Fuxi,Chinese nationHumanities first,Three EmperorsOne is Taihao, or Huangxiong.[25]The ancestor of human beings in mythology.It is said that it is the Feng surname, also known as Mi Xi, Pao Xi, Bao Xi, Fu Xi, also known as Xie Huang, Huang Xi《Redords of the Grand History of China》It is called victim in the middle, but alsoQing EmperorTai Hao Fu Xi (the Oriental God) said.Suiren's surnameSon,[1]It is said that his motherHua XustayLeiser(TodayShandongprovinceHeZe ）Stepping on huge footprints, she became pregnant and gave birth to Fuxi in Chengji (now Tianshui City, Gansu Province[27]）, with its capital in Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan)[25]。[2]
The Book of Changes (Part 2): "The ancients killed the king of the family, who looked up to the sky and looked down to the earth. The writing of birds and beasts was suitable for the earth. They took the body near and the things far away, so they began to makeEight Trigrams。”He also taught people to tie ropes to make fishnets, catch fish and hunt animals, and marry people with a gift of "Li Pi". He also createdmarital harmony(Shiben Writings).[25]《Imperial century》It is said that "Fu Yi tastes a hundred herbs and makes nine needles". For more than a thousand years, Chinese medical circles have worshippedMedicine、Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe ancestor of.[26]
Alias
Tai Hao, Mi Xi, Pao Xi, Bao Xi, Fu Xi, Fu Huang, Huang Xiong[25]
Fuxi is the first of the three emperors and five emperors, and the first of a hundred kings.Chinese ancestorsMatriarchal societyget intoPatrilineal societyThe first male ancestor recorded in the literature.In the era of fishing and hunting with low labor skills, he invented the fishnet, which was used to catch fish, animals and birds. It solved the famine of the ancestors and created animal husbandry.When the ancestors were ignorant, they began to do gossip, making ignorance wisdom;When people were divided into groups, they began to determine their surname, which gave the ancestors a family symbol.As Fuxi is a great ancestor who made Chinese ancestors step into the early civilization from obscurity, he is called the humanistic ancestor of Chinese people all over the world.[29-30]
It is said that in ancient times,Hua XuguoThere's a guy called“Huaxu”A girl namedLeiser(TodayShandongprovinceHeZe ）I saw a huge footprint occasionally and stepped on it curiouslyPregnancyAfter twelve years of pregnancy, she gave birth to a son with a snake body and a human head, named Fuxi.[4-5]
Fuxi looked up at the skycloud, rain and snow, thunder and lightning, watch the wind blowing on the ground, fog, and observe birds and animals. According to the theory of Yin and Yang changes between heaven and earth, we created the Eight Diagrams, that is, to summarize everything between heaven and earth with eight simple but profound symbols.He imitates spiders in nature to spin webs, which are used forfishinggo hunting.He also createdwritten wordsInstead of knotting on the ropeMemorizemethod.
Fu Xi formulated themarriageThe system adopts the dual system of men and women, using deerskin asbride-price。And based on the animalssurname, or take plant, residence, official position as surname to preventincestuous marriageandConsanguineous marriage, make ChinasurnameSince its origin, it has lasted till now.[8]
Key achievements
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From previous dynastiesClassicsAccording to the records, Fuxi's contributions mainly include the following aspects:
1、 Created Eight Diagrams, openedChinese nationThe source of culture.The holistic and intuitive way of thinking and dialectical thought of "harmony between man and nature" contained in Fuxi's Eight Diagrams areChinese cultureOrigin of.
7、 According to《Chu Silk Book of Changsha Bullet Depot》It can be seen from the records that there was a world in Fuxi period, but it is still a placeDesolationSo Fuxi married, gave birth to children and named all things.[10]
Near onecenturySince then, withArchaeologyAnd pairancientvarioustribeResearch progress,educational circlesyesChinese civilization OforiginThere is a new understanding.Emperor YanandYellow EmperorIs the representative of the Chinese people, and Fuxi is the commonHonorOfAncestors。As a thinker and inventor with great wisdom, Fuxi sought the historical symbol of survival and development and played an invaluable role in the progress and development of the Chinese civilization.[11]
Encyclopedia x ignorance: Illustrated Wushi
Famous literatiLu YouThe evaluation of Fu Xi's inauguration "broke the secrets of heaven and earth without reason, starting from the time when the Emperor Xi painted".
