synonymInformation society(Information society) generally refers to the information society
The information society, also known as the information society, is a society in which information will play a major role after leaving the industrialized society.so-calledinformation society, is based onBased on electronic information technology, based on information resourcesDevelopment resources, withInformation service industry is the basic social industry, taking digitalization and networking as the basic societyCommunication modeA new type of society.
The concept of "informatization" was put forward in the early 1960s.It is generally believed that informatization refers to information technology andIT industryIn the economy andsocial developmentThe dynamic development process in which the role of is increasingly strengthened and plays a leading role.It takes the information industrynational economyThe proportion of information technology inTraditional industriesThe application degree and the construction level of information infrastructure are the main indicators.
Information Society andPost industrial societyThe concept ofPrincipleDifferences.The information society, also known as the information society, is a society in which information will play a major role after leaving the industrialized society.
The information economy plays a leading role in the national economy and constitutesSocial informatizationThe material basis of.By computermicroelectronicsandcommunications technologyThe information technology revolution is the power source of social informatization.
Because information technology is used in data production, scientific research and educationmedical care, enterprise and government management, as well as extensive application in families, which has had a huge and profound impact on economic and social development, fundamentally changing people's lifestyleBehaviorAnd values.
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1. In the information society, information and knowledge become importantProductive factors, together with material and energy, they constitute the three major resources on which society depends for survival.
2. The economy of the information society is based on the information economyknowledge economyThe dominant economy is different from the agricultural society in thatagricultural economyIndustrial society is based onindustrial economyIs dominant.
3. In the information society, the knowledge of workers has become a basic requirement.
4. Science, technology and humanities are more closely combined under the influence of information and knowledge.
5. Human life is constantly tending towards harmony and social sustainable development.[1]
It is a destructive programnetwork transmissionHidden in the computer's memory, it will attack when the time is ripe.During the attack, the light person will consume computer resources and reduce efficiency;The worst one destroys datasoftware systemSome even destroy computer hardware or makeNetwork paralysis。
Information powerful countries influence other countries with their own culture and lifestyle through information monopoly and publicity of their own values.[2]
The information society is also often calledknowledge society, but the emphasis of the two concepts is slightly different.In the knowledge society, knowledge and innovation become the core of society;Compared with "information society", the concept of information society is based on the progress of information technology. The concept of "knowledge society" includes a broader range of social, ethical and political aspects. The information society is just a means to realize the knowledge society;Information technology revolutionbringsocial formationTo promote the knowledge society orientedNext generation innovation（Innovation 2.0）。In the knowledge society, everyone should learn to come and go freely in the information ocean and cultivatecognitive ability And critical spirit, so as to distinguish useful information from useless information and have new knowledge;The knowledge society has also expanded the source of innovation from a few scientific and technological elites to a wide range of the public, promoting the democratization of innovation;Knowledge society asNetwork societyMust pay more attention to global issues: throughinternational co-operationAnd scientific cooperation, environmental damageTechnical risk、economic crisisAnd poverty are expected to be better solved;Knowledge sharingIt is the keystone of the knowledge society. Innovation 2.0, which is characterized by mass innovation, common innovation and open innovation, is the essence of the knowledge society, and the knowledge society is the source of human sustainable development.
