mitral valve

Medical terminology

two Cuspid valve （ mitral Valve) is the left atrioventricular valve. Attached to left fiber Atrium On the ring, tied by Endocardium The formation of wrinkles. There are two valves. The one located at the front medial side is the anterior cusp valve, which is larger and often called the large valve Left ventricle Boundary mark of inflow and outflow channels; The posterolateral valve is the posterior cusp valve, which is smaller and often called the small valve. Valvular presentation triangle , pointing to the left chamber. The bottom edges of the two valves often fuse with each other, and sometimes small side valves appear between the two valves. There are many valve tips, edges and ventricular surfaces Chordae tendineae Connected to Papillary muscle 。 Ventricular systole The mitral valve closes the atrioventricular orifice tightly to prevent blood from flowing back left atrium 。^[1]

Chinese name: mitral valve
Foreign name: mitral valve
bicuspid

Alias: Sangha flap
Role: Blocked Left ventricle Of blood Flowback left atrium
Location: Attached to left atrioventricular orifice Periphery
Lesions: mitral stenosis

catalog

▪ Calcification of mitral annulus
▪ Cardiac myxoma

brief introduction

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The left atrium of the heart forms the majority of the heart bottom, with four entrances and one exit. On both sides of the posterior wall of the left atrium, there is a pair pulmonary vein Mouth is the entrance of left and right pulmonary veins; There is a left atrioventricular orifice at the front and bottom of the left atrium, leading to the left ventricle. The front part of the left atrium protrudes to the right, called the left atrial appendage. There are two inlets and outlets in the left ventricle. The entrance is the left atrioventricular orifice, with left Atrioventricular valve (Mitral valve), called anterior valve Posterior valve They also have tendinous cords connected to the anterior and posterior papillary muscles. The outlet is Active pulse orifice , located at the upper right front of the left atrioventricular orifice, with a crescent shaped Aortic valve 。

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Is attached to Left atrioventricular orifice The two peripheral valves are connected to the papillary muscle by the tendinous cord, which can prevent the blood of the left ventricle from flowing back to the left atrium.

stay Left ventricle There are two entrances and exits. The entrance is the left atrioventricular orifice, with left Atrioventricular valve (Mitral valve),

The anterior and posterior flaps are called according to their positions, and they also have tendon cords connected to the anterior and posterior papillary muscles respectively. The outlet is the active pulse orifice, located at the upper right front of the left atrioventricular orifice, with a half moon shaped Aortic valve 。

effect

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The mitral valve acts as a "one-way valve" to ensure blood circulation It flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle and passes through a certain flow. When the left ventricle contracts, the heart compresses the blood in the chamber and the blood impacts the valve. The mitral valve is closed and blood does not flow into the left ventricle. There are aorta The blood from the left ventricle flows into the aorta. The left ventricle undertakes the function of whole body blood transportation, so Muscularis relatively right ventricle The muscular layer of Active pulse orifice There are also three Semilunar valve , called Aortic valve 。 It plays a role in preventing the blood in the aorta from flowing back into the left ventricle.

pathological changes

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mitral stenosis

mitral stenosis (mitral sterosis) Yes Rheumatic fever Of sequela 。 Very few are congenital stenosis or senile mitral annulus or subannulus calcification. Two thirds of patients with mitral stenosis are women. About 40% Rheumatic heart disease The patient with rheumatic heart disease was simple mitral stenosis; Every face is A dull complexion , purple red cheeks, lips light Cyanosis 。 More common in Rheumatic valvular disease Patients with mitral stenosis.

It refers to a kind of rheumatic heart disease, called mitral stenosis , belonging to a kind of Autoimmune disease 。 patient Facial features Purple red cheeks and lips, like after exercise, are an important part of doctors' visual diagnosis.

Mitral insufficiency

Rheumatic heart disease Mitral insufficiency Because of repetition rheumatism The left mitral valve damage after sexual inflammation makes the valve stiff, deformed, valve edge curled, valve orifice junction fused and shortened, and at the same time Chordae tendineae 、 Papillary muscle The shortening, fusion or rupture of Hemodynamics A series of changes.

Caused by myocardial infarction

Rheumatic mitral insufficiency

myocardial infarction The pathological changes involving the papillary muscles can produce varying degrees of Mitral insufficiency 。 Coronary atherosclerosis Hardenability Heart patient menstruation Cardiac catheterization About 3% had mitral insufficiency. coronary heart disease Mitral insufficiency caused by acute or chronic papillary muscles ischemia Caused by. In case of myocardial infarction, papillary muscles may be caused by acute ischemic necrosis It was completely broken within a few hours. Although there are no abnormal lesions in the chordae tendineae and leaflets, the corresponding mitral valve leaflets lose their opening and closing functions, and become serious early after infarction Mitral insufficiency 。 stay acute myocardial infarction About 0.4-5% of the cases died of sudden severe mitral insufficiency due to the rupture of papillary muscles. Some patients myocardial infarction Although it causes ischemia and necrosis of papillary muscles, it is not completely broken immediately, or it is necrotic due to long-term ischemia Myocardial tissue Gradually be fibrous tissue Instead, the papillary muscles became thinner, elongated, and the systolic function was weakened or lost. Mitral insufficiency appeared more than 2 months after myocardial embolism.

Mitral valve prolapse syndrome

Mitral valve prolapse Syndrome Barlow syndrome , means that the mitral valve is Left ventricle Left atrial prolapse during contraction, with or without mitral regurgitation, may present a series of symptoms and signs clinically.

Papillary muscle insufficiency

Papillary muscle insufficiency finger Atrioventricular valve The papillary muscle attached to the tendon causes contraction due to ischemia, necrosis, fibrosis or other reasons dysfunction , resulting in Mitral insufficiency , generated Mitral regurgitation 。

Calcification of mitral annulus

It belongs to a kind of aging Degenerative change , in mitral valve Fibrous muscle Calcareous deposit in the ring can lead to Mitral insufficiency appear Reflow 。

Cardiac myxoma

heart Myxoma It is the most common primary cardiac disease in clinic tumour , mostly benign, rarely malignant. Myxoma can occur in all heart Endocardium Face, 95% in atrium, about 75% in atrium left atrium , 20% at right atrium , Left right ventricle 2.5% each. Left atrial mucinous tumors often occur in Oval fossa Nearby, clinically common cause Tumor body Obstruction of the mitral valve orifice leads to stenosis or insufficiency of the mitral valve orifice. Myxoma may occur at any age, but it is most common in middle-aged women.

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