Xiang Yu's origin

Sima Qian's Historical Literature of the Western Han Dynasty Volume 7 of Historical Records

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synonym Historical Records · Xiang Yu's Origin (Historical Records · Xiang Yu's Origin) Generally refers to Xiang Yu's Origin

The History of Xiang Yu is a historian of the Western Han Dynasty Sima Qian An article in classical Chinese, included in《 Redords of the Grand History of China 》The seventh volume in the middle is about the overlord of Western Chu Nape feather It records the history of the late Qin Dynasty Nape feather A glorious and heroic life.

The Chronicle of Xiang Yu describes the peasant uprising and battle between Chu and Han The grand historical scene vividly and profoundly describes Xiang Yu's life.

Title: Xiang Yu's origin
Foreign name: Xiang Yu's Annals
Author: Sima Qian

Creation era: Western Han Dynasty
Origin: 《 Redords of the Grand History of China 》
literary genre: Biographical style

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two Vernacular translation

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Xiang nationality He, the lower phase person, is also a character feather. At the beginning, he was 24 years old. His stepfather Corbel , Liang's father is the general of Chu Xiang Yan He was killed by General Wang Jian of Qin Dynasty. Xiang's surname He was a general of Chu for generations and was granted the title of Xiang, so his surname was Xiang.

Xiang nationality When I was young, I could not learn books. When I went, I could not learn swords. The nape beam is angry. Ji said, "Books are enough to remember names. Sword is an enemy. It's not enough to learn art of war which a field commander must master 。” So Xiang Liang taught the art of war. He was overjoyed. He knew something about it, but he refused to learn it. A taste of the neck beam Queyang If you catch me, I'll invite you to punish me Cao Jiu Book arrived at Queyang Prison Sima Xin , get what you want with your story. Xiang Liang kills people and avoids revenge with Ji in Wuzhong. All the sages and officials in Wuzhong came to Liang Xia. Every Wuzhong has Dayao's service and funeral, and Xiang Liang is often the host. In order to know what he can do, the Military Science Department controls guests and children. First Emperor of Qin Emperor Tour Joint inspection , crossing Zhejiang, Liang and Ji are both in view. Date:“ It is desirable to replace it 。” Liang covered his mouth and said, "Don't talk falsely, you are a family." Liang wrote this wonderful book. The Ji is more than eight feet long, capable of carrying the tripod, and extremely talented, although all the children of Wuzhong have already feared Ji.

Second Emperor of the Qin dynasty In July of the first year, Chen Shi Wait for Daze. In September, Kuaiji Shoutong said that Liang said, "Jiangxi is all rebellious, and this is also the time when heaven perished in Qin. I heard that first people were made, then people were made. I want to send troops to make the public and Huanchu Will. " At that time, Chu perished in the marsh. Liang said, "When Huan Chu died, no one knew where he was, but only his ears." Liang Naichu told people to stay away with swords. Liang rejoined and sat down with Shou, saying, "Please call Ji, so that he can be ordered to call Huanchu." Shou said, "Promise." Liang called Ji. In a moment, Liang Zhiji said, "It's feasible." So Ji pulled out his sword and cut off his head. The neck beam holds the head and wears its signet ribbon. The door was shocked and disturbed. I killed hundreds of people. All the people in the mansion are prostrate. Don't dare to rise. Liang Nai summoned the powerful officials he knew and ordered them to do great things. So he enlisted Wu Zhongbing. To make people take over the county and get 8000 refined troops. Liang deployed Wu Zhong heroes as Xiao Wei, Hou Sima 。 There is one person who can't use it. Liang said, "Some funeral envoy of the past could not do something, so she did not appoint a public official." Everyone was subdued. Therefore, Liang was appointed as a general of the Kuaiji and played favoritism for the next county.

Guangling people Zhaoping So for Chen Wang Favouring Guangling, he failed to leave. Hearing that King Chen had been defeated, the Qin troops came again. They crossed the river to correct the order of King Chen and worshipped Liang King of Chu Upper Pillars 。 As he said, "The east of the river has been decided, and the army will be drawn to the west to attack the Qin Dynasty." Xiang Liang was able to cross the river with eight thousand people to the west. smell Chen Ying He has gone down to Dongyang to make the desire to be in harmony with the west. Chen Ying, the leader of Dongyang, lives in the middle of the county and is known as the elder. The Dongyang teenager killed his order and gathered thousands of people. If he wanted to be the leader, it was useless. He invited Chen Ying. Unable to give thanks to the baby, he forced the baby to become the leader. Twenty thousand people were recruited from the county. Young people want to make babies king, and the foreign army is very popular. Chen Ying's mother called Ying Ying and said, "I am your wife. I have never heard that you were a valuable person in the past. Today, I am famous and unlucky. It is better to have something to belong to. When I succeed, I will be a marquis. If I fail, I will perish. It is not named by the world." Ying is afraid to be king. He said to his military officials, "The Xiang family has been famous in Chu for generations. If you want to do something important today, you must be his own person. I rely on the famous family, and I will die in Qin." So Public obedience In other words, soldiers belong to Xiang Liang. Head beam crossing Huaihe River, tsingling cloth General Pu Also, the soldiers belong to Yan. Sixty or seventy thousand people, army Xiapi 。

When yes, Qin Jia Established Jingju As the king of Chu, he marched to the east of Pengcheng and wanted to be far away from Xiangliang. Xiang Liang said to the military officials, "King Chen was the first to do something, but the battle was not good, and I didn't know where it was. Today, Qin Jia doubles King Chen and sets up Jingju, which goes against the law." He attacked Qin Jia. Qin Jiajun was defeated and chased extremely Hu Ling. Jia fought for one day, died, and the army surrendered. Jingju is dead on the ground. Xiang Liang has joined the Qin Jia Army and Hu Ling, and will lead the army to the west. Zhang Hanjun Zhili, Xiang Liang Emissary Don't Cinnabar Yu Fanjun and the war. Yu Fan Jun died. Zhu Jishi's army was defeated, and he died in Huling. Xiang Liang led troops into Xue and killed the chicken stone. Head beam front Nape feather Don't attack Xiangcheng. Xiangcheng can't be defended. If it has been pulled out, it will be shameful. Also report the top beam. When Xiang Liang heard that King Chen was destined to die, he called others to plan for Xue. At this time, Peigong also started Pei and went there.

Residents Fan Zeng At the age of 70, Su lived at home and was curious. He said to Xiang Liang, "Chen Shengbai is a good man Qin destroyed six countries Chu is the most innocent. Since Huai Wang never rebelled when he entered the Qin Dynasty, and Chu people have shown sympathy for him so far, so Nangong of Chu said‘ Although there are three families in Chu, the death of Qin will lead to Chu ’Also. Today, Chen Sheng is the first person to stand on his own feet instead of standing behind Chu. His momentum is not long. Now you start from the east of the Yangtze River, and the generals of Chu Fengwu are all fighting for your support. You will inherit the generals of Chu, so that you can recover the descendants of Chu. " So Xiang Liang said what he wanted King Huai of Chu Sun Xin was a folk shepherd. He thought he was King Huai of Chu, and he followed the people's expectations. Chen Ying was the Shangzhu State of Chu, granted five counties, and was the capital of Xutai with Huaiwang. Xiang Liang called himself Wu Xinjun.

After living for several months, he led troops to attack Kang's father and joined Qi Tian Rong 、 Simalong And the army saved East Afghanistan , breaking the Qin army in Dong'e. Tian Rong then led the soldiers back and chased their king away. Fake death leads to Chu. false appearance Tian Jiao The death of Zhao. Brother Jiao is a general in the field, so he dare not return to Zhao. Tian Rongli Tian Dan Zishi is the king of Qi. The neck beam has been broken Lower army So he chased the Qin army. Several envoys are interested in joining forces, and they want to keep pace with the west. Tian Rong said, "Chu killed school holidays for farming in the countryside Zhao killed Tian Jiao and Tian Tian, but sent troops. " Xiang Liang said, "Tian pretended to be the king of the country. He came from me poor and couldn't bear to kill him." Zhao also refused to kill Tian Jiao. The field was in the same city. Qi refused to send troops to help Chu. Xiang Liang Envoy Peigong and Xiang Yu don't attack Chengyang , Tuzhi. The Qin army broke through Puyang in the west and gained income from Puyang. Peigong and Xiang Yu attack Ding Pottery 。 Before he left Dingtao, he went to Xilue to Xuanqiu, where he smashed the Qin army and killed Li You. Return to attack External yellow , not yellow outside.

Xiang Liang started from the east, west, and Dingtao, and then broke the Qin army. Song Yi But he admonished Xiang Liang, saying, "He who defeats his arrogant soldiers after defeating them will be less lazy now. Qin's army is growing day by day, and his officials are afraid of him." Xiang Liangfu listened. It was Song Yi who made it to Qi. Meet Qi Messenger Gao Ling Junxian , said: "Will the general see Wu and believe in the monarch?", said: "Yes.", said: "When I believe in the monarch's army, I will be defeated. If I walk slowly, I will avoid death. If I walk quickly, I will suffer disaster." Qin Guo learned the benefits of starting the army Zhang Han , strike the Chu army, and destroy the Dingtao, and Xiang Liang will die. Peigong Xiang Yu goes out to attack Chen Liu, but Chen Liu insists. Peigong and Xiang Yu said to Mou, "Now the Liang army is broken, and the soldiers are afraid." Lu Chen All the troops lead their troops to the east. Lv Chenjun, Peng Chengdong, Xiang Yujun, Peng Chengxi, Peigong, Dang.

Zhang Han had broken the Liang army, but he thought that the soldiers in Chu were not enough to worry about, so he crossed the river to attack Zhao and broke it. At this time, Zhao Xie As king, Chen Yu For, Open ear For phase, all come in Giant deer City. Zhang Handing Wang Li 、 Interrelated Surround the giant deer, Zhang Han To the south, build a corridor and lose the millet. Chen Yu, a general, marched tens of thousands of soldiers to the north of the giant deer, which is also called the army of Hebei.

The Chu troops had been broken in Dingtao. King Huai was afraid, and he took them from Pengcheng of Xutai, Xiang Yu and Lv's army. Take Lu Chen as the disciple and his father Lv Qing by district magistrate 。 Take Peigong as an example Dangjun Long, sealed as Wuhanhou , general Dang Jun Bing.

At the beginning, Song Yi met Gao Ling, an envoy of Qi, who was in the Chu army. He saw the king of Chu saying, "Song Yi believed in Wu and the army would be defeated. After several days, the army was defeated Preemptive defeat This can be said to know the soldiers. " Wang Zhao talked about Song Yi and scheming because he thought General Shang ； Xiang Yu was the Duke of Lu, the second general, Fan Zeng the last general, and saved Zhao. All the generals belong to Song Yi and are titled Qingzi Champion. Go to Anyang And stay for 46 days. Xiang Yu said, "I heard Qin Army around Zhao Wang The giant deer quickly led the troops across the river. Chu attacked the outside, and Zhao Yingqi attacked the inside. It was inevitable to defeat the Qin army. " Song Yi said, "Otherwise, a man who fights with a gadfly can't break the lice Qin attacked Zhao If we defeat, we will fight; If I can't win, then I will lead my troops to the west, and I will definitely lift Qin. So it's better to fight Qin and Zhao first. If a man is persevered, justice is better than righteousness; It is better to be just than just to sit and make decisions. " Because he ordered the army to say, "As fierce as a tiger, as cruel as a sheep, and as greedy as a wolf, if you are strong, you cannot send messengers to kill them!" He sent his son Song Xiang If you are in good condition, send them without salt, High level drinking meeting 。 The weather is cold and heavy, and the soldiers are cold and hungry. Xiang Yu said, "We will fight hard to attack the Qin Dynasty, but we can't stay long. This year's hungry people are poor, and the soldiers eat taro and beans. The army has no food to see. Instead, we will drink alcohol. We will not lead troops across the river because of Zhao's food. We will fight against the Qin Dynasty together with Zhao. We say, 'We will inherit our weakness! Moreover, the national army was newly broken, and the king was restless. The general was in charge of the territory, so the country was safe. Today, he is not a minister of the state because he does not sympathize with his soldiers and plays favoritism! " Xiang Yuchen's general Song Yi, who was beheaded in his tent, ordered the army to say, "Song Yi and Qi conspired against Chu, and the king of Chu Yin ordered Yu to kill him." When it was time, all generals were intimidated and dared not stick to their heads. They all said, "The first one to set up Chu is the general's family. Today's general is the one who kills chaos." Instead, they stood together with Yu as a fake general. Make people chase after Song Yizi and kill him. He sent Huanchu to report his order to King Huai. King Huai made Xiang Yu the supreme general. Dang Yangjun and General Pu are Xiang Yu.

Xiang Yu has killed Qing Zi's champion. He is famous in Chu. Instead, Dangyang Jun and General Pu were sent to take 20000 soldiers across the river to save the giant deer. Zhan Shaoli, Chen Jiefu invites soldiers. Xiang Yu learned that all the soldiers crossing the river were shipwrecked, the cauldrons and steamers were broken, the houses were burned, and he held three rations to show that the soldiers would die and that no one would return. So we went to the end to surround the king, meet the Qin army, fight nine battles, break through the passage, and kill Su Jiao , Luk Wang Li. If you don't come down to Chu, you will burn yourself. When it was, Chu was the best soldier. The vassals saved more than ten walls from the giant deer. They dare not jump into the ranks. When Chu attacked Qin, all generals stood on the wall. All the soldiers of Chu were ready to fight. The voice of Chu soldiers moved the sky, and all the vassals were afraid. So the Qin army was broken. Xiang Yu summoned the generals of the princes to enter Shaft gate All of them walked on their knees and dared not look up. Xiang Yuyou was the general of all the princes.