Historical position
Fuxi
since ancient timesthree emperors and five sovereignsFu Xi, the leader of the three emperors and the first of a hundred kings, was a wise thinker and inventor, and played an invaluable role in the progress and development of the Chinese civilization.
Family members
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According to the Records of the Three Historians, the Chronicle of the Three Emperors, Fu XiheNuwaOfmotherThe same person:Huaxu。Fu Xi and Nu WaBrother and sisterThe two live on Kunlun Mountain. In order to reproduce, brother and sister marryspouse，createHuman beings.staythe Spring and Autumn periodThere are Ren, Su, Xu, Ju and Zhuan Yu, all of whom belong to Fuxioffspring。[12]
according toLi ShanNote: Wenxuan records that Concubine Mi belongs to Fu Xidaughter, drowned inLuoshuiMedium, yesgoddess of the Luo River。This is the beginning of the Tang Dynasty.[13]
According to the ancient records, Fuxi imitated Tai Chi and then created the world with a picture. The creation of all things in the world and the birth of life in the world depend on this picture.
The so-called "Tiangen" refers to the chaotic world, dark and unlighted, which suddenly opens up the sky, while Yin and Yang move up and down. The heaven and earth are positioned, the sun and the moon move, and all things are born and died.Is it not just a simulation of Tai Chi that Fuxi started his life with one painting?Then all the hexagrams and lines come from here, which is the image of Tai Chi.
《I Ching》Cloud: To protect the world and make it bigger, it is possible that all the people can be attracted by it. It is known that this is the beginning of humanity.
Creation Myth
Fu Xi isChinaThe earliest recorded creation god is recorded in the Chu Silk Book.[6]
The Chu silk book was unearthed in Changsha in 1942 atChangshaA Chu tomb on Wangjiazu Mountain in the eastern suburb's bullet depot is the earliest and most complete creation myth record of the Pre Qin Dynasty unearthed in China at present, and there is no more complete and clear than it in the existing Chinese pre Qin handed down literature and unearthed literatureCreation Myth Its value is self-evident.
The explanation of the first chapter of the Chu silk book said that Fu XiNuwaTwo gods, marriedcouple, gave birth to four sons.These four sons later became the four gods representing the four seasons.The four gods opened up the earth, which is why they understand the law of Yin and Yang.fromYuAndDeedTo manage the earth and formulate a calendar, so that the stars rise and fall orderly, the mountains are unblocked, and the Yin and Yang between the mountains and the rivers and seas are ventilated.There was no sun and moon at that time, and the four gods took turns to represent the four seasons.The leader of the four gods is Qing Gan, the second is Zhu Sidan, the third is Bai Dayan, and the fourth is Mo Gan.
Thousands of years later, the emperor gave birth to the sun and the moon.From then on, Jiuzhou was peaceful and the mountain tombs were peaceful.The four gods also built a canopy to make it rotate, and reinforced the canopy with the essence of five colored wood.The Yan Emperor sent Zhu Rong to establish the four poles in three days with four gods.People respect God for nine days, seek peace, and dare not despise God.The emperor then formulated the operation rules of the sun and the moon.
laterGong GongFormulate the ten stem and leap month, and formulate a more accurate calendar. Day and night are divided into the night, day, and night.
Eight Trigrams Founder
Embroidered Statue: Fu Xi and Eight Diagrams
It is said that Fuxi was regarded as the god and the founder of the Eight Diagrams because he made the Eight Diagrams.remote datePeople know nothing about nature.weatherIt will change, the sun and the moon will move, and people will live, age, disease and death. No one knows what all these phenomena are.When people encounter unanswerable questions, they all ask Fuxi. When Fuxi can't answer them, they feel at a loss, and people live in fear every day.Fuxi often looked around and speculated about the changing laws of the earth in cold and hot weather and the blooming and falling of flowers.He saw the Central PlainsYarrowDense, people began to use yarrow for divination.
