The Book of Mountains and Seas contains many contents about ancient geography, history, mythology, astronomy, animals, plants, medicine, religion, anthropology, ethnology, oceanography, science and technology history, and is an encyclopedia of ancient social life[14-15]。
The Classic of Mountains and Seas shows the ancient culture, records the living conditions and people's ideological activities in the great famine period, outlines the civilization and cultural state in the ancient times, and provides many useful information for future generations[16]。
It is recorded in the Book of Mountains and Seas thatSima QianHistorical Records: Biography of Dawan.
It was clearly pointed out for the first time in ancient books that the author of Shanhaijing was in the Western Han Dynastyreigned as Guangwu DiLiu Xiu believes that the Book of Mountains and Seas is the Dayu and Boyi of flood control in ancient times.
In the Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Annals: "Yu patrolled the four evils, conspired with Yi and Kui, traveled to famous mountains and rivers, and invited their gods to ask them: mountains, rivers, gold, jade, all birds, animals, insects, and so on, as well as nationalities from all over the world, in different countries and different lands. When Yi was sparse, he wrote it down, and ordered it to be called" The Book of Mountains and Seas "."
Later, during the Eastern Han DynastyWang Chong、Zhao YeThey also named the author of Shanhaijing as Boyi in their works, which was added, deleted and modified by later generations in the process of circulation.
Scholars of the Ming DynastyHu YinglinAccording to the Shaoshi Mountain House Brush Collection, "the curious people in the Warring States Period, based on the text and things in the Biography of Mu Tianzi, are extravagant and knowledgeable. The miscellaneous Fu used to collect graves and chronicle the strange news, the strange things in the Zhou Dynasty, the king's meeting, the daydream of Lisao and Tianwen, and the fable of the Zhenghua Garden in South China, to complete this book".
Qing DynastyBi YuanOn the basis of summarizing the research achievements of various schools in the previous dynasties, it is proposed that the Book of Mountains is a masterpiece of DayuBoyiIt was written by Qin people, and the Great Wilderness Sutra was produced when Liu Xiu revised it.
In the 20th century, some scholars proposed that the author of The Classic of Mountains and Seas was from the Warring States PeriodZou Yan；The theory originated fromrepublican revolutionaryIn "Zou Yan's Commentary on Modern Literature in the Western Han Dynasty", according to the inference of "the immortal family's words also take Qi as the prosperity" recorded in Mozi, he advocated that the "Yuben Ji" mentioned in the "Records of the Historian · Biographies of Dawan" and "The Book of Mountains and Rivers" was "doubtful but also Yanshu".
In addition, the author of The Classic of Mountains and Rivers and some scholars believe thatMozi's discipleNester[25]。
Generic theory
Nowadays, the focus of academic discussion is the dispute between the northern and southern people of the author.In the North, there are mainly Qin people's creation theory and Luoyang people's creation theory in the Central Plains.Gu JiegangIn the Notes to the Full Text of Yugong, it was said that "the native place of the author of Yugong is the same as that of the author of Shanjing, probably from the State of Qin".Zheng Dekun and Japanese scholar Takashi Ogawa believed that the "Book of Mountains" mostly described the mountains, rivers and minerals in the Central Plains, which led to the view that Luoyang people in the Central Plains created.
There are mainly Ba and Shu people and Chu people in the South.Lv Zifang and Meng Wentong are the representatives of Ba and Shu people.Lu ZifangBased on the fact that there are many stories about Ba and Shu in the "Great Wilderness" and "in the sea", this paper puts forward the theory of Ba and Shu people.The Mongolian language generally believes that the four pieces of the "Haineijing" are the works of ancient Shu, and the "Great Wilderness" works of Ba, the "Wuzang Mountain Sutra" and the "Overseas" four pieces are the works of Chu people after accepting the Bashu culture.The representative of Chu peopleYuan KeMr. Zhang believes that the mythical stories written in the book are closely related to Qu Yuan's works Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs, etc., and the language of Chu is often used in the writing. For example, the record of Duguang Zhiye in the Hainei Sutra shows that the word "playing zither" comes from Chu, and people in Chu call "sowing zither" as "playing zither". In addition, the sentence "serving it makes people never tire of" in the Three Western Classics,Hate is commonly known as nightmare, which is what Sichuan people say.In addition, there are many descriptions of Zhuanxu and the Yellow Emperor in the book. It is said that they were worshipped as ancestors by the Chu people.