Zhang Hanjun, Ji Yuan, Xiang Yujun Zhangnan , the stalemate was not fought. The Qin army counted, but the second one made people give way to Zhang Han. Zhang Han was afraid to ask Chang Shixin for help. To Xianyang, stay Sima Men Three days, eunuch who conspired with Li Si to influence the succession to the First Emperor No, I don't believe. Long Shi Xin was afraid that he still followed his army and did not dare to leave the old way. Zhao Gaoguo makes people catch up with him. Xin Zhijun reported: "Zhao Gao used his power in the middle, and there was no one to do. If he could win this battle, Gao would be jealous of my achievements; if he could not win the battle, he would not be saved from death. May the general decide." Chen Yu also left Zhang Hanshu saying:“ White rise As a general of Qin Dynasty, he marched south to Yan Ying, Beikeng The horse clothing, seizing the city and seizing the land, is so unpredictable that it kills people. Meng Tian He was the general of Qin Dynasty, and fought for soldiers in the north Yuzhong It's thousands of miles away Yang Zhou 。 Who? Qin could not be fully awarded for his many contributions, because he was punished by law. Today, the general of Qin is three years old, and the number of lost and lost is 100000, while the number of princes growing up together is increasing. Gao Su, the former Zhao, has been flattering for a long time. Now the matter is urgent, and he is afraid of being punished by the second, so he wants to punish the general by law, so that people can take the place of the general to get rid of his misfortune. General Fu has lived outside for a long time and has many internal gaps. He will be punished for his meritorious deeds and for his inactive deeds. And the death of Qin, no fool is known. Today's generals cannot speak out directly in the army. They are foreign generals who have lost their country. How sad that they are so independent and want to live forever! Why don't the general return his troops and join the vassals to attack Qin together, divide the king's land, and be isolated in the south; Which of these is the same as the nature of the body, and the wife's killing? " Zhang Han is suspicious, Yin envoy Nascent Make Xiang Yu want to make an appointment. Before the end of the agreement, General Pu, the envoy of Xiang Yu, led troops across three households day and night to fight against the Qin Dynasty in Zhangnan. Xiang Yu learned that he had led his troops to attack the Qin army on the water and broke it.

Zhang Han asked people to meet Xiang Yu and make an appointment. Xiang Yu summoned a military official, Mou, to say, "Food is scarce, so I want to listen to his agreement." All the military officials said, "Good." Xiang Yu was with the Huan River south of the Yellow River Yin ruins On. Zhang Han, who had already made a league, shed tears when he saw Xiang Yu. He wanted to speak for Zhao Gao. Xiang Yu set up Zhang Hanwei King Yong , put the Chu army. Make Chang Shixin the supreme general and advance the Qin army.

reach Xin'an 。 The feudal officials were forced to garrison because of their different time another name for Shaanxi Province In the Qin Dynasty, there were many officials and soldiers. And when the Qin army surrendered to the vassals, the vassals' officials and soldiers took advantage of the victory of many slaves to capture the envoys, and lightly humiliated the Qin officials and soldiers. Many of the officials and soldiers of the Qin Dynasty said in secret: "General Zhang and others cheated my family to surrender to the princes. It is good to enter the pass and break the Qin Dynasty; that is, they cannot. The princes took my family to the east, and the Qin Dynasty will punish my parents and my wife." The generals heard about the plan and told Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu summoned Tsing Bu and General Pu to plan: "The officials and soldiers of the Qin Dynasty are still in the crowd, and their hearts are not satisfied. If they don't listen to the Central Plains, things will be dangerous. It's better to kill them, and enter the Qin Dynasty alone with Zhang Han, Chang Shixin, and Du Wei Yi." So the Chu army attacked more than 200000 Qin soldiers at night in Xin'an south of the city.

Outline Qindi 。 strategic Qin-dynasty pass in Henan Soldiers guard the pass and are not allowed to enter. It was also said that Peigong had broken Xianyang. Xiang Yu was so angry that he sent Dangyang Jun and others to attack the pass. Pei Gongjun Overlord , didn't meet Xiang Yu. Peigong Zuo Sima Cao Wushang The envoy said to Xiang Yu, "Pei Gong wants Wang Guanzhong Infants For the sake of beauty, there are all kinds of treasures. " Xiang Yu was so angry that he said, "To defeat Pei Gong's army, we can feast our soldiers every day!" When it was right, Xiang Yu had 400000 soldiers at Hongmen, Xinfeng, Peigong One hundred thousand soldiers, in the hegemonic; Fan Zeng said that Xiang Yu said, "When Peigong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for goods and loved beauty. Today, when he entered the Shanhaiguan Pass, he didn't get any goods and women were lucky, so his ambition is not small. I'm very popular. All of them are dragons and tigers Tianzi Qi Also. Don't lose it if you hit hard. "

Chu Zuo Yin Xiang Bo He, Xiang Yu's Jifu, is a good candidate chief counsellor of Liu Bang 。 Zhang Liang was from Peigong at that time. Xiang Bo was the Peigong army of Yechi. He saw Zhang Liang privately and told him about it. To call on Zhang Liang to go with him, he said, "Don't let him die." Han Wang Send it to Peigong. Peigong is in a hurry now. He has to die unjustly. " Liang was admitted and told Peigong. Duke Pei was shocked and said, "What can I do about it, Qindi You can be king. ' So listen. " Liang said:“ King of Materials Are the soldiers enough to be the king of Xiang? " Pei Gong was silent and said, "It's better than that, and what can we do about it?" Zhang Liang said, "Please go to predicate Uncle Xiang, and Yan Peigong dare not recite the king." Pei Gong said, "Jun An and Uncle Xiang have a reason?" Zhang Liang said, "In the Qin Dynasty, when you traveled with your officials, Xiang Bo killed people, and your officials lived. Now things are urgent, so it's lucky to come to tell Liang." Pei Gong said, "Who is less good than you?" Liang said, "You are better than your officials." Pei Gong said, "You call in for me, and I have to deal with my brother." Zhang Liang asked Xiang Bo to come out. Xiang Bo went to see Peigong. The Duke of Pei offered Zhijiu as his birthday, about marriage, and said, "I entered the pass, but I dare not get close to Qiuhe. I am an official and a civilian. I closed the treasury and waited for the general. So he sent the general to guard the pass, to prepare for the entrance and exit of the general. If you look at the general day and night, how dare you oppose him! Let the minister of Bo Yu dare not be more virtuous." Xiang Bo promised, saying that the Duke of Pei said, "You must come here to thank the king every day without fleas." The Duke of Pei said, "Yes." So Xiang Bo went to the army at night and reported to the king of Xiang with the words of Peigong, saying, "If Peigong doesn't break through the pass first, how dare he enter? People today have great achievements and attack them. It's better to be unjust than to meet them well." The king promised.

Peigong Dan came to see King Xiang and Hongmen from more than a hundred cavalries. Xie said, "My ministers and generals fought hard against Qin. They fought in Hebei and Henan. However, I didn't think I could enter the pass first and break through Qin. I could see the general here again. Now there are villains Words And make the general and his officials have something to say. " King Xiang said, "This Duke Pei left Sima Cao to speak without injury; otherwise, why did he come here?" King Xiang was staying with Duke Pei today to drink. Xiang Wang and Xiang Bodong sat down, Inferior father Southbound Sit down. The inferior father is Fan Zengye. Peigong sits facing north, and Zhang Liangxi faces the waiter. Fan increased the number of Xiang Wangs, and listed three of the jade rings he wore to show that Xiang Wangs should not be silent. Fan Zengqi went out to summon Xiang Zhuang and said, "The king can't bear to be a man. If he comes to the front, he will live a long life, Please use sword-dance , because he attacked Peigong and killed him. If they are not, they will be captured. " Zhuang Ze entered for longevity. At the end of Shou, he said, "The king drinks with Peigong. There is no joy in the army. Please dance with the sword." Xiang Wang said, "No!" Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced. Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced. He often covered Peigong with his body. Zhuang could not attack him. So Zhang Liang went to the military gate to see Fan Kuai Fan Kuai said, "What's going on today?" Liang said, "It's very urgent! Today's Xiangzhuang is drawing swords and dancing, which means it's always Peigong." Fan Kuai said, "It's urgent. Please come in and join him." Kuai took his sword and shield to enter the gate. The guard of the halberd was about to stop, so Fan Kuai side his shield to hit. The guard fell to the ground, and Kuai entered. He put on a drapery and stood in the west. He looked at the king of the neck angrily, his hair pointed up, and his eyes were all cracked. King Xiang pressed his sword and could not say, "Who are the guests?" Zhang Liang said, "Peigong's participation in Fan Kuai is also good." King Xiang said, "Heroes! Give me wine." And Douzhi wine. Give thanks, stand up and drink. King Xiang said, "Give it a shoulder." It is the same as a lifetime shoulder. Fan Kuai covered his shield on the ground, put on his shoulder, pulled out his sword and ate it. King Xiang said, "Can you drink again, a brave man?" Fan Kuai said, "If you die, don't avoid it. Don't forget about wine and say goodbye! The king of Qin has a heart of tiger and wolf. If you can't kill people, if you don't fear victory, all the people in the world will rebel. King Huai made an appointment with the generals, saying, 'The one who first broke Qin into Xianyang is the king.' Today, Duke Pei broke Qin into Xianyang first, Filiform hair Don't dare to approach, close the palace and return the army to the overlord, waiting for the king to come. Therefore, the general was sent to guard the pass, so that he could steal in and out. He worked hard and achieved such great success that he did not receive a reward from the marquis. But he listened carefully and wanted to kill those who had done meritorious deeds. This is the continuation of the death of Qin. He would not steal it from the king. " King Xiang did not respond. He said, "Sit down!" Fan Kuai sat down in good order. After sitting for a moment, Peigong got up and went to the toilet.

Duke Pei has gone out, and King Xiang is the envoy Chen Ping Zhao Peigong. Pei Gong said, "What can I do for those who have left today?" Fan Kuai said:“ Great business does not care about carefulness, great gifts do not refuse small concessions 。 Now people are A target I am a fish, what's the meaning? " So he went. He asked Zhang Liang to stay and thank him. Liang asked, "Where does the king come to do?" He said, "I hold a pair of white jade and want to present the king of Xiang; Jade dipper One pair, want to be with the father. If you are angry, you dare not offer. The public offered it to me. " Zhang Liang said, "I promise." At that time, Xiang Wang's army was under the Hongmen Gate, and Pei Gong's army was on the tyrant. Peigong then set up a bike and rode alone, and he joined Fan Kuai Marquis de Xia 、 Jin Qiang 、 Documentary letter Wait for four people to walk with swords and shields. From the foot of Li Mountain, Dao Zhi walks in the sun. The Duke of Pei said to Zhang Liang, "From here to our army, it is only twenty li. When I reach the army, the Duke will enter." The Duke of Pei has gone and entered the army. Zhang Liang thanked him and said, "Pei Gong has too many cups and scoops to say goodbye. I would like to ask my minister Liang Liang to present a pair of Bai Bi to the king again, and a pair of Yu Dou to the general Feng again." Xiang Wang said, "Is Pei Gong an officer?" Liang said, "I heard that the king intended to supervise him and left alone, so I have already arrived in the army." Xiang Wang accepted Bi, Put it sit on. The second father, who was attacked by jade, took the place and broke it with his sword, saying, "Alas, the shaft is not enough to help. If you take the king's crown, you will find Peigong. I am now a prisoner." Peigong went to the army and killed Cao Wushang.

After several days of living, Xiang Yu led troops to kill Xianyang in the west, kill Qin's baby prince, and burn Qin's palace. The fire kept burning for three months, and the women who collected his goods and treasures went east. Some people said that King Xiang said, "The mountains and rivers in Guanzhong are blocked by four blockades, and the land is fertile and fertile, so all of them can be bullies." King Xiang saw that Qin's palaces were all burned and damaged, and he wanted to return to the east with a deep heart, saying:“ Wealth and honour never return to their hometown, just like embroidering clothes at night Who knows! " The speaker said, "People say that people in the Chu State bathe monkeys and crown their ears, which is true." King Xiang heard of it and cooked the speaker.

King Xiang killed King Huai. King Huai said, "As promised." He honored King Huai as a righteous emperor. King Xiang wanted to be the king himself. He first ruled all the generals and ministers and said, "When the world was in trouble at the beginning, he pretended to set up princes and then attacked Qin. However, he was determined to do the first thing and was exposed to the wild for three years. Those who destroyed Qin and settled the world were all generals and ministers. Although the righteous emperor did not have merit, he should divide his land and king it." All the generals said, "Good!" It is to divide the world and set up generals as princes. King Xiang and Fan Zeng suspected that Peigong had the world. They had already explained that Peigong was evil, and they were afraid that the princes would betray him. They were conspiring to say, "The roads of Ba and Shu are dangerous, and all the people who migrated from Qin Dynasty live in Shu." They said, "Ba and Shu are also places in the Guanzhong area." So Peigong was appointed as Han King , Wangba, Shu Hanzhong ，都 Nanzheng 。 In the third part of the pass, Wang Qin surrendered to the general to distance himself from the King of Saihan. King Xiang Nai established Zhanghan as King Yong. To the west of Wang Xianyang Waste mound 。 Long Shi Xin, therefore, is a purveyor in the city of Queyang. He has a taste of virtue in Xiang Liang; Duwei Dong Yi He advised Zhang Han to surrender to Chu. Therefore Sima Xin It is the King of Cyprus. To the east of Wang Xianyang, it reaches the river, all of which is Queyang; Li Dong Yiwei Zhai Wang , Wang Shangjun ，都 Gaonu 。 Migration Wei Wang Bao by King of the Western Wei Dynasty , Wang Hedong, Dupingyang. Flaw mound Shenyang Zhang Er loved his officials and went to Henan first to meet Chu River, so he set Shen Yang as Henan Wang , Luoyang. Han Wangcheng Because of the old capital, Yangzhai is the capital. Zhao Jiang Simaon He has made contributions to Hanoi, so Li Ang is King Yin , Wang Hanoi, all sang in court. Migration Zhao Wangxie Acting as king. Zhao Xiang, Zhang Ersuxian, had entered the pass again, so he set up his ears as Changshan King , Wang Zhaodi, Du Xiangguo 。 When Yang Jun tsing cloth was a general of Chu and a champion, he made cloth the King of Jiujiang, Du Liu. Pojun Wu Rui Led Baiyue to assist the princes and entered the pass again, so Rui was appointed Hengshan Mountain Wang, Du Zhu. Yidi Zhu State Gongao General strike Sundgau , many achievements, because he made Ao as Linjiang King ，都 Jiangling 。 Migrate to the Yan King Han Guang by King of Liaodong 。 Yan Jiang Zang tea He saved Zhao from Chu. Since he entered the pass, he set up a tea as the King of Yan and the capital of thistle. Relocate the King of Qi Tian Shi by Jiaodong King 。 Qi Jiang Tiandu He saved Zhao from the Communist Party. Since he entered the Shanhaiguan Pass, he made the capital the king of Qi Linzi 。 So Qin destroyed Qi Wangjian Sun Tian An , Xiang Yu Fang crossed the river to save Zhao, Tian An went to the north to count the cities, and led his troops to Xiang Yu, so Li An King of Jibei , Du Boyang. Tian Rong, who counted the negative beams, refused to send troops from Chu to attack Qin, so he refused to be sealed. Cheng'an You, Chen and Yu abandoned the seal and refused to enter the pass. However, you have heard of his merit, his contribution to Zhao, and his presence Nanpi , so the ring Front Cover County. Fan Jun had made many contributions to Mei Juan, so he was granted 100000 marquises. King Xiang established himself as Overlord of Western Chu , Wangjiujun, and Pengcheng.

