synonymhave a fever(disease) generally refers to fever (medical term)
Fever, commonly known as fever, symptom name, normal personThermoregulatory centerUnder the control ofThermogenesisAnd heat dissipation processdynamic equilibrium, when the body is inPyrogenActing on or central to body temperaturedysfunctionWhen the temperature is above 37.3 ℃, the heat generation process increases, but the heat dissipation cannot increase or decrease accordingly.
3. Endocrine and metabolic diseases: such asHyperthyroidismWhen the heat production increases, the heat dissipation of severely dehydrated patients decreases, which increases the body temperature.
Can high fever burn the brain?There is no evidence that fever itself causesnervous systemDamage.But heat cancentral nervous systemExcitabilityIncreased, especially in high fever, children may be irritableDelirium, hallucinations, etc.As the nervous system of children is not yet mature, febrile convulsions are more likely to occur in infants with fever than in other periods.Some children with hyperthermia may also have symptoms of nervous system depression such as apathy and lethargy.In addition, if the fever partnerNeck ankylosis、Anterior fontanelleSwellingLevel of consciousnessDownConvulsion, evenStatus convulsion, often promptCentral nervous system infection, may leave the nervous systemsequela。[2]
The higher the temperature, the worse the condition?at presentclinical research The results showed that the severity of the disease could not be judged simply by the degree of fever.Fever is a kind of pathology of the body against foreign pathogens or substancesPhysiological responseTo some extent, fever is beneficial to activate the immune function of the body.However, it should be noted that the risk of serious bacterial infection increases when the temperature of infants less than 3 months old is ≥ 38 ℃, and the temperature of infants 3-6 months old is ≥ 39 ℃.Persistent high fever in the body may cause cell degeneration, necrosis or even fever relatedCytokine stormAnd endanger life.[2]
Body temperature flareShengdaAfter the peak, it lasts for several hours, and then quickly drops to the normal level. The heatless period (intermittent period) can last for one to several days, so that the high fever period and the heatless period occur repeatedly.Common inmalaria、Acute pyelonephritisEtc.
Wavy heat
The body temperature gradually rises to 39 ℃ or above, then gradually drops to the normal level after a few days, and then gradually rises after a few days, repeatedly.Common inBrucellosis。
Regression fever
The body temperature rises sharply to 39 ° C or above, and then suddenly drops to the normal level after several days.The high fever period and the non fever period each lasted for several days and alternated regularly once.Visible inRegression fever、Hodgkin's diseaseEtc.
The fundamental way to solve fever is to actively deal with the causes of fever.For example:Infectious fever, according toInfection sourceDifferent choice of effective drugs for treatment;Dehydrated patients activelyfluid infusion；happenDrug reactionImmediately stop taking medicine and take anti allergy treatment.
Cooling treatment
For infectious fever, fever itself is the bodyimmune systemIt is one of the manifestations of removing the source of infection. Unless the patient is seriously uncomfortable and strongly required by high fever, it is usually not urgent to useAntipyreticAnd other drugs, but we must inform the patients to get their understanding.For patients with high fever, cooling treatment must be carried out.
Preventive treatment
The patient needs to rest in bed, drink more water, and take a light and digestible diet.
Pay attention to diet in case of fever
Announce
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First, drink more water to ensure liquid intake.Children with fever consume more calories and lose more water, so they should drink moreplain boiled waterWhen sweating a lot, add some salt to the water to supplement the lost salt.Secondly, fever will make the bodyDigestive juiceDecreased secretion,digestive enzymeDecreased vitality leads to decreased appetite and digestive function, and disease itself can increase the body'sEnergy consumption, will appearelectrolyteandCaloric intakeNot enough, so in addition to drinking more plain water, you should also give light, digestible, moisture rich, calorie rich foods, such asApple、Vegetable soup、Rice porridge, milk, etc., should eat less and eat more meals, preferably 6-7 times a day.When there is fever, but the condition is not very serious, there is no serious vomiting and diarrhea, etc., should not be excessive diet.Breastfed infants should be fed several times in a small amount to avoid vomiting, diarrhea, etcindigestionsymptom;The babies can be fed with the same amount of rice soup or porridgenoodleEtc;Children and older children should be givenliquid diet、Semifluid eclipseOr soft food, should be light, not greasy, avoid spicy, raw and cold and difficult to digest food.[2]
In addition, the diet should not recover too quickly or be urgently supplemented after the fever has subsidedhigh proteinHigh calorie food should be gradually restored to normal diet to avoid indigestion and gastrointestinal discomfort.[2]
findChild feverParents should measure their body temperature as soon as possibleElectronic thermometerThe axillary temperature was measured.Proper nursing care for children with fever can improve theirComfort, such as applying warm water to childrenforeheadWarm water bath, less clothesAntipyretic paste, fans and indoor temperature reduction, which can be achieved by conduction, convection andEvaporationTake away the body heat and make the children with fever feel comfortable.The temperature of children over 2 months old is ≥ 38.2 ℃, with obvious discomfort, so it can be usedAntipyretic analgesicsThe drug should be taken orally in strict accordance with the recommended dosage in the instructions. After taking antipyretic and analgesic drugs, a lot of sweat will occur. You should change clothes in time to make the child comfortable.After the use of antipyretic and analgesic drugs, the body temperature starts to drop in 30~60 minutesLethargy, poor mental reaction, orFebrile convulsionAnd seek the help of doctors in time.[2]
Poor appetite, sweating, faster breathing, faster metabolism, etc. will lead to insufficient intake, so children should be allowed to drink more water, and the diet should be light and easy to digest.Parents should record the child's temperature, water consumption, diet, stool frequency and color, which can help to judge the child's status;Open windows regularly every day to keep the air fresh, and try to avoidConvective wind；Ensure adequate rest for children to promote physical recovery.[2]
Children with fever can usePhysical coolingIs it?What are the physical cooling methods?