According to its statistics, there are 17 records of Zhuan Xu's deeds in the book: 1 Overseas North Classic, 1 Great Wilderness East Classic, 2 Great Wilderness South Classic, 6 Great Wilderness West Classic, 5 Great Wilderness North Classic, and 2 Hainei Classic. There are 14 clear records of the deeds of the Yellow Emperor: 1 North Third Classic, 2 Overseas West Classic, 1 Overseas North Classic, 2 Great Wilderness East ClassicThere are three parts in the Great Wilderness West Sutra, two parts in the Great Wilderness North Sutra, and three parts in the Hainei Sutra. In the book, there are nine parts that are called emperors but actually refer to emperors: the West Third Sutra "is the capital under emperors", "it is actually the flat garden of emperors", "it is the east of Zhongshan where emperors are killed", the Middle Third Sutra "is actually the secret capital of emperors", the Overseas South Sutra "is the night of emperors", and the Overseas West Sutra ""Xing Tian and the Emperor contend for God", "The Western Classic of Hainei", "The Emperor is the mountain where shackles are scattered", "The Capital under the Emperor", "The Northern Classic of Hainei", "Guns steal the Emperor".
In addition to the Northern and Southern theories, some scholars put forward compromise opinions. They believe that the Book of Mountains and Seas has not only been processed by the Northern people, but also experienced the increase and decrease of the Southern people in the process of completion and circulation.
scholarXiao BingThe author said that the structure of the "Shanhaijing" is vague, its sections are loose, its sentence patterns are messy, and its rhyme is scattered. It lacks the clear and unified thought, mood, conception and language style like Qu Yuan's Fu. It also proposed that the "Shanhaijing" contains a large amount of information from the north and south, which can't be created only by people from the north or the south[25]。
Book process
1920s to 1970s
In the 1920s and 1970s, a group of scholars studied the completion of Shanhaijing and put forward many new ideas.The scholar Lu Kanru wrote an article that: the eight volumes of the domestic and foreign classics were written after Huainanzi in the Western Han Dynasty and before Liu Xin, and the five volumes of the Great Wilderness Domestic Classic were written after Liu Xin and before Guo Pu. The Five Tibetan Mountain Classic was an earlier work.
Mao DunIt is believed that the Five Tibetan Mountain Classics was written in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, overseas and inland at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the five Great Wilderness Classics were written before the unification of the Qin Dynasty.Later Wen Yiduo put forward the view that "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" was an ancient book of the Han Dynasty.Mongolian Wentong put forward in his article "On the Writing Times and Producing Regions of the Book of Mountains and Seas" that the writing times of the Five Classics in the Great Wilderness Sea were the earliest, about in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the Four Classics in the Sea were in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the Five Tibetan Mountain Classics and the Four Classics overseas were at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Yuan KeIn the article "Textual Research on the Time, Place and Contents of Writing", it was clearly pointed out that five parts of the book were first written in the Great Wilderness Sea, about in the early or middle years of the Warring States Period, the five Tibetan mountains were later written by the four classics overseas, and after the middle years of the Warring States Period, the four classics overseas were written in the early years of the Han Dynasty[25]。
Since 1980s
Since the 1980s, the discussion on the completion of Shanhaijing has become more active and the research methods have become more abundant.Gu Jiegang and Tan Qixiang reached the conclusion that Yu Gong was written earlier than Shan Hai Jing through the comparative study of Yu Gong and Shan Hai Jing, and the latter clearly put forward the conclusion that "the specific time when Shan Hai Jing was written should be after the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, when it was using troops against South Vietnam but not yet completely conquered".
Ren NaiqiangIn On the Time and Source of the Book of Mountains and Seas, through the evidence of Huainanzi and other documents, it is concluded that "at the same time, in the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was the Book of Mountains and Seas, but only the Book of Mountains and Seas at that time"It was combined with the Haijing into a book. Five pieces of the Great Wilderness Sutra may have been included by the Eight Classics at home and abroad when the three emperors of Xuan, Yuan and Cheng were in power. The time was about after Wang Mang came to power and before Liu Xin changed his name.