In April of the first year of the Han Dynasty, the princes stopped playing Local 。 When King Xiang came out of the country, he sent people to the Yi Emperor. He said, "The ancient emperor was thousands of miles away, and he must live upstream." He sent people to the Yi Emperor Changsha Chenxian County 。 The Quyi Emperor, whose officials betrayed him a little, was killed in the river by Hengshan and Linjiang kings. Han Wangcheng Without military merit, the king of Xiang did not make the country, and all of them went to Pengcheng. They dismissed them as marquises and killed them again. The country of Zang Tu, because of chasing Han Guangzhi Liaodong , Guangfu listens, and the tea kills Guangwuzhong, and the king's land.

Tian Rongwen, Xiang Yu and Qiwang City Jiaodong He appointed Tiandu as the king of Qi. He was so angry that he refused to send Jiaodong of the king of Qi to fight against Tiandu. Tiandu goes to Chu. King Wei of Qi City is the country of Jiaodong, which was destroyed. Tian Rongnu, chase and kill him compound surname 。 Rong established himself as King of Qi, and killed Wang Tian'an in Jibei in the west, Merge kings Three Qi 。 Rong and Peng Yue General seal , which makes it difficult. Chen Yu Yin Emissary Zhang Tong Xia said about Tian Rong, the king of Qi, "Xiang Yu is the ruler of the world. It is not fair. Today, the king has ended up in the ugly land, while Wang and his officials have good land to oust his former leader. King Zhao lived in the northern part of the country, and I thought it was impossible. When I heard that the king rose up, and did not listen to injustice, I would like the king to spare troops. Please fight against Changshan, recover the king of Zhao, and take the country as a shield." King Xu Zhi, the king of Qi, was sent by Zhao. Chen Yu heard that three county soldiers had been sent to fight against Changshan and break through it. Zhang Er goes back to the Han Dynasty. Chen Yu welcomed the former King of Zhao, who retired to replace him, and vice versa. The king of Zhao appointed Chen Yu as his substitute.

At that time, the Han Dynasty also established the Three Qin Dynasties. Xiang Yu was furious when he heard that the Han kings had merged into Guanzhong, and to the east, Qi and Zhao rebelled against him. That's why Wu ordered Zheng Chang He is the king of Han Dynasty and is far away from Han Dynasty. order Xiao Gongjiao Wait for Peng Yue. Peng Yuebai, Xiao Gongjiao, etc. Zhang Liang, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, played favoritism for Han, but Xiang Shu said, "The Han King was derelict in his duty. If he wanted to win the Central Shaanxi Plain, he would stop as promised and dare not go east." He also said, "Qi wanted to destroy Chu together with Zhao." So Chu had no intention of going west, and attacked Qi to the north. Recruitment of Jiujiang King Cloth. Bu said that the disease would not go, and thousands of people would walk. King Xiang complained about cloth. In the winter of the second year of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu went north to Chengyang, and Tian Rong also fought. Tian Rong was too proud to walk to the plain, and the people in the plain killed him. So the houses in the city walls of the Yi and Qi Dynasties were burned in the north. All of them paid attention to the glory of the field and surrendered their soldiers, and they were old and weak women. Many people perished when they reached Beihai. Qi people met and betrayed. So Tian Rongdi field plover Collect tens of thousands of dead soldiers and oppose Chengyang. Because Xiang Wang stayed, Lian Zhan was unable to leave.

Spring, Han King Department Five princes Five hundred and sixty thousand soldiers attacked Chu in the east. When King Xiang heard of it, he ordered all the generals to attack him, and he sent 30000 elite soldiers out of the Huling from Lu to the south. In April, all Han people had entered Pengcheng to collect their goods, Daily setting A high wine meeting. Xiang Wang Naixi attacked the Han Army eastward from Xiao in the morning to Pengcheng, and defeated the Han Army in Japan and China. The Han army all left and followed them into the valley and Surabaya, killing more than 100000 Han soldiers. All Han soldiers are in the south Mountain walking , Chu pursued to Lingbi east Suishui On. However, the Han army was crowded by Chu and killed many people. More than 100000 Han soldiers entered Suishui River, and Suishui River did not flow. Surround the Han King for three turns. So the strong wind rose from the northwest, folded the wood and sent the house, raised the sand and stone, and met the Chu army in the dark days. The army of Chu was in chaos and scattered. The king of Han had to flee with dozens of horses. He wanted to pass Pei and collected his family to the west; The State of Chu also made people follow the king of the Han Dynasty: all the families were dead, and they would not meet the king of the Han Dynasty. When the king of the Han Dynasty met with filial piety and Lu Yuan, it was a way of carrying on. Chu rode after the King of Han. The King of Han was anxious. He pushed Xiaohui and Lu Yuan to get off, Teng Gong It is usually collected. If so, three. Said: "Although urgent can not drive, why should Nai abandon it?" So he got rid of it. Qiu Taigong Empress Lv Don't meet. Eat it I went between Tai Gong and Empress Lv to ask for the King of Han, but I met the Chu army. Then the Chu army returned and reported to King Xiang, who was always in the army.

At that time, Empress Lv's elder brother Zhou Lvhou was the residence of Han soldiers Xiayi , the Han kings went there and collected their soldiers slightly. to Xingyang All defeated troops will be able to, Xiao He It was also found that the old and the weak in Guanzhong had not yet learned about Xingyang, and they were revived. Chu started in Pengcheng and often fought against the Han in Xingyang, Nanjing and Suojian. The Han defeated Chu, so Chu could not cross Xingyang to the west.

King Xiang saved Pengcheng and chased the Han King to Xingyang. Tian Heng also had to take back all the soldiers and made Rongzi the king of Qi. After the defeat of the Han King in Pengcheng, all the princes returned to the Chu State and backed away from the Han Dynasty. The Han army in Xingyang built a river to take Aocang Millet. In the third year of the Han Dynasty, King Xiang usurped Han Yong Dao. The King of Han was hungry, afraid, and asked for peace. He cut the west of Xingyang into Han.

King Xiang wants to hear it. Li Yang Hou Fanzeng said, "The Han Dynasty changed with the ear, and now Shifu will take it, and later he will regret it." King Xiang and Fan Zeng quickly encircled Xingyang. The king of the Han Dynasty was attacked by Chen Ping. The envoy of King Xiang came here for the sake of being too firm. He wanted to enter. When he saw the messenger, he was shocked and said, "I think the messenger of the Asian father is the messenger of the anti Xiang king. The envoy returned to the King Xiang, who doubted Fan Zeng's private relationship with the Han Dynasty, and took a little of the power. Fan increased his anger and said, "The world is settled. The king will do it himself. I wish to give bones to his soldiers." Xiang Wang promised. Before you arrive at Pengcheng Hair dorsum And die.

Han general Documentary letter The king of Han said, "The matter is urgent. Please take Chu as the king for the king, and the king can intervene." So the king of Han went out of the east gate of Xingyang at night and was attacked by two thousand soldiers from all directions. Ji Xin rode in a yellow car and Fu Zuodang said, "The king of Han will surrender when the food in the city is exhausted." Long live the Chu army. The king of Han also went out from the west gate of the city with dozens of horses Chenggao 。 When King Xiang saw the letter, he asked, "Is the king of Han still there?" He said, "The king of Han has gone out." King Xiang burned the letter.

Han King Envoy imperial censor Zhou Kuo 、 Zong Gong 、 Wei Bao Keep Xingyang. Zhou Kuo and Zong Gongmou said, "It is difficult for a king who opposes the country to defend the city." They killed Wei Bao together. Chu went to Xingyang City and was born in Zhouke. King Xiang said that Zhou Jiao said, "For my general, I regard the public as the supreme general, and close 30000 households." Zhou Jiao scolded, "If you don't want to surrender Han, Han will be captured today, if not Han's enemy." King Xiang was angry, cooked Zhou Jiao, and killed Zong Gong.

The king of the Han Dynasty went out of Xingyang, went south to Wan and Ye, got the King Bu of Jiujiang, withdrew his troops, and returned to Baochenggao. In the fourth year of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Wang marched into Chenggao. The king of the Han Dynasty escaped and left the north gate of Chenggao alone with Teng Gong. He crossed the river and practiced martial arts Han Xin Army. The generals came to Chenggao slightly, from the king of Han Dynasty. Chu then rose to the west. The Han envoys kept their soldiers away from the enemy and ordered them not to go west.

At that time, Peng Yue crossed the river to attack Chu Dong'e and kill General Chu Xue Gong 。 King Xiang attacked Peng Yue from the east. Han Wang De Huaiyin Marquis Soldiers want to cross Henan. Zheng Zhong said that the king of the Han Dynasty would stop the river. Make Jia general help Peng Yue and burn Chu. Xiang Wang Dong broke it and went to Peng Yue. The king of the Han Dynasty led his troops across the river, took Chenggao again, marched in Guangwu, and ate in Aocang. King Xiang has decided to come to the East China Sea, and to the west, both the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty will face Guangwu for several months.

At this time, Peng Yue counted the rebellious lands and cut off the grain of Chu. King Xiang suffered. For the sake of Gao Zu, he placed Taigong on top of him and told the King of Han, "I'm not in a hurry now. I'll cook Taigong. Xiang Bo said, "Things in the world are unknown, and those who are in the world do not care about their families. Although killing is not beneficial, it is only beneficial to the ears." Xiang Wang followed suit.

Chu and Han have been in a stalemate for a long time, but Ding Zhuang has struggled with his army. King Xiang said to the king of the Han Dynasty, "Those who are hungary and hungary for several years in the world are willing to challenge the king of the Han Dynasty with my two ears, instead of suffering the people of the world, father and son." The king of the Han Dynasty smiled and said, "I would rather fight for wisdom than strength." King Xiang ordered the brave men to challenge. There are good horsemen and archers in Han Dynasty Loufan Chu challenged Sanhe and Lou Fan shot him. King Xiang was so angry that he was challenged by Jia with halberd. When Lou Fan wanted to shoot him, King Xiang was angry with his eyes. Lou Fan dared not look at him, and he dared not send his hand. So he walked back into the wall and dared not return. The king of the Han Dynasty asked people to ask him, which was the king of Xiang. The King of Han was shocked. So King Xiang was talking between King Xiang of Han Dynasty and Lin Guangwu. The king of the Han Dynasty was so angry that he wanted to fight. The King of Han refused to listen, and King Xiang shot the King of Han with a crossbow. The king of the Han Dynasty was injured and walked into Chenggao.

When King Xiang heard that the Huaiyin marquis had already promoted Hebei, he broke Qi and Zhao, and wanted to attack Chu, so he made Longjue Hit it. Huaiyin marquis and cavalry general Infanticide Hit it, break the Chu army and kill Longqi. Han Xin became King of Qi because of his self-reliance. When King Xiang heard of the dragon and the army was broken, he was afraid, so he sent Xutai people to talk about Huaiyin Marquis.^{[5 ]} Huaiyin Hou Fu listens. At that time, Peng Yuefu rebelled, went down to the Liangdi, and cut off the grain of Chu. Xiang Wang is called Hai Chun Hou Dasima Cao Jiu and others said, "If we guard Chenggao carefully, then the Han Dynasty wants to challenge. We should be careful not to fight with him, so as not to make him win the east. On the 15th, I will punish Peng Yue, fix the Liangdi, and follow the general again." Naidong , strike the old and stay out of the yellow.

The exterior is yellow. A few days later, the king of Xiang was angry. He learned that the man had reached the east of the city in his 15th year and wanted to punish him. Wai Huang's son was 13 years old. He said to King Xiang, "Peng Yueqiang robbed Wai Huang, and Wai Huang was afraid of it, so he came down and treated the king. When the king arrived, they all respected him. Did the people return? Since then, more than ten cities in the east of Liangdi were afraid of it, so they would not go down." Wang Xiang said, but he was the one who pardoned Wai Huang. To the east Suiyang All who hear of it compete for the next king.