One day, Fuxi caught a fish in the Cai RiverWhite tortoiseHe quickly dug a large pool and raised the turtle.One day, Fuxi was putting food into the White Turtle Pool when someone ran to say that a monster had appeared in the Cai River.When he came to the Cai River, he saw that the monster said that the dragon was not like a dragon, and the horse was not like a horse. He walked up and down on the water as if walking flat.When Fuxi approached the water, the monster unexpectedly came to Fuxi and stood there without moving.Fuxi looked carefully and saw that the monster's back was covered with patterns: one to six, two to seven, three to eight, four to nine, and fifty to the middle.FuxipullA yarrow stalk shines on the back of a dragon horse on a big leafdecorative patternDraw it down.As soon as he finished painting, the dragon horse jumped into the air with a loud cry and disappeared in a twinkling of an eye.Everyone surrounded Fuxi and asked, "What kind of monster is this?" Fuxi said, "It's like a dragon and a horseold but strong"
Fuxi took the leaf and pondered over the patterns on it. He could not solve the mystery.That day, he sat by the White Turtle Pond and thought. Suddenly, he heard the sound of the water. When he looked closely, the White Turtle swam from the bottom to him, looked at him with two bright eyes, and then nodded three times to him. His head shrank in his stomach, and he lay still beside the water.He watched the turtle attentively.Gradually, he found five patterns in the middle, eight around, twelve in the outer circle, and twenty-four in the outermost circle on the turtle's cover. Suddenly, he was enlightened and realized that the only law of change in the world was yin and yang.Fu Xi drew eight different patterns, namelyEight Diagrams。[14]
Fuxi Temple, forNational AAAA Tourist Attraction，National key cultural relics protection units。be locatedTianshui CityFuxi Road, Xiguan, Qinzhou District, was built in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, and was rebuilt nine times later to form an ancient architectural complex.Since 1988, the "Tianshui Fuxi Cultural Festival" has been held in Tianshui Fuxi Temple every Dragon's birthday (May 13 of the lunar calendar), with sacrificial rites, pilgrimage ceremonies and ancestor worship activities.In August 1992, Jiang Zemin, then General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and President of the People's Republic of China, personally wrote the four characters "Hometown of Emperor Xi".[19]
Tianshui has a tradition of offering sacrifices to Fuxi since ancient times.According to records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin people offered sacrifices to Fuxi in the "Three Prisons" ceremony on the bank of the Weishui River. Since then, sacrifices have been practiced in all dynasties.In the Ming Dynasty, Tianshui offered sacrifices to Fuxi in a customized way. Every year, there were two sacrifices in spring and autumn. The procedure was rigorous. The ritual was formulated by the Ministry of Rites, and the ritual was made for fun. Tianshui became the center of offering sacrifices to Fuxi in the country.After the Qing Dynasty, Fuxi sacrificial ceremony gradually evolved into a profound folk culture with a broad mass base.[19]
Taihao MausoleumLocated in Zhoukou City, Henan ProvinceHuaiyang District, forNational key cultural relics protection units、National 5A Tourist Attraction。[28]Taihao Mausoleum covers an area of 875 mu, with a grand scale. It was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and was added in the Tang Dynasty.[15]It is called the "No.1 Mausoleum in the World".[16]Emperors of past dynasties have personally come here for 51 times to offer sacrifices.On June 26, 1997, the then Vice Premier of the State CouncilZhu RongjiHe wrote four big characters, "The Former Capital of Emperor Xi".[17]
Huaiyang CountyTaihao Mausoleum Temple FairIt has a history of thousands of years and is listed as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage by the state.Every year, temple fairs are held from February 2 to March 3 in the lunar calendar, and there is also a custom of offering sacrifices to Fuxi on the 15th day of February in the lunar calendar.[16]
Fuxi Cliff Stone Carving Statue
Fuxi Cliff Stone Carving Statue
Fuxi Cliff Stone Carving Statue, located in HubeiXiangyang Fuxi Cliff Stone Carving, the largest mountain head statue in China with a height of about 70.5 meters and a length of about 230 meters, was officially launched in Xianshan, Xiangyang."The eyes are 9 meters long and 2 meters high, the nose is 18 meters long and 9 meters wide, and one nostril can accommodate more than ten people. The statue is made by a famous sculptor in ChinaNie ChengxingResponsible for design.[18]