From the perspective of productivity, human society can be divided intoagricultural society、industrial societyInformation society.From the perspective of production relations, the historical development of human society can be divided intoPrimitive society、slave society、feudal society、capitalist society 、Communist society。The development of production relations is determined by the productive forces, and there is an internal relationship between the two different social forms.agricultural societyBasically, it corresponds to the feudal society;industrial societyBasicallycapitalismCorresponding to the society, it only appeared in the 20th centurysocialist society 。The industrialization process of developed capitalist countries has been basically completed, and it is difficult for Marx to realize the goal of communist society on the basis of industrial society.From the perspective of production relations, what kind of society will the future information society correspond to?In a long historical period, it will still be capitalism and socialism.Capitalism in the information society stage will be a new capitalism that constantly adjusts its production relations under the new productive forces. Capitalism has made new breakthroughs again in the development process, further releasing the institutional potential of capitalist society under the new productive forces, and extending the life of capitalism;The arrival of the information society also makes the productivity level lowSocialist countryPossibleLeap forward developmentThe socialism of the information society will make the productivity moreDeveloped socialism。
Under the conditions of different social forms and different productive forces, the corresponding organizational management structure has been formed.agricultural societyOfProduction organization formSo there isConsanguinityThe family ofpower structureIs societyMacro managementThe basic characteristics of;industrial societyThe production organization form ofSocialized mass production, formed a political party andrepresentative systemSocial Macroscopics Characterized by Democracymanagement system；In the future information society, information technology has greatly promoted the spread of culture, knowledge and information, provided technical conditions for people to fully express their will, and promoted people'sDemocratic consciousnessDemocratic concepts and requirements.At the same time, traditionalmanagement layerThe situation of monopoly information has been broken, and the monopoly information has been lostDecision managementAdvantages of power, traditionalBureaucracyThe inherent or derived rational and departmental management system will be impacted,industrial societyThe representative democracy formed is being challenged.In the information society, representative democracyindirect democracyAnd began to promote participation in democracyDirect democracyEvolution, from the traditional pyramid organization management structure to the network organization management structure.
ProductiveTechnical processSignificant changes in nature will always lead to people'sProduction activitiesChanges in methods.Just as the universal adoption of machines willHandicraft workshopOfProduction modeTransformed intoMachinery industryThe information society has also formed a new mode of production.It is manifested in the following aspects: First, the traditional mechanized production mode has been replaced by the automated production mode, and the automated production mode has further transformed human beings from the heavyphysical laborTo liberate from;Second, the rigid mode of production is changing to the flexible mode of production, which enables enterprises to be flexible and timely in aManufacturing systemProduction of various products;Third, large-scaleConcentrationThe mode of production is being transformed into a decentralized mode of production with moderate scale;Fourth, information andKnowledge productionbecomeSocial productionImportant way.
The information society will form a batch of new industries and promote newindustrial structureFormation of.First, the information technology revolution has spawned a large number of emerging industries,IT industryRapid development and growth, the output value of the information sector in the wholeTotal social output valueThe proportion ofpillar industry；Second, traditional industries generally implement technological transformation to reduce production costs and improveLabor efficiency, while the traditionalenergy conversion The transformation of tools has made the boundary between the traditional industry and the information industry more and more blurred, and the industrial structure of the whole society is in the process of constant change;Third, the widespread use of intelligent tools in the information society has further improved thelabour productivity，Material production departmentThe improvement of efficiency has further accelerated the transformation of the entire industrial structure to the service industry, and the information society will be a service-oriented economy society.
5. Popularization and application of digital production tools
Digital production tools are widely used in production and service fields.Various forms of industrial societyProduction equipmentIt will be transformed by information technology and become an intelligent device in the information societyagricultural productionandindustrial production It will be based on intelligent equipment based on information technology.Similarly, private services and public services in the information society will be more or less based on intelligent equipment, and services such as telecommunications, banking, logistics, television, medical care, commerce and insurance will depend onInformation equipment。Due to the wide application of information technology and the wide popularization of intelligent equipment, the governmentEnterprise organization structureHas been restructured,Behavior modeNew changes have taken place.
6. New forms of employment andThe emergence of employment structure
With the evolution of the industrial structure, when mankind moves towards the information society, new employment patterns begin to form, and new changes will take place in the employment structure.From the perspective of Borat statistical system, socio-economic activities can be divided into four major categoriesIndustrial sectorNamely agriculture, industry, service industry andInformation industry。along withSocio economic formThe evolution of,population of working agesFrom agricultural sector toindustrial sector In the late industrialization period,agricultural populationAnd industrial population flows to the service sectorindustrial societyIn the process of transforming into an information society,Development of information technologyA large number of new forms and modes of employment have emerged, and the labor force is mainly concentrated in the information sector.The traditional employment mode is challenged, and the full-time working mode is changing to the flexible working mode.Information workerThe growth of is an important feature of the transformation of the social form from an industrial society to an information society.