Han Guo counts the Chu army, but the Chu army cannot fight. It will humiliate people. Five or six days later, Dasima will be angry and the soldiers will be crossed Semaphore 。 The soldiers half crossed, the Han attacked, and the Chu army was completely defeated Chu State Goods. Dasi Ma Jiu, Chang Shiyi and Sai Wangxin all cut their throat and splashed on the water. Big Sima was the culprit, so he was the jailer, and Chang Shixin was also the jailer of Liyang. Both of them had a taste of virtue in Xiang Liang, and they were trusted by Xiang Wang. When it was time, King Xiang was in Suiyang. When he heard that the Hai Chun Hou's army was defeated, he drew troops back. Han Army Fangwei Zhong Li In the east of Xingyang, Xiang Wang arrived. The Han army was afraid of Chu and walked in danger.

At that time, Han soldiers had plenty of food, and Xiang Wang soldiers stopped eating. Han Dispatch Lu Jia Speaking of King Xiang, please Taigong and King Xiang can't listen. Fu Emissary of the Han King Duke Hou To speak of King Xiang, he made a treaty with the Han Dynasty, dividing the world in the middle. The one who cut the gap to the west is Han, and the one to the east is Chu. Xu Zhi, the King of Xiang, was the wife of the King of Han's parents. Long live all the soldiers. Wang Nai of the Han Dynasty granted Hou Gong the title of King Ping. He is willing to see again. He said, "This debater in the world lives in the country of Qing, so he is called the King of Ping." King Xiang had already made an appointment, but he led the troops back to the east.

When the Han Dynasty wanted to return to the west, Zhang Liang and Chen Ping said, "The Han Dynasty had more than half of the world, and all the princes were attached to it. When the Chu soldiers stopped eating, it would be better to take it because of its opportunity when the sky died. Today, when Shi Fu attacked, it was called 'raising a tiger left a legacy'." The king of Han heard it. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, the King of the Han Dynasty pursued the King Xiang to Xianan, Yangyang, stopped the army, and attacked the Chu army with Han Xin, the Huaiyin Marquis, and built a meeting with Hou Peng and Yue. As far as Guling is concerned, the soldiers who believe and Yue will not. Chu attacked the Han army and broke it. The king of the Han Dynasty returned to the wall, deeply cut and guarded himself. Predicate Zhang Zifang He said, "What can the princes do if they don't follow the agreement Gucheng ， With Peng Yue: Let each fight for himself, and Chu will easily lose. " The king of Han said, "Good." So he sent a messenger to Han Xin and Peng Yue, saying, "Strike Chu together. Chu was broken, from Chen Yidong to Fu Hai and the king of Qi, and from Suiyang to Gucheng and Peng Xiangguo to the north." When the messenger arrived, Han Xin and Peng Yue both reported, "Please march today." Han Xin went from Qi, and Liu Jia's army went from Shouchun to Gaixia. Dasima Zhou Yin Betrayed Chu, slaughtered Liu with Shu, raised Jiujiang soldiers, followed Liu Jia Peng Yuejie will be Gaixia, the king of Yixiang.

King Xiang's Army Wall Gaixia The Han army and the vassals were heavily encircled. Hearing the songs of Chu on all sides of the Han army at night, Xiang Wangnai was shocked and said, "Have all Han people learned Chu? How many Chu people are there?" Xiang Wangnai got up at night and drank in his tent. There are beauties named Yu, who are always lucky to follow; The steed is famous Zhui and often rides it. So King Xiang lamented in a sad song and wrote his own poem:“ The strength to pull out the mountain is incomparable When things go wrong, they will never die. Zhui doesn't die, but what can I do? What can I do with Yuxi? " Several songs, beauty and it. The king of Xiang sobbed for several lines, both left and right sobbed, and could not look up.

So King Xiang got on his horse and rode, and more than 800 of his warriors rode out of the south until night. In the Ming Dynasty, the Han army was aware of it and ordered the cavalry to give the baby five thousand cavalry to chase him. The king of Xiang crossed the Huaihe River, and more than one hundred people could ride. King Xiang to the Hell Mausoleum, lost, ask me Tian Fu Tian Fu said "Left". On the left, we are trapped in the great river. So Han caught up with it. King Xiang was able to lead the army to the east, and to the east city, there were 28 cavalries. The Han cavalry pursued thousands of people. The king of Xiang could not get away from himself. He said to his cavalry, "I have been eight years old since I started the war, and I have fought more than seventy battles. The one I am fighting for is defeated. The one I am fighting for is not defeated, so I have dominated the world. But now I am trapped here, and the death of this day is not a crime of war. Today I am determined to fight for you quickly, and I will win three times. I will break the encirclement for you, cut off generals, and cut the flag, so that you know that the death of heaven is not a crime of war." He divided his cavalry into four teams, Four way. The number of encirclements by the Han army was heavy. King Xiang said to his cavalry, "I will take that general for the public." He ordered his cavalry to ride down on all sides, expecting three places in Shandong. So King Xiang shouted to gallop down, and all the Han troops were defeated, so he killed a general of Han. At that time, the Marquis of Chiquan was a cavalry general, chasing the King of Xiang. The King of Xiang was angry and scolded. The Marquis of Chiquan was frightened by his people and horses, and there were three places where he could ride with him for several miles. The Han army did not know where King Xiang was, but divided the army into three parts to encircle him. Xiang Wang Naichi, once again beheaded a Han Duwei, killed hundreds of people, gathered his cavalry again, and killed two of his cavalry ears. It means that the riders say, "What is it like?" The riders say, "As the great king said."

So King Xiang wanted to cross the Wujiang River eastward. Wujiang village constable When the ship was waiting, Xiang Wang said: "Although Jiangdong is small, the place is thousands of miles away, and there are hundreds of thousands of people, which is enough for the king. I wish the king could make an urgent crossing. Today, the only minister has a ship, and the Han army has arrived, and there is no way to cross? Even if he doesn't say anything, does he deserve to be alone? " The pavilion commander said, "I know the elder. I ride this horse for five years. I am invincible. I can travel thousands of miles a day. I can't bear to kill him, so I can give him a gift." He ordered all the riders to get off their horses and walk on foot and fight with short arms. Hundreds of Han soldiers were killed by the independent army. King Xiang's body was also created by more than ten people. Gu Jianhan Riding a horse Lu Matong , said, "If it were not my old friend?" Ma Tong pointed to Wang Yi and said, "This is the king." Xiang Wang said, "I heard Hangou I have a thousand gold coins and ten thousand households. I am Ruode. " He committed suicide. Wang Yi took his head, and the rest of his horses trampled and trampled each other for the king of Xiang, killing dozens of people. Next, Lang Zhongqi Yang Xi , riding Sima Lv's horse boy, the doctor Lv Sheng and Yang Wu got their own combination. All five people are the same. Therefore, it can be divided into five places: Lv Ma Tong was granted the title of Marquis of Zhongshui Wang Yi Duyan Marquis, Yang Xi Marquis of Chiquan, Yang Wu Marquis of Wu Fang Lv Sheng by Niyang Hou.

King Xiang is dead, and all the land of Chu has surrendered to Han, but Lu is not alone. The Han Dynasty drew the soldiers from all over the world to kill them, and kept the rites and justice for them. It was the death of the Lord that he held the head of King Xiang to show Lu, and Lu's father and brother surrendered. At the beginning, King Huai of Chu first granted Xiang Ji the title of Duke Lu and his death. Lu finally went down, so he buried Xiang Wanggu City with the ceremony of Duke Lu. Han Wang Wei Lament , sobbing away.

The king of the Han Dynasty did not punish the branches of Xiang. He was appointed Xiang Bo Sheyang Hou. Marquis Tao, Marquis Pinggao, and Marquis Xuanwu all took the Xiang surname and were granted the Liu surname.

title for the historians Sima qian and his father Sima tan Said: I heard that Zhou Sheng said, "Shun's eyes cover Heavy pupil ”, and heard that Xiang Yu also had heavy pupils. How can the feather be evil? What kind of violence! When Qin and Fu lost their political power, it was difficult for Chen to get involved in the first place. Heroes swarmed and fought with each other. However, Yu did not have his own size. He took advantage of his power to rise from Longmu. In three years, he destroyed the Qin Dynasty and divided the world. He was granted the title of prince, and his government was led by Yu. Although his position did not end, it has never happened since ancient times. With his back, Yu cared about Chu, exiled the righteous emperor, and stood on his own feet. It was difficult to complain that the prince betrayed himself. Be proud of your achievements and strive for your own wisdom instead of learning from the past. It is called the overlord's business, and wants to manage the world by force. Five years later, he died in his country, and died in the east city, yet he did not realize that he was too lazy to blame himself. It is a fallacy to quote that "Heaven has killed me, not the crime of military use"!^[3]

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Xiang nationality It is the next phase person, with the character of feather. He was twenty-four when the accident began. Xiang Ji's uncle is Corbel , Xiang Liang's father is Xiang Yan Is the general of Chu who was killed by General Qin Wang Jian. Xiang's surname Made from generation to generation Chu State The senior general of was granted the title of Xiang, so his surname was Xiang.

Xiang Ji learned to write and read when he was a child, but he didn't learn any more without success; He learned swordsmanship again, but failed. Xiang Liang was angry with him. Xiang Ji said, "Writing can be used to Name Just do it; Swordsmanship can only defeat one person. It is not worth learning. I want to learn the ability to compete with ten thousand people. " So Xiang Liang taught Xiang Ji the art of war. Xiang Ji was very happy, but he just understood the general idea of the art of war and refused to learn it to the end. Xiang Liang was once implicated in a crime and was Queyang County Arrest and go to jail, he will ask Qi County Purveyor Cao Jiu Wrote a love letter to Queyang Purveyor Sima Xin Because of this, the matter was settled. Later, Xiang Liang killed another person. In order to avoid the enemy, he fled with Xiang Ji to Wuxian County 。 The talented scholar bureaucrats in Wuxian County are not as capable as Xiang Liang. Whenever there is a large-scale corvee or a big funeral in Wuxian County, Xiang Liang often acts as the sponsor, and secretly deploys and organizes guests and young people with military tactics to understand their talents. First Emperor of Qin visit Kuaiji County When crossing Zhejiang, Xiang Liang and Xiang Ji went to watch together. Xiang Ji said, "That man, I can replace him." Xiang Liang hurriedly covered his mouth and said, "Don't talk nonsense. You should kill all the people." But Xiang Liang felt that Xiang Ji was very unusual. Xiang Ji is more than eight feet tall, powerful and capable of lifting the tripod. His talent is more than ordinary people, even if Wuzhong The local young people are also in awe of him.

Second Emperor of the Qin dynasty In July of the first year (209 BC), Chen Shi Wait at Daze Township Uprising 。 In September of that year, Kuaiji County Keep Yin Tong Say to Xiang Liang:“ Yangtze River Ezekies have all rebelled. This is also the time when God will destroy the Qin Dynasty. I heard that you can control others by starting first, and then you will be controlled by others. I'm going to fight against Qin, let you and Huanchu Lead the army. " Huanchu was fleeing in the grass. Xiang Liang said, "Huan Chu is on the run, and no one knows where he is going, only Xiang Ji knows." So Xiang Liang went out and asked Xiang Ji to wait outside with a sword, and then came in and sat down with Yan Tong, the sheriff, and said, "Please let me call Xiang Ji in, and let him be ordered to call Huan Chu." The sheriff said, "OK." Xiang Liang called Xiang Ji in. After a short pause, Xiang Liang winked at Xiang Ji and said, "You can do it now." So Xiang Ji pulled out his sword and cut off the head of the prefecture guard. Xiang Liang held the head of the sheriff in his hand and hung his official seal on his body. The sheriff's subordinates were very frightened and in a mess. Xiang Ji killed more than one hundred people in a row. The whole county was so frightened that no one dared to get up. Xiang Liang summoned the powerful officials he was familiar with and explained to them the reason for the uprising against Qin, so he launched the army in Wuzhong. Xiang Liang sent people to take over the counties under Kuaiji County, and a total of 8000 troops were recruited. He also deployed the heroes in the county and sent them to be the school captain, Hou and Sima respectively. One of them was not appointed. He came to Xiang Liang to tell him, "I asked you to do something for a family funeral a few days ago. You didn't succeed, so you can't be appointed." Everyone was very impressed. So Xiang Liang became the prefect of Kuaiji, and Xiang Ji was the deputy general, going to patrol and occupy the subordinate counties.

At this time, Guangling people Zhaoping by Chen Wang Go to patrol and occupy Guangling, but Guangling has not surrendered. When Zhao Ping heard that King Chen's army was defeated and retreated, and Qin's army was about to arrive again, he crossed the Yangtze River and paid homage to Xiang Liang on behalf of King Chen's order King of Chu Of Upper Pillars 。 Zhao Ping said, "The land in the east of the Yangtze River has been settled. Hurry to lead troops to the west to attack the Qin Dynasty." Xiang Liang led 8000 people across the Yangtze River to march westward. It's said that Chen Ying has occupied Dongyang Xiang Liang sent messengers to Dongyang to join forces with Chen Ying and march westward. Chen Ying , originally from Dongyang County Lingshi He has always been honest and prudent in the county, and people praise him as a honest man. The young people of Dongyang County killed the county magistrate and gathered thousands of people to elect a leader. If they couldn't find a suitable candidate, they came to invite Chen Ying. Chen Ying refused to say that he was incompetent, so they forced Chen Ying to be the leader. Twenty thousand people followed him in the county. Those young people wanted to simply make Chen Ying king. To distinguish themselves from other armies, they wrapped their heads in green scarves to show that they were a newly rising rebel army. Chen Ying's mother said to Chen Ying, "Since I became the daughter-in-law of your Chen family, I have never heard of a noble person in your Chen family. Now that you suddenly have such a great reputation, I'm afraid it's not an auspicious sign. In my opinion, it's better to belong to someone. If an accident succeeds, you can still be a marquis, and if an accident fails, you can easily escape, because then you will not be the world's most famous person." Chen Ying listened to his mother and didn't dare to be king. He said to the military officials, "The Xiang family has been a great general for generations, and is a famous family in the State of Chu. Now if we want to rise and achieve great things, we must have the Xiang family. We rely on the famous family, and it is certain that the Qin Dynasty will be destroyed." So the army obeyed his words and attributed the army to Xiang Liang. Head beam crossing Huaihe River Moving northward, tsingling cloth (i.e British cloth ）、 General Pu Also lead the troops to the neck beam. In this way, Xiang Liang has a total of 60000 to 70000 people stationed in Xiapi 。

At this time, Qin Jia Already established Jingju He became the King of Chu and stationed in the east of Pengcheng to stop Xiang Liang from moving westward. Xiang Liang said to the soldiers, "King Chen was the first to revolt, and the battle was not successful. I don't know where he is now. Now Qin Jia has betrayed King Chen and set up Jingju as the King of Chu, which is a great injustice." So he marched to attack Qin Jia. Qin Jia's army fled after defeat, and Xiang Liang led his troops to pursue Hu Ling. Qin Jia turned back to fight with Xiang Liang. After a day of fighting, Qin Jia died and the troops surrendered. Jingju escapes to Liangdi and dies there. Xiang Liang received Qin Jia's troops and stationed them in Huling. He was ready to lead the army west to attack Qin. General Qin Zhang Han Led the army to Lixian County, General of Xiangliang Sect Cinnabar 、 Yu Fanjun Go to fight Zhang Han. As a result, Yu Fanjun died, Zhu Jishi was defeated and fled back to Huling. Xiang Liang led his troops into Xue County and killed Zhu Jishi. Before that, Xiang Liang sent Nape feather In addition, we went to attack Xiangcheng. Xiangcheng stood firm and refused to surrender. After Xiang Ji captured Xiangcheng, he buried all the soldiers and civilians there alive, and then came back to report to Xiang Liang. Xiang Liang heard that King Chen was indeed dead, so he called all the people together Don't Come to Xue County to have a party and discuss major issues. At this time, Peigong Also in Peixian County Rise up and go on call Xue County Attended the party.