Zhao PushanThe medical knowledge in Shan Hai Jing was collected and collated, and through comprehensive comparison with the records of oracle inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty and the documents unearthed in the early Western Han Dynasty, it was inferred that the time when Shan Hai Jing was written was "at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, or even earlier, that is, the works in the late Spring and Autumn Period." At the same time, it was further concluded that "Shan Hai Jing"It was not necessarily written by the theorists at that time, but probably by some people who were full of fun in various natural phenomena at that time.
Some scholars argue that the structure of the chapters in this book is the order of the completion of the book.Among them, the view that the Book of Mountains and Seas was written in Yuxia was relatively prosperous. Xu Xianzhi thought in his Exploring the Source of the Book of Mountains and Seas that the Book of Mountains and Seas was initially created in Yuyi, improved in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and then went through the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and continued to gain.
Contemporary scholars generally believe that due to the integrity and diversity embodied in the Shanhaijing, it can be inferred that the Shanhaijing is spread from folk oral literature. People have passed it on from mouth to mouth since the primitive times, and it has been evolving and gaining from generation to generation in the process of spreading, and finally it can be seen in words.The book was written about before the Warring States Period, but it was still revised and revised by later generations[25]。
Nature orientation
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Nature of literature
There are different opinions on the nature of the book Shanhaijing.
From Han Shu to New Tang Shu, Shan Hai Jing has always been regarded as a geography book with practical value.Liu Xin of the Han Dynasty pointed out in his "Shang" Shan Hai Jing "Table that" The Shan Hai Jing includes mountains in five directions, seas in eight directions, treasures and strange things in mind, strange things born in different directions, water, soil, vegetation, animals, insects, Linfeng, Zhenxiang, and the land beyond the four seas, a kingdom of the Jedi, people of different kinds. Yu leaves Jiuzhou, and acts as a tribute to the land; and benefits and other kinds of things are good and evil, and wrote the "Shan Hai Jing";Afterlife《Sui Shu · Jingji Annals》And many history books also include it in the geography category.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Book of Mountains and Seas had the evaluation of "the ancestor of ancient and modern strange language" and "the oldest novel";Hu Yinglin, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, called it a book dedicated to gods and monsters in "Si Bu Zheng E", that is, "the ancestor of ancient language monsters".
Ji Yun of the Qing Dynasty called it the most ancient novel in the Summary of the General Catalogue of the Complete Works of Siku. He said: "The purpose of the novel is really not what Huang Lao said....... All the scholars think that the top of the geography book is also not allowed. If the name is verified, the novel is the most ancient."
In the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zhidong's《Bibliography Q&A》It is regarded as a historical work and included in the "ancient history category".Lu XunSir《A Brief History of Chinese Fiction》According to the Chinese saying, "The Book of Mountains and Seas" "records the foreign bodies of the gods at home and abroad and the suitable places for sacrificial rites... The objects for worshipping the gods in the book of mountains and rivers are mostly used. They are combined with witchcraft and cover the ancient witchcraft books." "There is no collection of Chinese myths and legends as a special book today. They are only scattered in ancient books, but there are many in the Book of Mountains and Seas". ".
From modern times to contemporary times, according to the research direction and theory of researchers, Shanhaijing has different natures, among which the most representative nature of the document is "encyclopedia of ancient times"[12-13]。
Historical positioning
From Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty
During this period, the contents of the "Book of Mountains and Seas" were believed to be true, and the mountains, rivers and even foreign objects recorded in it were credible.
From Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty
During this period, The Book of Mountains and Seas was gradually regarded as a fictional work. Due to the continuous improvement of human cognition and the influence of the prevalence of novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the credibility of The Book of Mountains and Seas was gradually reduced, and it was classified into the stream of novels.
Since the end of Qing Dynasty
During this period, The Classic of Mountains and Rivers had different positions according to the researchers' research directions and theories;With the introduction of western anthropology, folklore and other disciplines, many scholars regard the Book of Mountains and Rivers as a synthesis of various disciplines when studying it, and analyze and summarize various achievements by using theories of different disciplines[13]。
Document structure
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Structure content
The Book of Mountains and Seas has 18 volumes, about 31000 words. It is mainly composed of the Book of Mountains and the Book of Seas, and is divided into four parts, namely:
It mainly records the geography of mountains and rivers, ritual ceremonies for worshipping gods, and the objects used. It also describes the appearance and power of various mountain gods.
