWinter construction。In HeilongjiangInner Mongolia, northern Gansu, etcFrigid regionIt has been applied to some extent.
Disadvantages:
(1) In non freezing regions, this kind of wall is thicker than the traditional wall;
(2) There shall beConnectorConnection and structure are more complex than traditional walls;
(3) OutsideEnclosureThere are many "thermal bridges".staySeismic region, under constructionRing beamWith the setting of structural columns, there are more "thermal bridges", and the efficiency of thermal insulation materials is still not fully utilized.
(4) The outer wall is greatly affected by the outdoor climate, and the temperature difference between day and night, winter and summer is large, which is easy to cause wall cracking and rainwater leakage.
Construction conditions
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1. Construction siteambient temperatureAnd base wallsurface temperature During and after construction24 hoursThe temperature inside shall not be lower than 5 ℃, and the construction is generally conducted at 5-35 ℃.
2. The wind force shall not be greater than Level 5.
3. The base course wall is dry.
4. Construction is not allowed in rainy days.
5. It is not allowed to construct in strong wind environment or on the wall with high temperature and direct sunlight in summer, so as to avoid materials being used in constructionwater lossToo fast and capillary cracks appear.
6. The unhardened materials shall be protected from relatively badclimatic conditions OfDirect action, especially to avoid rain wash: protect the newly constructed wall when necessary.
7. The weather conditions of the next three days shall be known at any time. In case of rainy days, construction is strictly prohibited.
8. Process requirements: no external wall constructioncross-operation。