Residents Fan Zeng At the age of 70, he always lived in a poor family and liked to think about strange schemes. He came to persuade Xiang Liang to say, "Chen Sheng should have failed. Qin destroyed six countries Chu is the most innocent. since King Huai of Chu He was cheated into Qin and did not return. People of Chu still sympathize with him; So Chu's Nangong It said, 'Even if there are only three families left in the State of Chu, it must be the State of Chu that destroyed the State of Qin'. Now when Chen Sheng is uprising, he does not establish the descendants of the State of Chu as the king, and his potential will not be long. Now you are Jiangdong In the beginning, there were so many officers and men of the State of Chu flying up like bees to join you. That's because Xiang has been the general of the State of Chu from generation to generation, and he will certainly re-establish the descendants of the State of Chu as the king. " Xiang Liang thought Fan Zeng's words were reasonable, so he went to the folk to look for the grandson of King Huai of Chu Bear heart Xiong Xin was herding sheep for others. When Xiang Liang found him, he used his grandfather's posthumous title to make him King Huai of Chu, in order to comply with the wishes of the people of Chu. Chen Ying, as the leader of the Chu State, granted him five counties to assist King Huai in building the capital Xutai. Xiang Liang himself is called Wu Xinjun.

A few months later, Xiang Liang led his troops to attack Kang Fu and joined General Qi Tian Rong 、 Sima Longjue Our troops came together to rescue East Afghanistan , defeated the Qin army in East Afghanistan. Tian Rong immediately leads his soldiers back Qi State , drove the king of Qi away school holidays for farming in the countryside 。 Tian Ying fled to the State of Chu. Tian Ying's physiognomy Tian Jiao Escape to the State of Zhao. Tian Jiao's younger brother field He used to be a general of the State of Qi. He stayed in the State of Zhao and dared not return to the State of Qi. Tian Rongli Tian Dan 's son Tian Shi He is the king of Qi. After Xiang Liang defeated the Qin army near Dong'e, he went to pursue the defeated army of Qin. He sent envoys many times to urge Qi to send troops to the west. Tian Rong said, "The State of Chu killed Tian Fay, and the State of Zhao killed Tian Jiao and Tian Tian, so I sent troops." Xiang Liang said, "Tian Fay is the king of our allies. I have no choice but to follow me. I can't bear to kill him." The State of Zhao also refused to kill Tian Jiao and Tian Tian came to do business with the State of Qi. Qi refused to send troops to help the Chu army. Xiang Liang sent Peigong and Xiang Yu to attack Chengyang and kill the county. Then he moved westward and defeated the Qin army to the east of Puyang. Qin collected the defeated troops and retreated into Puyang City. Peigong and Xiang Yu went to fight Ding Pottery 。 Dingtao did not fight, but left Dingtao and went west to attack along the road cities and towns , until Yongqiu, defeat the Qin army and kill Li You 。 Then turn around and attack External yellow , not captured.

Corbel He set out from East Afghanistan to the west. When he arrived at Dingtao, he had already defeated the Qin army twice. Xiang Yu and others killed Li You again. Therefore, he despised the Qin army even more and gradually showed his pride. Song Yi So he admonished Xiang Liang and said, "When a battle is won, the generals will be proud, and the soldiers will be lazy. Such an army must suffer defeat. Now the soldiers are a bit lazy, and Qin's troops are increasing day by day. I'm worried for you." Xiang Liang refused to listen, but sent Song Yi as an envoy to Qi. Song Yi met the envoy of Qi on the way Gao Ling Junxian "Are you going to see Wu Xinjun?" Gaoling Junxian replied, "Yes." Song Yi said, "In my opinion, Wu Xinjun's army is bound to fail. If you walk slowly, you can avoid death. If you walk fast, you will catch up with disaster." The Qin Dynasty indeed mobilized all its troops to reinforce Zhang Han, attack the Chu army, and defeat the Chu army in Dingtao, Corbel Died in battle. Peigong and Xiang Yu leave Waihuang to attack Chenliu County Chenliu County stood firm and could not attack. Peigong and Xiang Yu discussed and said, "Now Xiang Liang's army has been defeated, and the soldiers are afraid." Lu Chen Our troops retreated eastward together. Lv Chen's army is stationed in the east of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu's army is stationed in the west of Pengcheng, and Peigong's army is stationed in Dang County 。

Zhang Han After defeating Xiang Liang's army, he thought that the army in Chu was not worth worrying about, so he crossed the Yellow River to attack Zhao and defeated Zhao's army. At this time, Zhao Xie As king, Chen Yu He is a senior general. Open ear by State Minister , have all fled into Giant deer City. Zhang Han command Wang Li 、 Interrelated Surrounded the giant deer, his own army stationed in the south of the giant deer, built a corridor with walls on both sides to deliver food and grass to them. As a general of Zhao State, Chen Yu led tens of thousands of soldiers stationed in the north of Julu, which is the so-called Hebei Army.

After the defeat in Dingtao, King Huai of Chu Fearing, he went to Pengcheng from Xutai to merge Xiang Yu Lu Chen Our army commands itself. Appoint Lu Chen as Situ, Lu Chen's father Lv Qing by district magistrate 。 Appoint Peigong as Dangjun Long, sealed as Wuhanhou , commanding Dangjun's army.

Previously, the envoy of the State of Qi, Gaoling Jun Xian, whom Song Yi met on the road, was in the army of Chu. He asked the king of Chu and said, "Song Yi guessed that Wu Xinjun's army was bound to fail. Within a few days, it was indeed defeated. When the army did not fight, it could see the signs of failure in advance, which could be called knowing how to use troops." King Huai of Chu summoned Song Yi to discuss military matters with him, He admired him very much, so he was appointed General Shang ； Xiang Yu was the Duke of Lu, the second general, and Fan Zeng was the last general to rescue Zhao. Other generals belonged to Song Yi and were called Qing Zi champions. Troop advance and arrival Anyang , stay for 46 days without moving forward. Xiang Yu said, "I heard Qin Army hold Zhao Wang Surrounded in Julu City, we should hurry to lead our troops through Yellow River The Chu army attacked from the outside, and the Zhao army answered from the inside. It was certain that the Qin army would be defeated. " Song Yi Said, "I don't think so. Those who can bite Daniel gadfly But it can't hurt the little tick. Now when the Qin State attacked the Zhao State, the soldiers would be tired after winning; We can take advantage of their fatigue; If we can't win, we will lead our troops to beat the drums and march westward, and we will certainly wipe out the Qin army. Therefore, it is better to let Qin and Zhao fight first. Ruo Lun Pi Hard armour Holding sharp troops and fighting bravely at the front, Song Yi can't compare with you; In terms of sitting in the military tent and making decisions, you can't compare with Song Yi. " So he ordered the whole army: "Fierce as a tiger, disobedient as a sheep, greedy as a wolf, stubborn and disobedient, all will be killed." He also sent his son Song Xiang Go to the State of Qi as prime minister and deliver it personally unsalted , prepare a banquet for guests. The weather was cold and it was raining heavily. The soldiers were cold and hungry. Xiang Yu said to the soldiers, "We all wanted to attack the Qin army together, but he stayed for a long time. Now it's the time of famine. The people are poor, and the soldiers are eating Taro Mixed beans, there was no food in the army, so he even prepared a banquet to meet guests. Instead of leading the army to cross the river to get food from Zhao, he joined forces with Zhao to attack Qin, but said, 'Use the fatigue of Qin's army'. With the strength of the State of Qin to attack the newly established State of Zhao, the situation must be that the State of Qin attacked and occupied the State of Zhao. When the State of Zhao was captured, the State of Qin became more powerful. At that time, what could be said about taking advantage of the fatigue of the State of Qin? In addition, our army had just lost the battle, and King Huai was restless. He gathered all the soldiers in the territory to give food and pay to the general. The safety of the country was at stake. However, the general did not sympathize with the soldiers, but sent his son to the state of Qi as the prime minister, Seek personal gain This is not the real virtuous minister of the country. " Xiang Yu went to see General Song Yi in the morning, cut off his head in the army tent, and issued an order to the army, saying, "Song Yi and Qi conspired against Chu, and the king of Chu secretly ordered me to execute him." At this time, the generals were all afraid of Xiang Yu, and no one dared to resist. They said, "It was General Xiang who first raised the State of Chu. Now it is the general who killed the rebellious officials." So everyone set up Xiang Yu as the acting general. Xiang Yu sent people to chase Song Yi's son and kill him in the territory of the State of Qi. Xiang Yu sent Huanchu to report to King Huai. King Huai of Chu had no choice but to let Xiang Yu become the supreme general and become King Yang (that is British cloth ）、 General Pu All belong to Xiang Yu.

Xiang Yu killed him Qingzi Champion , which shocked the State of Chu and became famous as princes. He first sent Dangyang Jun (i.e. Yingbu) and General Pu to lead 20000 people across the Zhanghe River to rescue the giant deer. There are only a few small victories in the war, Chen Yu Come again to ask for reinforcements. Xiang Yu led all the troops across the Zhanghe River, sank all the boats, smashed all the pots and bowls, burned all the military camps, and took only three days' solid food To show the soldiers that they must fight to the death and have no intention of returning. When the troops arrived at the front line, they surrounded Wang Li, met with the Qin army, fought many times, blocked the corridor built by the Qin army, defeated the Qin army, and killed Su Jiao , captured Wang Li 。 Interrelated Refusing to surrender to Chu, he burned himself to death. At this time, the Chu army was the most powerful among the princes. The princes and armies who came to rescue the giant deer built more than a dozen camps. None of them dared to send troops to fight. When the Chu army attacked the Qin army, they only watched in the camp. All the soldiers of the Chu army were ready to fight against each other. The sound of the soldiers' killing was so loud that everyone in the vassals trembled. After defeating the Qin army, Xiang Yu summoned the generals. When they entered the army gate, they all went forward on their knees. No one dared to look up. Since then, Xiang Yu has really become the supreme general of the princes, and all the princes belong to him.

Zhang Han They were stationed in Jiyuan, and Xiang Yu was stationed on the south bank of Zhangshui. The two armies were at a stalemate, and there was no war. The Qin army retreated many times, and the second faction Human responsibility Rang Zhanghan. Zhang Han is afraid and sends a long history Sima Xin Go and ask for instructions. Arrive at Xianyang, stay Sima Men Three days, eunuch who conspired with Li Si to influence the succession to the First Emperor It means distrust if you don't meet. Long Shi Sima Xin was afraid and ran back to the army. (He is afraid that someone will chase him.) He did not dare to follow the same path. Zhao Gao did send someone to chase him, but he did not catch up. When Sima Xin arrived in the army, he reported to Zhang Han, "Zhao Gao is employed in the army, and the people below can't make a difference. Now that we can win the battle, Zhao Gao must envy us for our contributions; if we can't win the battle, we will inevitably be executed. I hope the general will be kind and considerate." Chen Yu Also sent a letter to Zhang Han saying:“ White rise As a general of Qin Dynasty, he attacked Yan and Ying southwards and northward Pit killing The horse clothing, attacking the city, is countless, but in the end, it was killed. Meng Tian To be the general of Qin Dynasty, and to be driven to the north Hun , Development Yuzhong Thousands of miles of territory, and finally cut in Yang Zhou 。 Why? Qin could not be granted a reward because he had made too many contributions, so he used the law to kill them. Now the general has been a general of Qin for three years, and the number of soldiers lost is 100000, while the vassals are rising at the same time, more and more. That Zhao Gao has always been flattering for a long time. Now the situation is critical and he is afraid that the Second Emperor will kill him, so he plans to kill the general to shirk his responsibility and send someone else instead of the general to get rid of the disaster. The general has been away for a long time. Many people in the imperial court have estrangement from you. Even those who have done meritorious deeds have been killed, and those who have not done meritorious deeds have also been killed. Besides, the sky is going to kill Qin, which is known by both stupid people and smart people. Today, the general cannot directly remonstrate inside. He is the leader of the country that is going to perish. He wants to exist for a long time because of his isolation! Why don't you turn over and join forces with all the princes, sign a peace treaty, attack Qin together, and divide the land into kings, Southbound Sitting alone is a loner; Which is better than the killing of his own wife or his own crouching anvil? " Zhang Han hesitates and secretly sends marquis Nascent Go to Xiang Yu's camp and want to sign the peace treaty. The peace agreement was not settled, Xiang Yu let General Pu Day and night, he led his troops across Sanhujin, camped on the south bank of Zhangshui, fought with the Qin army, and defeated the Qin army again. Xiang Yu led all the soldiers to attack the Qin army on the sewage, and defeated the Qin army.