The text of The Classic of Mountains and Rivers presents a network of flat layout, which can be divided into three levels according to the structural nature:
Primary structure
The primary structure is divided into two parts: Mountain Classic and Sea Classic.The main contents of the "Mountain Classic" are mountain geography, minerals, strange birds and animals, strange snakes and fish, strange flowers and trees, etc;The Book of the Sea mainly narrates countries and nations with strange natures and shapes at home and abroad, as well as magical things and mythological history[3]。
Secondary structure
The secondary structure is the lower level of the Mountain Classic and the Sea Classic, and its structural arrangement law is as follows:
Belonging to
Structural arrangements
Mountain classics
Nanshan -- Xishan -- Beishan -- Dongshan -- Zhongshan -- the fifth in the middle -- the ninth in the middle
South 2nd - West 2nd - North 2nd - East 2nd - Middle 2nd - Middle 6th - Middle 10th
South 3rd - West 3rd - North 3rd - East 3rd - Middle 3rd - Middle 7th - Middle 11th
West 4th - East 4th - Middle 4th - Middle 8th - Middle 12th
Haijing
Overseas South - Overseas West - Overseas North - Overseas East
Hainei South Hainei West Hainei North Hainei East Hainei
Great Wilderness East - Great Wilderness South - Great Wilderness West - Great Wilderness North
reference material:[3]
Tertiary structure
The three-level structure is to describe each meridian with internal clues:
Belonging to
Narrative mode
Mountain classics
Taking Shanxi as the core, it unfolds outward at one time, forming a narrative level in a radial manner.First, determine the south, west, north, east and middle mountains, and then take the head of each mountain as the narrative origin, and then set the origin from the origin to the other. The four sides are ringed outward, and there are summaries in the middle and at the end, thus forming a hierarchical narrative network.
Haijing
Overseas Economics
Overseas Nanjing
In the form of narration, the connectives are removed. At the same time, in the structural framework, it is divided into three parts: "overseas", "domestic", and "great wilderness". Then, according to the direction of south, west, north, and east, the narration of the country and the characteristics of gods, people, products, and customs is made.
From the southwest corner to the southeast corner, the narrative adopts the central radiation mode, that is, first take the Mimeng bird as the center, and then radiate to the southwest southeast, east, southeast, east, south and south.Except for temporarily changing the center to fire weariness, the rest take Chishui as the center and radiate eastward continuously.
Overseas Western Classic
From the southwest corner to the northwest corner, starting from Jiexiong, except for one turning to the east, the other 17 points extend to the north.
Overseas Northern Meridian
Starting from Changgu State, it extends eastward from northeast to northwest.
Overseas East longitude
Starting from<镸镸镸镸镸镸镸>hills, it extends northward, from southeast to northeast corner.
Inland meridian
Hainei Nanjing
Taking Fujian as the starting point, it is located to the west of the southeast corner of the domestic area, and mostly extends to the west and northwest.
Haineixi Meridian
Starting from Shuxi Mountain where Er Dai was detained, take the north of the southwest corner of Hainei area.
Hainei North Meridian
Take Shewu Mountain as the starting point, and take the east of the northwest corner of Hainei.
Hainei East Meridian
Take quicksand as the starting point, and take the area south of the northeast corner.
Great Famine Classic
Overseas in the East China Sea, outside the South China Sea, outside the Northwest China Sea, outside the Northeast China Sea, and finally within the East China Sea.
reference material:[11][24]
Content record
mountains and hills
Belonging to
Record mountain system
Nanshan Sutra
A Sutra in Nanshan
Splendid Mountain
Tangting Mountain
Yuyi Mountain
Jueyang Mountain
Benshan
Danyuan Mountain
Jishan
Qingqiu Mountain
Jiwei Mountain
/
Southern Second Meridian
.