National guidelines do not recommend the following physical cooling measures for antipyretic treatment, includingethanolWipe body, ice waterenemaAnd other methods, because it will significantly increase the discomfort of children（shiver, startingGooseflesh, crying).Excessive or extensive usePhysical methodsBy cooling the skin, it will cause the body toThermogenesis(shivering) and further reduce heat dissipation (skinblood capillaryShrinkage,Pili erector muscleShrink to produce skin gooseflesh) to resist the physical cooling effect.[2]
The methods that children can use for fever mainly include external application of warm water, warm water bath and antipyretic paste.The physical cooling effect can be achieved by externally applying warm water to children's forehead, or by taking a warm bath at an appropriate time, or by reducing the amount of clothing worn.Antipyretic stickers, fans and reducing indoor temperature can also take away body heat through conduction, convection and evaporation, making children with fever feel comfortable.[2]
How to deal with fever in newborns and infants under 3 months of age?
The following points should be paid attention to in the treatment of fever in neonates and infants of 1 to 3 months of age without clear local focus: (1) First, the body temperature should be measured correctly.Subaxillary temperatureIt is often used as a standard temperature measurement method in the neonatal ward, but it may not accurately reflect the core temperature（Rectal temperatureIt reflects the core temperature), so when evaluating the fever caused by infection in infants aged 1-3 months, the axillary temperature is generallynot regard asCriteria for assessing fever.(2) To determine whether the increased temperature of the newborn is caused by excessive wrapping of clothes or quilts, loosen the clothes and quilts, and measure the temperature again 15 to 30 minutes later. In this case, the infant's temperatureReturn to normal, it is considered that there is no heating.(3) When neonates and infants aged 1 to 3 months have fever, they should reduce their clothing, open their bags for heat dissipation, and monitor their body temperature every 15 to 30 minutes;Less use of warm water applied to the forehead, antipyretic patches and other methods to cool down;Under the age of 2 months, it is not recommended to use antipyretic drugs or wipe with ethanol;Evaporation of alcohol after wiping can cause rapid skin cooling and chills;Ethanol is also presentAbsorbed through skinRisk of poisoning.(4) Infants under 3 months of age with a body temperature ≥ 38 ℃, especially newbornsimmunityIf the clinical manifestation is not typical when the disease is incomplete or infected, it is recommended to check in hospital and carry out necessary anti infection treatment.[2]
When heating and shivering, should we continue to physically cool down or keep warm?
In case of fever and chills, physical cooling is not suitable.feverTemperature rise periodThe child may feel cold orAversion to cold, shivering, pale skin, and increased body heat production.Physical cooling at this time will significantly increase the discomfort of the child, aggravate the symptoms of trembling and shivering, and cause more obviousThermogenic reaction。
Pay attention to keeping warm when children have fever and chills, and improve the comfort of children with fever. Add clothes or cover quilts for children properly. Pay attention to keeping warm, and do not wrap children too tightly or too thick. Clothes can be increased or decreased according to their fever status.Children livingambient temperatureIt should also be appropriate to adjust the indoor temperature to make children feel warm and comfortable.[2]
Can you put on more clothes and quilts to cover your sweat when you get hot?
No.During the period of temperature rise, if the child hasChilliness, chills and other symptoms, it is appropriate to add warm clothes for children to improve their comfort.At feverDuration, due to children'sThermoregulationThe ability is not perfect, too many and too thick clothes or quilts are not easy to dissipate heat, which may lead to heat accumulation in the body of childrenHigh fever。In infants, excessive warmth or stuffiness may also lead to dehydration.
For children with fever, antipyretic measures should be taken to improve children's comfort. See the previous question for physical cooling methods. Do not blindly increase a large number of clothes.[2]