Zhang Han sent someone to meet Xiang Yu and planned to sign a peace treaty. Xiang Yu summoned the military officials to discuss and said, "Army COFCO Little, want to allow him to sign the peace agreement. " The military officials all said, "Good." Xiang Yu and Zhang Han made a date Huan River the south coast Yin ruins Meet. Having concluded an alliance, Zhang Han saw Xiang Yu and wept and told him eunuch who conspired with Li Si to influence the succession to the First Emperor All kinds of behaviors. Xiang Yu set up a chapter for Han King Yong , placed in the Chu army camp. He made Chang Shi Sima Xin the supreme general and led the Qin army as the leading force.

Arrived in Xin'an. The officers and soldiers of the vassals once passed by for doing corvee and garrisoning border areas another name for Shaanxi Province The officers and soldiers in Qin Dynasty insulted them. When the Qin army surrendered to the vassal army, the officers and soldiers of the vassal army took the chance of victory in the war to drive them like slaves and prisoners, and torture and insult the officers and soldiers of the Qin army at will. Most of the officers and soldiers of the Qin army said in private: "General Zhang and others deceived us into surrendering to the vassal army. It's (of course) good to be able to enter the pass and defeat Qin now; if not, the vassal army will take us to the east; Qin will certainly kill all our parents and wives." The generals of the vassal army heard their plans secretly and reported to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu asked for tsingling cloth General Pu After discussion, he said: "There are still many officers and soldiers in the Qin army. They are not convinced Guanzhong If you don't obey orders, things will be in jeopardy. It's better to kill them than to fight with Zhang Han and Chang Shi Sima Xin , Duwei Dong Yi Join Qin together. " So the Chu army killed more than 200000 soldiers and buried them in the south of Xin'an at night.

Xiang Yu is going to attack the middle of Qin Pass. strategic Qin-dynasty pass in Henan There are soldiers guarding and you can't go in. It was also said that Peigong had conquered Xianyang. Xiang Yu was so angry that he sent Dangyang Jun and others to knock the barrier. Xiang Yu then entered Hangu Pass and reached the west bank of the water. Peigong's army is stationed at Overlord , failed to meet Xiang Yu. Peigong's Zuo Sima Cao Wushang Send someone to tell Xiang Yu: "Duke Pei wants to be king in Guanzhong and let the king of Qin Infants For the sake of physiognomy, I have all the treasures for myself. " Xiang Yu was so angry that he said, "Prepare drinks and food tomorrow, treat the soldiers well, and defeat Peigong's army for me!" At this time, Xiang Yu had 400000 soldiers stationed at Xinfeng Hongmen ； Peigong has 100000 soldiers stationed on the tyrant. Fan Zeng He persuaded Xiang Yu to say, "When Peigong lived in Shandong, he coveted wealth and loved beautiful women. Now he has entered the pass, he doesn't take any property, and no beautiful women are close to him. His ambition is not small. I asked people to stare at his clouds. They are all like dragons and tigers. They are colorful. This is the lucky spirit of the Son of Heaven. I hope you attack quickly, and don't miss the opportunity!"

Chu Zuo Yin Xiang Bo He is Xiang Yu's uncle and always follows the marquis chief counsellor of Liu Bang Good. Zhang Liang was following Peigong at that time. Xiang Bo drove his horse to Peigong's army overnight, met Zhang Liang privately, told him everything, and wanted to ask Zhang Liang to leave with him. Xiang Bo said, "Don't die with Peigong." Zhang Liang said, "I'm here to escort Peigong for the King of Han. Peigong is in a critical situation. If I run away, it will be too cruel and unjust for me not to tell him." Zhang Liang went into the army tent and told Peigong everything Xiang Bo said. Peigong Surprised, he said, "What should I do?" Zhang Liang said, "Who gave you the idea of sending troops to guard the pass Qindi He is king. ' So I listened to him. " Zhang Liang said, "Do you think you can defeat the King Xiang?" Duke Pei kept silent for a while and said, "Of course, you can't defeat him. What should we do?" Zhang Liang said, "Please let me go to tell Uncle Xiang that he dare not betray the King Xiang." Duke Pei said, "How can you be friendly with Uncle Xiang?" Zhang Liang said, "Back in the Qin Dynasty, we had contacts. Xiang Bo killed someone, and I saved him from death. Now the situation is critical. Fortunately, he came to tell me." Duke Pei said, "Which one of you is older?" Zhang Liang said, "He is older than me." Duke Pei said, "Please invite him in for me, and I will serve him like an elder brother." Zhang Liang went out to ask Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo came in to meet Peigong. Peigong held a wine cup, offered a toast to Xiang Bo, and decided to marry his children. Peigong said, "After I entered Hangu Pass, I didn't even dare to move anything as small as Qiuhe. I registered the residence of officials and people, sealed up all kinds of warehouses, and waited for General Xiang to come. I sent generals to guard the pass in order to prevent other thieves from sneaking in and unexpected accidents. We look forward to General Xiang's arrival day and night. How dare we rebel! I hope you will tell General Xiang in detail that I will never be ungrateful. " Xiang Bo agreed and said to Peigong, "You must have it tomorrow Come here earlier Apologize to Xiang Wang. " Peigong said, "All right." So Xiang Bo left again at night and returned to the army camp. He reported Peigong's words to King Xiang one by one. Then he said, "How dare you enter the pass if Peigong didn't break through the central pass first? Now people who have made great achievements want to attack them instead, which is not in line with morality, so it's better to treat him well." Xiang Wang agreed.

The next morning, Peigong came to see King Xiang with more than 100 attendants and horses. He arrived at Hongmen and apologized to King Xiang, saying, "I fought with the general against Qin. The general fought in the north of the Yellow River, and I fought in the south of the Yellow River. But I didn't expect that I could enter the pass first and attack the State of Qin. I could see you here again. Now it is a villain who said something bad, which caused a rift between the general and me. ”King Xiang said, "It's your Zuo Sima Cao Wushang If not, how could I do this? " King Xiang asked Peigong to stay for drinks that day. Xiang Wang Xiang Bo Sit facing east, Inferior father Sit facing south. The second father is Fan Zeng 。 Peigong sits facing north, while Zhang Liang serves him facing west. Fan Zeng gave Xiang Wang a wink several times, and several times he raised the jade block he was wearing to show him that Xiang Wang was just silent and did not respond. Fan Zeng got up and went out Xiang Zhuang He said to him, "The king is too soft hearted. Go in and offer a toast, and then ask for a sword dance. Take the opportunity to assassinate Peigong and kill him at Seats On. Otherwise, you people will become prisoners of others. " Xiang Zhuang came in and offered a toast. toast When he finished, he said to King Xiang, "The king and Peigong drink. There is nothing to entertain in the camp, so let me dance with the sword." King Xiang said, "OK." Xiang Zhuang drew the sword and danced. Xiang Bo also drew the sword and danced. He often covered Peigong with his body. Xiang Zhuang could not stab Peigong. Seeing this scene, Zhang Liang went to the military gate to find Fan Kuai 。 Fan Kuai asked, "What's going on today?" Zhang Liang said, "It's very urgent! Now the Xiang Villa is dancing swords, and he has been thinking about Peigong!" Fan Kuai said, "It's too dangerous to say so! Let me go in, and I will die with Peigong!" Fan Kuai rushed into the gate with his sword and shield. The crossed guards with halberds tried to block him from entering. Fan Kuai ran past the shield and bumped forward. The guards fell to the ground. Fan Kuai then rushed into the army gate, opened the curtains and stood facing west. He glared at the king with round eyes. His hair stood upright, and the corners of his eyes were open. King Xiang stretched out his hand to hold the sword, straightened up and asked, "What does this guest do?" Zhang Liang said, "It's Fan Kuai, the guard of Peigong." King Xiang said, "What a brave man! Give him a glass of wine!" His men handed him a large glass of wine. Fan Kuai thanked him and stood up to drink. King Xiang said, "Give him a pig's elbow!" His men handed him a whole pig's elbow. Fan Kuai buckled his shield on the ground, put his pig's elbow on it, pulled out his sword, cut it and ate. King Xiang said, "What a brave man! Can you drink more?" Fan Kuai said, "I don't even care about dying. There's nothing to refuse with a glass of wine! The King of Qin was as ferocious as a tiger and a wolf. He killed countless people, as if he were afraid of killing them. He punished people, as if he were afraid of using them, and all the people in the world turned against him. King Huai once made an agreement with the generals to say, 'First defeat the Qin army and enter Xianyang, and let him become king in Guanzhong.' Now Peigong defeats the Qin army and enters Xianyang Filiform hair Such small property did not dare to move. The palace of King Qin was closed, and the army was withdrawn to the overlord, waiting for your arrival. The soldiers were specially sent to guard Hangu Pass to prevent other thieves from sneaking in and unexpected accidents. Peigong worked so hard and made great contributions that he didn't get the reward from the marquis. Instead, you listened to the slander of villains and wanted to kill the meritorious people. This can only be the end of the Qin Dynasty Old ways In private, I don't think you will do this! " With these words, King Xiang had no answer, but said, "Sit! Sit!" Fan Kuai sat down next to Zhang Liang. After sitting for a while, Peigong got up to go to the toilet and called Fan Kuai out.

Peigong After he came out, Xiang Wang sent the captains Chen Ping Come and call Peigong. Peigong said to Fan Kuai, "Now I'm out and I haven't had time to leave. What should I do?" knife Cutting board, and we are like Fish is What are you going to do, meat? " So the group left there and asked Zhang Liang to stay and apologize to King Xiang. Zhang Liang asked, "What did the king bring with him when he came?" Peigong said, "I will bring a pair of white jade for the king Xiang; Jade dipper One pair, ready to dedicate to my father. Just as they were angry, they didn't dare to offer. You can offer it for me. " Zhang Liang said, "Yes." At this time, Xiang Wang's troops were stationed in Hongmen area, and Peigong's troops were stationed in Bashang, 40 miles away. Peigong left his chariot and his attendants behind. He rode alone. Fan Kuai Marquis de Xia 、 Jin Qiang 、 Documentary letter Wait for four people to hold Sword shield , follow behind and run on foot, from Lishan Mountain Down, down Zhiyang Take a path. Before leaving, Peigong said to Zhang Liang, "It's no more than twenty miles from this road to our military camp. It's estimated that when we get to the military camp, you will go in." Peigong and his party left Hongmen and took a path back to the military camp. Zhang Liang went in to apologize and said:“ Peigong Wine Not much. I drank too much. I can't say goodbye to the king. I would like to ask your subordinate Zhang Liang to present a pair of white jade to the king respectfully; A pair of jade fights are respectfully presented to the general. " King Xiang asked, "Where is Peigong?" Zhang Liang replied, "I heard that the king intended to blame him, so he left alone and has now returned to the military camp." King Xiang took Bai Bi and put him on his seat; The Asian father took the jade bucket, threw it on the ground, pulled out his sword and smashed it, saying, "Alas! The boys of Xiang Zhuang can't conspire with them to seize Xiang Wang's world. It must be Peigong. Our group will become prisoners!" Peigong returned to the army and killed him immediately Cao Wushang 。

A few days later, Xiang Yu led his troops westward, slaughtered Xianyang and killed the surrendered king of the Qin Dynasty Infants , burning the palace of the Qin Dynasty, and the fire lasted for three months; Collect the treasures and women of the Qin Dynasty, and lead the army to the east. Someone persuaded King Xiang to say, "The central pass is a barrier to mountains and rivers. The land is rich and fertile. You can build a capital here to secure hegemony." When King Xiang saw that the palaces of the Qin Dynasty were burned down and dilapidated, he missed his hometown and wanted to return to the east, so he said, "If you are rich and noble, you cannot return to your hometown. It is like walking at night. Who can know!" The people who advised King Xiang said, "People say that people in the State of Chu are macaque Wear a hat, as expected. " When King Xiang heard this, he cooked and killed the man who persuaded him.

King Xiang sent people to King Huai of Chu Report for instructions. King Huai of Chu said, "Follow the agreement." Xiang Yu respected King Huai of Chu as usurper 。 King Xiang wanted to be king himself, so he first made princes king. He said to them, "When the world was in trouble at the beginning, he temporarily established the descendants of princes as kings to crusade against the Qin Dynasty. However, it was the generals and I who personally put on armor, armed with weapons, and took the lead in the uprising. In the past three years, we have been living and sleeping rough, annihilating the Qin Dynasty, and pacifying the world Xiang nationality The power of. Only the righteous emperor has no credit. He should have divided his land and made everyone king. " The generals said, "Good." King Xiang divided the world and made the generals princes.