Cabinet mountain
Changyou Mountain
Yaoguang Mountain
Hayama
Qu Fushan
Juyu Mountain
Fuyu Mountain
Chengshan
Kuaiji Mountain
Yishan
Pugou Mountain
Xianyin Mountain
Xunshan
Yushao Mountain
District Wushan
Luwu Mountain
Qiwu Mountain
/
Southern third meridian
Tianyu Mountain
Pray over the mountain
Danxue Mountain
Fashuang Mountain
Tail of Yak Mountain
Nurture and bequeath
Non mountain head
Yangjiashan
Guanxiang Mountain
Jishan
Lingqiu Mountain
Midvalley
Lunzhe Mountain
Yudang Mountain
Nanyu Mountain
/
Xishan Sutra
Once in the West Mountain
Qian Laishan
Pine Fruit Mountain
Taihua Mountain
Xiaohua Mountain
Fuyu Mountain
Stone crispy mountain
Yingshan
Zhushan
Fushan
Yuci Mountain
Shishan
Nanshan
Dashishan
Yuzhong Mountain
Tiandi Mountain
Gaotu Mountain
Mount Huangshan
Cuishan
騩 Mountain
/
Western Second Meridian
Qianshan
Taimao Mountain
Shuli Mountain
mountain
Women's bed mountain
Longshou Mountain
Lutai Mountain
Bird perilous mountain
Xiaoci Mountain
Daci Mountain
Mount Xunwu
Yuyang Mountain
Beast Mountain
Huangren Mountain
Zhonghuang Mountain
Mount Xihuang
Laishan
/
Western third meridian
Chongwu Mountain
Changsha Mountain
Buzhou Mountain
峚 Mountain
Zhongshan
Taiqi Mountain
Huaijiang Mountain
Kunlun Mountain
Amusement Mountain
Ying Mu Mountain
Jade Mountain
Xuanyuan Hill
Jishishan
Changliu Mountain
Zhange Mountain
Yin Mountain
Wuti Mountain
Three dangerous mountains
騩 Mountain
Tianshan Mountain
泑 Mountain
Yiwang Mountain
/
Western fourth meridian
Yin Mountain
Rozan
Bafu Mountain
Zhongshan
Bird Mountain
Shangshen Mountain
Zhuci Mountain
Haoshan
Yushan
Bai Yushan
Shenshou Mountain
Jinggu Mountain
Gangshan
Gangshan Weishan
Yingdang Mountain
Zhongqu Mountain
Guishan
Birds and mice share the same acupoint mountain
Yanzi Mountain
/
Beishan Sutra
Once in Beishan
Shan Hu Mountain
Asking is like a mountain
Belt mountain
Qiao Mingshan
Zhuoguang Mountain
Guo Mountain
Guoshan Weishan
Danxun Mountain
Shizhe Mountain
Bian Chunshan
Manlian Mountain
Shan Zhangshan
Guanti Mountain
Pan Houshan
Xiaoxian Mountain
Daxian Mountain
Dunhong Mountain
Shaoxian Mountain
Jaffa Mountain
Beiyue Mountain
Hunxi Mountain
Beidan Mountain
Botai Mountain
Beixianshan
Causeway mountain
/
Northern Second Meridian
Guancenshan Mountain
Shaoyang Mountain
Yongshan County
Fox Qishan
Baisha Mountain
Ershi Mountain
Crazy Mountain
Zhuyu Mountain
Duntou Mountain
Gouwu Mountain
Beixiao Mountain
Liang Qushan
Guguan Mountain
Lake irrigated mountain
Huan Mountain
Dunti Mountain
Northern Third Meridian
Return to the mountain
Longhou Mountain
Ma Chengshan
Xianshan
Tianchi Mountain
Yangshan
Ben Wen Shan
Wangwushan
Jiaoshan
Mengmen Mountain
Pingshan
Jingshan
Chongwei Mountain
Pengpi Mountain
Xiaohou Mountain
Taitou Mountain
Xuanyuan Mountain
Visiting Li Mountain
Ju Ru Mountain
Shenmu Mountain
Send Hatoyama
Shaoshan
Xishan
Jingshan
Title Shoushan
Xiushan
Songshan
Dun and Shan
Zheshan
Weilong Mountain
White Horse Mountain
Kongsang Mountain
Taixi Mountain
Shishan
Tongrong Mountain
Gao Shishan