Division of labor and specialization are the main driving forces of economic growth. The possible boundary of division of labor to expand production has promoted the development of human society.Where there is division of labor, there will be transactions. The diffusion of information technology in the information society has led to new changes in the way of transactions.First, the development of information technology has promoted the expansion of market exchange objects. Knowledge, information, technologyTalent marketRapid development;Second, the modernization brought by the development of information technologyMeans of transportandInformation communicationTools enable people to break through regional barriers and make the world market begin to take shape;Third, information technology provides people with new means of transaction. E-commerce has become the basic form of transaction, which also expands the space for market transactions.
8. Urbanization presents new characteristics
With the completion of industrialization, cities have become the main gathering places of human settlements and industrialized countriesUrbanization rateThey have reached more than 80%.along withindustrial societyIn the evolution to the information society, the human way of gathering in large cities is changing,urban populationAfter hundreds of years of gathering, the trend of diffusion began to appear,key cityDevelopment speedSlow down and suburbanization occurs.The spillover of population in big cities makes cities move from traditional single center toMulticenterdevelopment.Several central cities are closely linked through the growth axis, and the whole region has become a highly developedUrbanized area。Different scales and gradesBetween citiesThrough developedtraffic network andCommunication networkAnd form functional complementary and regional interpenetratingUrban agglomeration(metropolitan interlocking region ）, urban agglomerations (metropolitan areas) play an increasingly prominent role in the development of the entire national economy, affecting and dominating the development of the world economy.
9. The formation of digital lifestyle
Like the disintegration of the industrialization process in the 19th centuryagricultural societyHas establishedindustrial societyOfLifestyleSimilarly, a new way of life in the information society is taking shape.In the information society, intelligent integrated networks will be distributed in all corners of the society, including fixed phones, mobile phones, televisions, computers and other information-basedterminal equipmentWill be everywhere."No matter what, no matter when, no matter where" people can get text, voice, image information.Information societyDigital homeMedium, easy to use, inexpensive and portable consumptionDigital products3C home appliances based on network will be widely used, and people will live in a society surrounded by various information terminals.
In the information society, with the traditionalindustrial societyThe weapons of the era are controlled by intelligent systems, and human society has enteredInformation weaponTimes.The form of war in the information society is mainly reflected inInformation warfareOn the one hand, it is a war between rival military groups (including political, economic, cultural, technological and social fields) to seize information space and compete for information resources.In the information society, war presents new characteristics: first, in the information society, war will ultimately be manifested in the collection, transmission, control and use of informationInformation advantagesIs the main goal of all parties involved in the war;Second, weapons and equipment show a trend of informatization, intelligence and integration, with unprecedented improvement in attack accuracy and greatly enhanced lethality;Third, some new features have emerged in the form and mode of war. The battlefield space is developing into a five dimensional integration of land, sea, air, space and electricityNon-linear operationIt is becoming the basic mode of engagement of war under high-tech conditions;Fourth, in order to adapt to the changes in the form of war, combat forces are highly integrated and tend to be small, light and diversified,Command systemThe vertical level is reduced, more flexible and efficient.
Second, informatization has become a driving forceAn important means of economic growth.information economyA prominent feature oftechnical contentHigh,PermeabilityStrong, fast value-added, can largely optimize variousproduction factorsSo as to optimize the allocation of various resources and reduce theproduction costs, improvedlabour productivity, expanding the socialtotal output, which has promoted economic growth. In the process of informatization, by increasing the input of information resources, it can replace the input of various physical resources and energy to a certain extent, and reducematerial resources And the consumption of energy has also changed the traditional mode of economic growth.