Xiang Wang Fan Zeng Suspicious Peigong will occupy the world in the future. (Don't want him to be called the king of Guanzhong) But after reconciliation and fearing to disobey the original covenant, the princes rebelled, they secretly discussed and said: "The roads of Ba and Shu are dangerous, and the criminals who were moved in the Qin Dynasty all live in Shu." So they (threatened) said: "Ba and Shu are also in Guanzhong." So Peigong was granted the title of Han King , known as the king of Ba, Shu Hanzhong , Jiandu Nanzheng 。 He divided Guanzhong into three parts and granted the Qin Dynasty the title of king to stop the Han Dynasty (to prevent him from sending troops to the East in the future)

Xiang Wang Feng Zhang Han He was the King of Yong, and was called the King west of Xianyang. He built the capital and abandoned the hill. Long history Sima Xin He used to work as a purveyor in Queyang Corbel Having kindness; Duwei Dong Yi At first, Zhang Han was persuaded to surrender to Chu, so Sima Xin was granted the title of the king of the fortress, and he was called the king from the east of Xianyang to the Yellow River, with the capital of Queyang; He named Dong Yi King Zhai, and called him King Shangjun , Jiandu Gaonu 。 Migration and sealing Wei Wang Bao by King of the Western Wei Dynasty , called the king in Hedong, and built its capital in Pingyang. Flaw mound Shenyang yes Open ear His favorite officials attacked Henan first and met the Chu army on the bank of the Yellow River, so they set Shen Yang as Henan Wang , Jiandu Luo Yang 。 Han Wangcheng The old capital is still the capital, and Yangzhai is the capital. Zhao Jiang Simaon He pacified Hanoi and made many achievements in the war, so he named Sima Ang King Yin , called the king in Hanoi, and built the capital to sing songs. Apostrophe Zhao Wangxie Acting as king. Zhao Xiang, Zhang Er, has always been virtuous and able, and has followed King Xiang to enter the pass, so Zhang Er was granted the title of Changshan King , crowned king Zhao Di , Jiandu Xiangguo 。 Danyang King Tsing Bu was the general of the Chu army and often bravely crowned the whole army, so he was named the King of Jiujiang and established his capital in Liuzhou. Fanjun Wu Rui He led Baiyue soldiers to assist the vassal army and accompanied his followers to enter the pass, so Wu Rui was appointed Hengshan King , founded in Zhuxian County 。 The Pillar State of the Yidi Gongao Lead troops to attack Sundgau , he made a lot of contributions, so he was granted the title of Gong Ao Linjiang King Jiangling was the capital of the city. Relocate to the Yan King Han Guang by King of Liaodong 。 Yan Jiang Zang tea He once followed the Chu army to save Zhao, and then followed him to enter the pass. Therefore, Zangta was granted the title of Yan King, and its capital was established in Ji. He was granted the title of King Qi Tian Shi by Jiaodong King 。 Qi Jiang Tiandu He once followed King Xiang to save Zhao, and then followed him to enter the pass, so Tiandu was the king of Qi and the capital Linzi 。 Originally destroyed by the Qin Dynasty Qi Wangjian 's grandson Tian An When Xiang Yu was crossing the river to save Zhao, he captured several cities in the north of Jishui and led his army to surrender to Xiang Yu, so he granted Tian Anwei King of Jibei The capital is Boyang. Tian Rong There are many times of negative Xiang Liang, but they are unwilling to lead the army to attack Qin with Chu, so there is no Enfeoffment 。 Cheng Anjun Chen Yu He abandoned the general seal and left without any followers. However, I have always heard that he was virtuous and meritorious to Zhao, knowing that he was Nanpi Therefore, the three counties surrounding Nanpi were granted to him. Fan Jun's General Mei Xuan He was awarded 100000 marquises because of his great achievements in war. King Xiang established himself as Overlord of Western Chu , sealed with Jiujun , the capital of Pengcheng.

In April of the first year of the Han Dynasty, the princes went back to their respective places after striking the water a feudal state 。 King Xiang also went out of the pass and returned to the feudal state. He sent people to move the Yidi, saying: "The ancient emperors who had thousands of miles of land must live upstream." So he sent envoys to move the Yidi to Changsha Chenxian County 。 King Xiang urged the Yidi to leave quickly, and his officials gradually betrayed him, so King Xiang secretly ordered Hengshan King 、 Linjiang King Kill Yidi in the river. Han Wangcheng Without military merit, King Xiang won't let him Local , went to Pengcheng together, abolished the king's name, was renamed Hou, and soon killed again. Zang Tea, when he arrived at the Fengguo, expelled Han Guang Liaodong Han Guang refuses to obey, Zang tea Killed in Wuzhong Han Guang , annexed his fiefdom.

Tian Rong heard that Xiang Yu took King Qi Tian Shi Apostrophe Jiaodong He made Tian Du, the general of Qi, the king of Qi, very angry and unwilling to let him go to Jiaodong, so he rebelled against Tian Du. Tian Du fled to the State of Chu. King Tian of Qi was afraid of King Xiang, so he sneaked to Jiaodong. Tian Rongda was angry and sent troops to pursue him compound surname Kill him. Tian Rong He made himself king of Qi, marched westward, killed Wang Tian'an in Jibei, and annexed Sanqi. Tian Rongba General seal grant Peng Yue , let him fight against Chu in Liangdi. Chen Yu Secret dispatch Zhang Tong 、 Xia said He advised Tian Rong, the king of Qi, to say, "Xiang Yu is the ruler of the world（ Enfeoffment marquis Wang) is unfair. Now put the original Princes They were all crowned kings in bad places, while his officials and generals were crowned kings in good places. When the original princes were driven away, the king of Zhao (had to) went to the north to live in Daidi, which I thought was unacceptable. It's said that the king has already started the army and won't accept the unjust order. I hope the king will help me with some troops and horses, allow me to attack Changshan, restore the position of the king of Zhao, and take the state of Zhao as the barrier of Qi. " The king of Qi agreed and sent troops to Zhao. Chen Yu mobilized all the soldiers of the three counties to attack Changshan with the Qi army and defeat the army of Changshan. Open ear Escape and submit to the Han King. Chen Yu went to meet the original Zhao Wangxie Return to Zhao. King Zhao appointed Chen Yu as his substitute.

At this time, the Han King Huijun was pacified Sanqin 。 Xiang Yu heard that the Han King had annexed Guanzhong and was going east. Qi and Zhao rebelled against him again, and he was very angry. Just like the former Wu Decree Zheng Chang by Han Wang , to stop the Han army. command Xiao Gongjiao They attacked Peng Yue. Peng Yue defeated Xiao Gongjiao and others. Han Wang School chief counsellor of Liu Bang After patrolling Korea, Zhang Liang wrote a letter to King Xiang, saying, "The King of Han (who did not become King Guanzhong as promised) failed in his duty and intended to gain the Guanzhong Pass. After fulfilling the original agreement, he stopped marching eastward and dared not continue to march eastward." Zhang Liang also sent the rebellion of Qi and Liang to King Xiang, saying, "Qi wants to destroy Chu together with Zhao." Therefore, the Chu army had no intention of moving westward and attacked Qi northward. King Xiang called for troops from King Qingbu of Jiujiang. Tsing Bu said he was ill and sent thousands of soldiers with the general. King Xiang resented tsingling cloth from then on.

In the winter of the second year of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu went north to Chengyang, where Tian Rongye led his army to fight Xiang Yu. Tian Rong He was defeated and fled to the plain, where the people killed him. The Chu army marched northward, burned down the houses of Qi, and razed the city of Qi, Pit killing Tian Rong surrendered his soldiers and captured old and weak women. In Qi Dynasty, cities and territories were captured, burned, killed and plundered all the way to Beihai. The people of Qi united against Xiang Yu. Tian Rong's younger brother field plover Collect the fugitive soldiers of the State of Qi and get tens of thousands of people, which is contrary to Chengyang. Therefore, King Xiang stayed and did not capture Chengyang after several attacks.

In the spring, the king of Han led the army of five routes of princes, a total of 560000 people, and marched eastward to attack Chu. When King Xiang heard the news, he ordered the generals to attack the state of Qi, and led 30000 elite soldiers south Lu County Across Huling County. In April, the Han Army has entered Pengcheng , search for property, treasure and beautiful women, and hold feasts and drinks every day. King Xiang headed west and arrived Xiaoxian County , attacked the Han Army in the morning, moved eastward to Pengcheng, and defeated the Han Army at noon. The Han army retreated in disorder and successively fled into the valley and Surabaya. The Chu army killed more than 100000 Han soldiers. The Han army fled south to the mountains, and the Chu army pursued Suishui on the east of Lingbi. The Han army retreated and was forced by the Chu army. They crowded together and were killed. More than 100000 Han soldiers fell into Suishui The water cannot flow. The Chu army surrounded the Han king three floors. At this time, the strong wind blew from the northwest, broke the trees, destroyed the houses, and the sky was dim. (The wind was mixed with sand and stone) The Chu army was facing. The Chu army was in turmoil, Formation The king of Han was able to escape with dozens of cavalry only when he fled. I plan to go west through Peixian County to pick up my family members; The Chu army also sent people to pursue Peixian County and seize the family members of the Han King. All the family members have fled and have not met the King of Han. The King of Han met Xiaohui and Luyuan on the road, and they drove together. The cavalry of the Chu army chased the king of Han. The king of Han was worried and pushed Xiaohui and Luyuan off the bus, Teng Gong They got off and picked them up. They pushed them down and picked them up several times. Teng Gong said, "Although the matter is critical, we can't drive the car faster! How can we abandon them!" The king of Han finally escaped. He looked for Liu Taigong 、 Empress Lv , not found. Eat it He followed Liu Taigong and Empress Lv to sneak along the path to find the King of Han, but instead met the Chu army. The Chu army took them back to the camp and reported to King Xiang, who detained them in the camp.

At this time, Empress Lv's brother Zhou Lvhou led troops to garrison for the Han Dynasty Xiayi The king of the Han Dynasty took a path to Zhou Lvhou and collected some fugitive soldiers. here we are Xingyang All defeated troops will join together, Xiao He All the old and weak people who had no nationality in the Central Shaanxi Plain came to Xingyang, and the momentum rose again. The Chu army, starting from Pengcheng, often followed the defeated army to fight with the Han army between Beijing and Somalia in the south of Xingyang. The Han army defeated the Chu army, so the Chu army could not move westward across Xingyang.

King Xiang rescued Pengcheng and chased the Han King to Xingyang, field plover Take the opportunity to recover Qi, the son of Litian Rong Tian Guang He is the king of Qi. When the King of Han was defeated in Pengcheng, the princes turned their backs on Chu. The Han Army stationed in Xingyang and built a corridor to connect with the Yellow River for transportation Aocang Food.

In the third year of the Han Dynasty, King Xiang repeatedly invaded the corridors of the Han army. The King of Han was short of food and panicked. He asked for peace and divided the area west of Xingyang into Han. King Xiang wanted to promise him. Marquis Liyang Fan Zeng "The Han army is easy to deal with. Now let them go and not destroy them. We must regret it later." King Xiang and Fan increased their siege of Xingyang. Deeply worried, the king of Han adopted Chen Ping His plan alienated Xiang Wang and Fan Zeng. The envoy of King Xiang came and prepared a full feast of cattle, sheep and goats for him. He planned to serve it. When the waiter looked at the messenger, he pretended to be surprised and said, "I thought it was the messenger of Yafu, but it was the messenger of King Xiang." He took the food again and gave it to the messenger of King Xiang. When the envoy came back and reported to King Xiang, he suspected Fan Zeng of having an affair with the Han army and gradually deprived him of his power. Fan became angry and said, "The situation in the world is decided. The king likes to do things for himself. Please give me back my body so that I can become an ordinary soldier." King Xiang promised him. Fan Zeng has left and has not yet arrived at Pengcheng, because his back is long Canker Dead.

Han Army General Documentary letter The king persuaded the king of Han to say, "The situation is very critical. Please let me pretend to be the king to deceive the Chu army for you. The king can take the opportunity to escape from the city." So the king of Han released two thousand women in armor from the east gate of Xingyang at night, and the Chu army besieged on all sides. Jixin rode in a yellow house car. On the left side of the car stood a flag of the great standard. (The guard loudly) said, "The food in the city has been eaten up, and the king of Han has surrendered." All the Chu troops shouted, "Long live!". The King of Han and dozens of cavalry left the city from the west gate and rushed to Chenggao 。 When King Xiang saw the letter, he asked him, "Where is the King of Han?" The letter said, "The King of Han has left the city." King Xiang burned Ji Xin.

Han Wang School imperial censor Zhou Kuo 、 Zong Gong 、 Wei Bao Guard Xingyang. Zhouke and Zonggong discussed and said, "Wei Bao, the king of treason, is difficult to defend the city with him." They killed Wei Bao together. The Chu army captured Xingyang City and captured Zhou Jiao alive. King Xiang said to Zhou Jiao, "As my general, I will take you as my top general and close 30000 households." Zhou Jiao scolded, "If you don't surrender to the Han army soon, the Han army will capture you. You are not the enemy of the Han army." King Xiang was furious, cooked Zhou Jiao to death, and killed Zong Gong.

The king of the Han Dynasty escaped from Xingyang and went south to Wan and Ye to take over the tsingling cloth of the King of Jiujiang. As he went, he collected soldiers and entered Chenggao to defend. In the fourth year of the Han Dynasty, King Xiang besieged Chenggao. The Han King escaped, and he was alone with Teng Gong Go out of the north gate of Chenggao and cross the river Cultivate martial arts , here Open ear 、 Han Xin barracks. The generals successively fled Chenggao and followed the Han king. The Chu army captured Chenggao and wanted to march westward. The King of Han sent troops Gongxian County The resistance prevented the Chu army from marching westward.

At this time, Peng Yue Crossing the river in Dong'e attacked the Chu army and killed the Chu general Xue Gong 。 King Xiang himself went east to attack Peng Yue. The Han King got Huaiyin Marquis When Zheng Zhong tried to dissuade the King of Han, the King of Han stayed in Hanoi to build a camp. send Liu Jia The leader worked with Peng Yue to burn the food of the Chu army. Xiang Wang Dongjin defeated Liu Jia and Peng Yue, and Peng Yue fled. The king of Han led his army across the river, captured Chenggao, stationed in Guangwu, and ate Aocang. King Xiang has pacified the East China Sea, led his army back and marched westward. He and the Han army were stationed in Guangwu for several months.