Lushan
Yishan
Yanshan
Rao Shan
Qianshan
Lunshan
Jieshi Mountain
Yanmen Mountain
Didu Mountain
Drums on Wufeng Mountain
/
Dongshan Sutra
Dongshan Pass
Zhu {Insects] Mountain
藟 Mountain
Cotoneaster
Bolei Mountain
Pantiao Mountain
Gu'er Mountain
Gaoshi Mountain
Yueshan
Mountain climbing
Dushan
Mount Tai
Zhushan
Eastern secondary meridian
Kongsang Mountain
Cao Xishan
Yigao Mountain
Geshanwei Mountain
Geshan Capital
Yu'e Mountain
Du Fu's Mountain
Geng Shan
Luqi Mountain
Gushe Mountain
Beigusheshan
Nangu Sheshan
Bishan
Goushi Mountain
Gufeng Mountain
Fulishan
䃌 Mountain
/
Eastern third meridian
Shihu Mountain
Qishan
The mountain of hooks
Middle Father's Mountain
Hu Shooting Mountain
Mountain of Mencius
Heel Mountain
Touyu Mountain
Wugao Mountain
/
Eastern fourth meridian
Beihao Mountain
Yak mountain
Dongshi Mountain
Nudang Mountain
Kinzan
Zitong Mountain
Yanshan
Taishan
Zhongshan Classic
Zhongshan Yijing
Ganzao Mountain
Li'er Mountain
Quzhushan
Congdeaf Mountain
Merge mountains
Tuohu Mountain
Jinxing Mountain
Yugu Mountain
Taiwei Mountain
Wulinshan
Niushou Mountain
Huo Shan
Hegu Mountain
Yin Mountain
Gudeng Mountain
/
Secondary secondary meridian
Some mountains
Fashishan
Haoshan
Fresh mountain
Yangshan
Kunwu Mountain
葌 Mountain
Dusu Mountain
Manqu Mountain
/
Middle third meridian
Ao'an Mountain
Qingyao Mountain
騩 Mountain
Yisu Mountain
Heshan
/
Middle fourth meridian
Deer Feet Mountain
Fuzhu Mountain
Lishan
Jiwei Mountain
Handle mountain
Baibian Mountain
xiong'er mountain
Mushan Mountain
Huanju Mountain
/
Middle Five Meridians
Gou bedshan
Shoushan
County approval
Congdeaf Mountain
Tiaogu Mountain
Supershan
Chenghou Mountain
Chaoge Mountain
Huaishan Mountain
Lishan
Corpse mountain
Liangyu Mountain
Buwei Mountain
Shengshan
Yangxu Mountain
/
Middle Six Meridians
Flat seamed mountain
Audio
Wei Shan
Zhanzhu Mountain
Lou Zhuoshan
baishi mountain
Heshan
Dense mountain
Changshi Mountain
Fu Shan
Ligularia virgaurea
Changshan
Kuafu Mountain
Yanghua Mountain
/
Secondary seventh meridian
Xiu and Shan
Guzhongshan
Kushan
Blocking mountains
Fanggao Mountain
Dafei Mountain
Banshishan
Shaoshi Mountain
Taishi Mountain
Tell the mountain
Yingliang Mountain
Mountain of Floating Play
Shaoxing Mountain
Taishan
Mount Rushan
Servile mountain
Min Shan
Dadang Mountain
/
Middle Eighth Meridians
Jingshan
Jingshan
Proud mountain
Nvjishan
Yizhu Mountain
Lunshan
Lu Guishan
Guangshan
Qishan
copper-rich mountain
Meishan
Dayao Mountain
Lingshan Mountain
Longshan
Hengshan Mountain
Shishan
Ruoshan
彘 Mountain
Jade Mountain
Irrigation mountain
Renju Mountain
Shimei Mountain
Qingu Mountain
/
Middle Nine Meridians
Nvjishan
Minshan
Laishan
Raise the mountain
Gaoliangshan
Snake Mountain
Li Mountain
Yuyang Mountain
Qishan
Gouhua Mountain
Storm Mountain
Jade Mountain
Bear Mountain
騩 Mountain
Ge Shan
Jia Chaoshan
Middle and inferior ten meridians
Shouyang Mountain
Tiger Tail Mountain
Fanhui Mountain
Yongshi Mountain
Fuzhou Mountain
Chu Mountain
Youyuan Mountain
Zhuoshan
Bingshan
/