Third, informatization leads to lifestyle andsocial structureChanges.With the continuous progress of information technology, intelligent integrated networks are spread all over the society, and information technology is changing thelearning style, ways of working and entertainment.Digitaltool of productionWith the wide application of consumer terminals, human beings have lived in a society surrounded by various information terminals.Information has gradually become one of the indispensable elements of modern human life.Some traditional jobs have been eliminated,population of working agesMain directionInformation departmentConcentration, new employment patterns andemployment structure Forming.In the highly informationalizeddeveloped country, whichInformation industryThe employees have accounted for more than half of the total social employees.A large number of new forms and modes of employment have been expedited, such asFlexible working hour system, home officeOnline job search、Flexible employmentEtc.businesstransaction mode, Governmentmanagement model 、social management The structure is also changing.
The continuous deepening of the informatization tidehuman societyGoing beyond“industrial society”And presents the basic characteristics of "information society".It is mainly reflected in: information technology promotes the automation of production,production efficiencySignificant improvement, science and technology asPrimary productivityFully reflected;IT industryForm and becomepillar industry;Information and knowledge become importantpublic wealth;Management plays a decisive role in improving enterprise efficiency;The service industry economy forms and occupies an important economic share.
With the rapid development of information technology, it has also brought negative and negative impacts to human beings.This is mainly reflected in the impact of informatization on global and social developmentout-off-balanceThe benefits brought by informatization to human society are not found in different countries, regions andsocial stratumIs shared.Digital gap ordigital gapIncreased the number of developed countries anddeveloping countryThe gap between the developed regions and the economyunderdevelopedRegional disparities.The extensive application of information technology has made workersSpecific laborThe dependence onLabor qualityIn particular, the requirement for professional quality has gradually improved, which inevitably brings a certain degree ofstructural unemployment。The formation of the digital lifestyle has made human beingsdependenceIt is getting stronger and strongerEmergency mechanismUnder imperfect conditions, once an emergency occurs, it will have a great impact on production and life.In addition,information safetyAndCybercrime、information explosionAnd information quality, personal privacy andCultural diversityThe protection of information technology is also a new challenge to human society.
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information society
China's path to informatization
The 60th session held in March 2006United Nations General AssemblyResolution 252 was adopted to set the date of“World Information Society Day”This marks that the impact of informatization on human society has entered a new stage.Accelerate the development of informatization, deepen informatization and promote informationSocial constructionIt has become the common choice of all countries in the world.The goal of informatization development in developed countries is clearer, and countries have introduced corresponding plans and strategies.U.S. governmentThe 21st Century Information Technology Plan, the Network and Information Technology Research and Development Plan and the National Strategy for Cyberspace Security were successively released.The EU Research and Technology Development Framework Plan formulated and implemented by the EU has now entered its sixth implementation period (2002-2006), and information technology is clearly listed as one of the seven research priority areas.The Japanese government has formulated the Focus 21 Plan and passednational budgetFor the next generation in the field of electronic information technologySemiconductor chipHigh reliabilitysoftware systemNext generation planedisplay technique , Next GenerationGlobal Positioning SystemAnd so on.The South Korean government launched the IT839 Strategy, which identified nine information technologies with growth momentum as the short-term, medium and long-termInvestment focus。
In May 2006, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the National Informatization Development Strategy for 2006-2020, making a comprehensive deployment for the development of informatization.The Strategy points out that vigorously promoting informatization is a strategic measure covering the overall situation of China's modernization drive, implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development, building a well-off society in an all-round wayBuilding a Harmonious Socialist SocietyandBuilding an innovative countryThe urgent need and inevitable choice.