At that time, Peng Yue repeatedly counterattacked the Chu army in Liangdi and cut off the food of the Chu army. King Xiang was worried. He set up a tall cutting board Liu Taigong Put it on the top and tell the king of Han, "If you don't surrender soon, I will cook and kill Taigong." The king of Han said, "Xiang Yu and I are both courtiers in the north, and are under orders from King Huai of Chu I said, 'Be a brother'. My father is your father. I must cook Kill you I hope you can share a cup with me broth 。” King Xiang was very angry and planned to kill Tai Gong. Xiang Bo said, "The world's major events are still unpredictable, and the people who fight the world do not care about their families. Although it is not good to kill Taigong, it can only increase the disaster." Xiang Wang obeyed Xiang Bo's words.

Chu and Han had a long stalemate, and the victory was still up in the air. The young and strong marched hard, and the old and weak were tired of land and water transportation. King Xiang said to the King of Han, "The world has been bustling and restless for several years. Just because of the two of us, we are willing to challenge you and fight against each other, so that the people of the world will not suffer in vain." The King of Han laughed and refused to say, "I would rather fight with wits than fight with strength." King Xiang asked the heroes to go out to fight. There was a man in the Han Army who was good at riding and archery Loufan The Chu army sent the heroes to challenge three times, and Lou Fan shot the heroes to death. King Xiang was so angry that he came out to challenge himself with armor and halberd. Lou Fan wanted to shoot him, but Xiang Wang was angry and scolded. Lou Fan (frightened) dared not look at him in the eye, and dared not send arrows. He ran back to the camp and dared not come out again. The King of Han sent people to inquire in secret, only to know that the person who challenged was King Xiang. The King of Han was shocked. So King Xiang was close to the camp of the King of Han and separated from him Guangwu Stream During the dialogue, the King of Han recounted the crimes of Xiang Wang. Xiang Wang was very angry and asked for a decisive battle. The king of Han didn't agree, and the king of Xiang ambushed Crossbow He shot the King of Han, who was injured and ran back to Chenggao.

Xiang Wang heard Huaiyin Marquis Having conquered Hebei and defeated the Qi and Zhao armies, and about to attack the Chu army, we sent Longjue Go to meet. Huaiyin Marquis fought with Longqi, cavalry general Infanticide He also attacked Longqie, broke the Chu army, and killed Longqie. Han Xin established himself as King of Qi. When King Xiang heard that Long Qie's army had collapsed, he panicked and sent Xutai people Takeshi Go to lobby Huaiyin Marquis. Hou Huaiyin refused to listen. At this time, Peng Yue rose up again to fight against the Chu State, attacked Liang and cut off the Chu army Grain road 。 King Xiang is right to the Marquis Haichun Dasima Cao Jiu They said, "Be careful to guard Cheng Gao. Even if the Han army challenges him, don't fight with him. Just don't let him march eastward. I will kill Peng Yue in 15 days, pacify the Liangdi, and meet the general again." So King Xiang led the army eastward to attack Chen Liu and Waihuang in the process of march.

Waihuang has not been captured. A few days later, Wai Huang surrendered. King Xiang was very angry and ordered all men over 15 to go to the east of the city to prepare to kill them. Wai Huang ordered Doorman His son was only 13 years old. He went to persuade King Xiang:“ Peng Yue The people of the Outer Yellow River were afraid of using force to force them, so they surrendered temporarily and waited for the arrival of the king. When the king arrived, they were all killed. Do the people still have the heart to obey? From here to the east, more than ten cities in Liangdi are afraid, and there is no one willing to surrender. " King Xiang agreed with his words and pardoned those who Waihuang should have killed. From Waihuang to east Suiyang Hearing the news, they all rushed to surrender to King Xiang.

As expected, the Han army repeatedly challenged the Chu army, but the Chu army did not come out to meet the challenge. The Han army sent people to revile the Chu army in front of the line. After five or six days of abuse, the big Sima was very angry and asked the soldiers to cross the Sishui River. (Confronting the Han army.) The soldiers were just halfway through the Sishui River. The Han army attacked, defeated the Chu army, and captured all the supplies of the Chu State. Dasima Cao Jiu Chang Shixin committed suicide on the Sishui River. Big Sima Cao Jiu used to be the purveyor of Qi County, with a long history Sima Xin It turned out to be the prison officials of Li Yang. The two men had been kind to Xiang Liang, so Xiang Wang trusted them. At that time, King Xiang was in Suiyang. When he heard that the army of Marquis Haichun had failed, he led his army back. The Han army is besieging the east of Xingyang Zhong Li As soon as King Xiang arrived, the Han army was afraid of the Chu army and withdrew to the dangerous area.

At this time, the Han soldiers had enough food and the Xiang soldiers were exhausted. Dispatched by the Han King Lu Jia He persuaded King Xiang to ask for Liu Taigong's release, but King Xiang did not agree. The King of Han sent Duke Hou Go to persuade King Xiang, and he will make an agreement with Han to divide the world equally, and divide the gap between Han and Chu to the west and east. King Xiang agreed to Duke Hou's request and sent back the parents and wife of the Han King. The Han army shouted "Long live!". The King of the Han Dynasty made Duke Hou the King of the State of Ping. Duke Hou hid and refused to see the King of Han again. The king of the Han Dynasty said, "This man is a good debater in the world. Wherever he goes, he can destroy his country, so he is called the King of Ping.

The king of the Han Dynasty prepared to return to the west, chief counsellor of Liu Bang 、 Chen Ping The king of Han said, "Han has occupied most of the world, and the princes have come under our command. The army of Chu is exhausted. This is the time when heaven let Chu perish. It's better to take this opportunity to destroy it. Now let King Xiang go instead of attacking him, which is called 'tiger breeding'." The king of Han agreed with their suggestions.

In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, the king of the Han Dynasty pursued the king Xiang Yangxia In the south, the army was stationed Han Xin , Jiancheng Hou Peng Yue About to meet and attack the Chu army. Arriving at Guling, the troops of Han Xin and Peng Yue did not come to meet. The Chu army attacked the Han army and defeated it. The king of the Han Dynasty entered the camp again, dug deep trenches and trenches to defend himself. Han Wang Yes Zhang Zifang He said, "What should we do if the princes do not comply with the agreement?" Zhang Zifang replied, "The Chu army is about to collapse, and Han Xin and Peng Yue have not been assigned a fief. It is natural that they will not come to meet. If the monarch can share the world with them, he can make them come at once. If not, the development of the situation is hard to predict. The king can divide all the areas from the east of Chen County to the seaside to Han Xin, and from the north of Suiyang to Gucheng to Peng Yue, so that they can fight independently. Then the Chu army is easy to defeat. " The king of Han said, "OK, Liu Jia Our army set out from Shouchun, slaughtered the father of the city, and reached Gaixia. Dasima Zhou Yin He betrayed the State of Chu, slaughtered six counties with Shu Di's troops, mobilized all Jiujiang soldiers, gathered in Gaixia with Liu Jia and Peng Yue, and came to Xiang Wang's front.^[4]

King Xiang's troops are in Gaixia (today Anhui province Lingbi County When he built a camp (within the territory), his troops were few and he had no food. The Han army and the vassals surrounded him on several levels. In the middle of the night, King Xiang was surprised to hear that the Han army was singing the songs of Chu around. "Has Han completely acquired Chu? Why are there so many people in Chu?" King Xiang got up and drank in his tent. At that time, he was surrounded by a beautiful woman named Yu, who was always in favor with King Xiang; There is a fine horse named Zhui, which King Xiang has been riding in the battle. At this time, King Xiang could not help but sing a plaintive song: "Strength can pull up the mountain, and heroism is unparalleled in the world. Bad luck means Zhui Ma will not go forward! What can we do if Zhui Ma does not go forward, Yu Ji Ah, Yu Ji, how can I arrange you properly? " King Xiang sang several times, and the beauty Concubine Yu answered. King Xiang's tears streamed down, and the left and right attendants all followed. No one could look up to see him.

So King Xiang mounted his horse, and more than 800 of his warriors rode behind, broke through the encirclement at night, rushed south, and fled at a gallop. Just before dawn, the Han Army realized that it had ordered the cavalry officers Infanticide Lead five thousand cavalry to pursue. When King Xiang crossed the Huaihe River, only more than one hundred men were left behind. When King Xiang arrived at the tomb of Yin, he lost his way and asked a farmer. The farmer lied to him and said, "Go to the left." King Xiang led people to the left and got stuck Everglades Medium. So the Han soldiers overtook them. King Xiang took his cavalry to the east and reached the east city. Only 28 people were left. The cavalry of the Han Army chased up thousands of people. King Xiang thought he could not escape. He said to his cavalry, "It has been eight years since I led the uprising, and I have fought more than 70 battles myself. All the enemies I have resisted have been defeated. All the enemies I have attacked have surrendered and never failed, so I can dominate and occupy the world. But now I am finally trapped here. It is God's fault to destroy me, not the fault of war. Today I must be determined to fight to death. I am willing to fight a happy battle for you, and I will win it three times. I will break through the encirclement, kill Han generals, and cut down the military flag for you to know that it is God who wants to destroy me, and it is not the fault of war. " So they divided the cavalry into four groups, facing in four directions. The Han army surrounded them several layers. King Xiang said to the cavalry, "I will bring you a Han general!" knight The horse galloped down and agreed to rush to the east of the mountain and gather in three places. So King Xiang shouted loudly and rushed down. The Han army collapsed like grass and trees falling in the wind. King Xiang killed a Han general. At this time, the Marquis Chiquan Yang Xi As a cavalry general of the Han army, he chased King Xiang behind him. King Xiang glared at him and scolded him. Marquis Chiquan was frightened by both men and horses and fell back for several miles. King Xiang met his cavalry in three places. The Han army did not know where King Xiang was going, so it divided the troops into three routes and surrounded them again. King Xiang drove his horse to rush up and killed another Han army captain. He killed 180 people and gathered cavalry. Only two people were lost. King Xiang asked the cavalry, "What about it?" The cavalry said respectfully:“ Positive image That's what the king said. "

At this time, King Xiang wanted to cross the Wujiang River eastward. Wujiang village constable He was waiting at the shore when he stopped his boat and said to King Xiang, "Although Jiangdong is small, there are thousands of miles of land and hundreds of thousands of people, which is enough for him to be king. I hope the king can cross the river quickly. Now only I have a boat here, and the Han Army has arrived, and can't cross it." King Xiang smiled and said, "God wants to destroy me. What am I going to do when I cross the Wujiang River? Besides, I and the children of Jiangdong are 8000 Rendu Jiangxi Zheng, no one has come back. Even if Jiangdong people and brothers love me and let me be king, how can I face them? Even if they don't say anything, doesn't Xiang Ji feel ashamed? " So he said to the pavilion commander, "I know you are a loyal elder. I rode this horse for five years, invincible, and once traveled thousands of miles every day. I can't bear to kill it. Give it to you." He ordered the cavalry to dismount and walk, holding Short weapon Fight with the pursuers. Xiang Ji alone killed hundreds of Han soldiers. King Xiang also suffered more than ten injuries.

King Xiang looked back and saw the Han Army Riding a horse Lu Matong He said, "Aren't you my old acquaintance?" The caddy then made a face to Xiang Wang and pointed to him Wang Yi He said, "This is the King of Xiang." The King of Xiang said, "I heard that the King of Han offered a reward for my head with a thousand jin of gold. I will give you this benefit!" Then he cut his own throat and died. Wang Yi took off the head of King Xiang, and other cavalry trampled on the body of King Xiang. Dozens of people were killed because of the fight. Finally, Lang Zhongqi will Yang Xi , riding Simalu's horse boy, doctor Lv Sheng 、 Yang Wu Each fought for a limb. When five people come together and put their limbs together, they are all right. So. Divide Xiang Yu's land into five pieces; Lu Ma Tong was granted the title of Marquis of Zhongshui and Wang Yi was granted the title of Marquis of Zhongshui Du Yan Marquis, Yang Xi as Marquis of Chiquan, Yang Wu as Marquis of Wu Fang, and Lv Sheng as Marquis of Nie (Nie).

King Xiang is dead, and all the land of Chu has surrendered to the king of Han, only Lu County No surrender. The king of Han led all the soldiers in the world to kill Lu City, but considering that they scrupulously abide by the etiquette and justice, and would not hesitate to die for the king's honor, he showed the head of King Xiang to the people of Lu, and the people of Lu surrendered. At the beginning, King Huai of Chu granted Xiang the title of Duke Lu. After his death, the State of Lu finally surrendered. So, according to the title of Duke Lu, King Xiang Interment In Gucheng. The King of Han mourned him and cried a lot before leaving.

None of the branches of the Xiang clan was killed by the Han king. seal Xiang Bo by Sheyang Hou. Taohou, Pinggaohou Xuanwu Marquis They all belong to the Xiang surname. The King of the Han Dynasty gave them the surname Liu.^[1-2]

title for the historians Sima qian and his father Sima tan Said: I heard from Zhou Sheng that Shun's eyes might be two pupils. Heard again Nape feather They are also two pupils. Is Xiang Yu a descendant of Shun? Otherwise, how could his success be so sudden! The Qin Dynasty messed up its decrees, Chen Shi First of all, heroes from all walks of life swarmed to fight with each other. However, Xiang Yu didn't have some right to rely on. He took advantage of the chaos at the end of the Qin Dynasty to rise among the people. In only three years, he led the five princes of Qi, Zhao, Han, Wei and Yan in the original Warring States Period to destroy the Qin Dynasty, divide the land of the world, and make princes and marquises. All the government orders were issued by Xiang Yu, who called himself "overlord". Although his position did not last long, But there has never been such a person since ancient times. As for Xiang Yu, he abandoned Guanzhong, missed the establishment of Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and was exiled usurper It is difficult to achieve great things if you are independent as king and complain that princes betray you. He boasted of his military exploits and tried his best to show his intelligence, but he refused Learn from The ancients believed that the achievement of the overlord depended on the military conquest of the vassals to govern the world. As a result, they finally lost their country in five years and died in the eastern city. They still didn't realize it and didn't blame themselves. It was really wrong. But is it not absurd that he said that "God wants to destroy me, it is not the fault of using the army" to extricate himself from me?

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