Unsaturated hydrocarbon, which is composed ofCarbon carbon double bondorTriple bondOfHydrocarbonschemical compound。The unsaturated hydrocarbon with double bond is called "olefin", which ishydrogen atom"Sparse" means less;yesTriple bondIt means that the hydrogen atom is deficient.In additionAromatic hydrocarbon, such as "benzene".The double bond and triple bond of unsaturated hydrocarbon are not very firm, which are relatively easy to break, and are prone to electrophilic substitution reaction and electrophilic reactionAddition reaction。[1]With carbon carbon double bondolefin, which includesMonoolefin、DieneandPolyolefin；containCarbon carbon triple bondYesAlkyne。Unsaturated hydrocarbon can also be divided into unsaturated chain hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon according to different carbon frame structurescyclic hydrocarbon。This chapterMonoolefins, alkynes and dienes are mainly discussed.[1]
Chinese name
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Foreign name
unsaturated hydrocarbon
Definition
Hydrocarbon compounds with carbon carbon double bond or triple bond in the molecule
If onlySingle bond, is calledSaturated hydrocarbon, like the following formula, it belongs to saturated chain hydrocarbon in saturated hydrocarbon, and saturated chain hydrocarbon is calledalkaneAlkane means "complete". There are only single bonds and chains in the molecule.
H H
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
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H—C—C—H
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H H
If the bonds are not filled with hydrogen atoms, the remaining bonds will becarbon atomForm double bond orTriple bondIs unsaturated hydrocarbon, as follows:
H H
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C=C H—C≡C—H
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H H
Those with double bonds are called "alkenes", which means that hydrogen atoms are "rare";The triple bond is "acetylene", which means that the hydrogen atom is "deficient".
During the film forming and curing process of the coatingformaldehyde, benzene and other volatile components will be released from the paint, causing pollution.International Health OrganizationBenzene has been rated as strongCarcinogen, long-term inhalation will damage human bodycirculatory systemAnd hematopoietic function, leading toleukemia。In addition, women are particularly sensitive to benzene inhalation,PregnancyLong term inhalation of benzene in women can causeFetal developmentDeformities and miscarriages.Experts call it "aromatic killer".
stability
Announce
edit
Because the double bond is composed of aσ bondAnd api bondAndTriple bondIt is composed of one σ bond and two π bonds.The electron group of π bond is exposed to the periphery of the bond, which is easy to attractElectrophilic body, carry out electrophilic substitution reaction and electrophilicAddition reaction。Therefore, in general, the double bond and triple bond of unsaturated hydrocarbon are not very firm and are relatively easy to break.