Through efforts, Chinainformation construction Gratifying progress has been made,IT industryFrom scratch, it has become the national economybasic industry 、pillar industryandLeading industry。In 2006, the added value of the information industry accounted forgross domestic productThe proportion of.Telephone users、network size It has ranked first in the worldbroadband accessUsers rank firstSecond in the world。Electronic information productsmanufacturing industryExportsThe proportion in total exports has exceeded 30%.Mobile phonesSPC exchange, color TVpersonal computer, DisplayoutputBoth ranked first in the world.At the same time, China's national economy andSocial informatizationThe overall level has been continuously improved.Agricultural informationThe transformation is progressing smoothly.“Village to village telephone”The project progressed steadily.wholean old China handThe proportion of telephone administrative villages reached 98.85%, and all administrative villages in 24 provinces were connected by telephone;Various regions have successively established agricultural comprehensive information service systems to provide farmers with various agricultural information through various access methods;Application of information technology development in some regionsPrecision agriculture Remarkable results have been achieved.New progress has been made in applying information technology to transform traditional manufacturing and service industries, and the informatization level of energy, transportation, metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry and other industries has gradually improved.The level of social informatization has been continuously improved.E-commerce developmentGood momentum;e-governmentSteady development;Science and technology, education, culturemedical and health work, social security, environmental protection, etcField informatizationThe pace was significantly accelerated.The construction of basic information resources started, and the proportion of Chinese information on the Internet increased significantly.Information security assuranceGradually strengthen the informatization policylegal environment Keep improving.《Electronic signature law》It has been promulgated and implemented, and information training has been highly valued,Informatization talentsThe team continues to grow.
On the whole, China isIndustrialization levelTo promote informatization on a lower basis, it is impossible and should not follow the development path of "industrialization before informatization" in developed countries. Instead, we should combine industrialization with informatization and give priority to developmentIT industryAnd promote industrialization with informatization, and promote informatization with industrialization.
First, we should use advanced science and technology to achieveLatecomer effectAnd accelerate the development of China's information industry.We should speed up the construction of advanced and applicable information infrastructure, and vigorously improve the network function and business provision capacityElectronic information industry, focus on breakthroughIntegrated circuit, software, keyElectronic components, KeyProcess equipmentAnd other basic industriesDevelopment bottleneck。Actively encourage and guide independent innovation to form an enterprise orientedTechnological innovation system, improve the ability of self healthy development, and improve China's information industry'sGlobal industryPosition in the pattern.
Second, we should vigorously strengthen agricultureheavy industry, energyTransportationAnd other traditional industries, and use this favorable opportunity to drive the service industryRelated industries, successfully realizedindustrial structureAdjustment, conversion and upgrade of.We should strengthen the application of information technology in agriculture and rural areas, and gradually narrow the "digital divide" between urban and rural areas.Accelerate the pace of information technology transformation of traditional industries, promote the informatization of design and R&D, digitization of production equipmentProduction processIntelligent andOperation managementNetworking.Use information technology to promotehigh energy-consumption, high material consumption and high pollution industries.Strengthen the development and utilization of information resources and build advancedCyberculture。
Third, we should actively take measures to narrow the digital divide, strengthen information security, cultivate national information skills, and make informatization benefit the whole people.To establish and improveuniversal service System, orientedOld, young, border and poor areasAnd socially disadvantaged groups to provide convenient and cheapinformation service。Vigorously develop various agricultural electronic products, and promote the application of information technology in agriculture and rural areas.Further increase the construction of information infrastructure, strengthen the construction of software and hardware to deal with emergencies, promote the improvement of disaster tolerance capability, and improve the information security and disasterResilience。Vigorously popularizeInformation technology educationActively carry out national informationSkill educationAnd training to expand the informatization talent team.
In short, withDevelopment of information technologyInformatization and globalization have become an irreversible trend of the contemporary world economy.We should correctly understand the general trend of global informatization development, actively respond to this general trend, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and accelerate developmentIT industry, actively promote the national economy andSocial informatization, narrow the digital divide, improve the level of information security assurancea country of innovatorsAnd building a harmonious socialist society.