Secondary eleventh meridian
Yiwang Mountain
Chaoge Mountain
Dikushan
Shishan
Forehill
Fengshan
Rabbit bed mountain
Pishan
Yaobi Mountain
Zhili Mountain
Hard disk<⺮Zhou>Shan
Mount Jinli
Yigu Mountain
Namely Valley Mountain
Jishan
Gaoqian Mountain
Game Mountain
From the mountain
Yingdang Mountain
Bishan
Le Ma Shan
葴 Mountain
Infantile Hill
Tiger Head Mountain
Yinghou Mountain
Dashu Mountain
Beishan
Yidi Mountain
Salamander Hill
Yashan
Xuanshan
Hengshan Mountain
Fengshan
Women
Fresh mountain
Zhangshan
Dazhi Mountain
District Wushan
Shengxiong Mountain
Dadang Mountain
Hejiu Mountain
Lishi Mountain
Qiushan
Ugly Yang Mountain
okuyama
Fushan
Yaoshan
A few mountains
Middle Twelve Meridians
Chapter Yushan
Yunshan
Guishan
Bingshan
Fengbo Mountain
Mount Fufu
Dongting Mountain
Violent mountain
Namely Gongshan
Yaoshan
Jiangfushan
Zhenling Mountain
Yangdi Mountain
Chaisang Mountain
Rongyu Mountain
/
Overseas Nanjing
Nanshan
Kunlun vacuity
Dishan (Tangshan)
Overseas Western Classic
Dayun Mountain
Climbing Mount Bao
A poor mountain
Overseas Northern Meridian
Zhongshan
Kunlun Mountain
Yusuo Jishishan
Wuyu Mountain
Pincio
/
Overseas East longitude
Chaoyang Valley
Tanggu
/
Hainei Nanjing
Santianzi Zhangshan
Cangwu Mountain
Danehill
mountain
Haineixi Meridian
Sparse mountain
Yanmen Mountain
Heishui Mountain
Kunlun Mountain
Yuji Stone Mountain
'/
Hainei North Meridian
Shewu Mountain (Guishan)
Kunlun vacuity
Yangwu Mountain
Lingmen Mountain
Changbai Mountain
/
Hainei East Meridian
Kunlun vacuity
Quicksand
Baiyu Mountain
Cangwu Mountain
Duzhou
Langxie Platform
Manshan
mountain
Santianzidu Mountain
Yu Shan
Yuyu Mountain
Kongtong mountain
Shaoshi Mountain
Tianxi Mountain
North Mountain of the Great Wall
Birds and mice share the same acupoint mountain
Shushan
Niedu Mountain
Jingxing Mountain
Gongshan
Eastern Meridian of Great Wilderness
Ganshan
Pimu mound
Dayan Mountain
Bogu Mountain
Side hill
Hexu Mountain
Dongkou Mountain
Da A Shan
Star Mountain
Ju Ling Yu Tianshan
Dongji Mountain
Litanshan Mountain
Splendid Mountain
Music
Wenyuan Valley (Tanggu)
Yitian Sumen Mountain
Qishan
Rocking the mountain
Yongshan
Portal Mountain
To wait for the mountain
Heming Junji Mountain
Liubo Mountain
/
Great Wilderness Southern Classic
Ashan
Pan Tianshan Mountain
Rongshan
Wushan
Buting Mountain
Chengshan
Bujiang Mountain
Jia Shan
Yanshan
Climb Mount Bei
恝恝恝 Mountain
Weishan
Weishan
Cuishan
Go to Yishan
Chongyin Mountain
Rongtian Mountain
Yu Mountain
Song Shan
Yutu Mountain
Yunyu Mountain
Tiao Mountain
Zongshan
Surname Shan
Ravine mountain
Chenzhou Mountain
Dongzhou Mountain
Baishuishan
Yueshan
Shenshan
Gaiyou Mountain
Nanleishan
Great Wilderness West Meridian
Buzhou Mountain
Wet mountain
Mushan
Daze Changshan
Fangshan
Mount Mang
Guishan
榣 Mountain
Fengju Yumen Mountain
(West) Mount of Queen Mother
Ravine mountain
Seamount
Longshan
Taoshan
Tabanus Mountain
Guishan
Yu Tushan
Yanzhou Mountain
Jiangshan
Sun Moon Mountain
Xuandan Mountain
Grasping the huge mountain
Wushan
Ravine mountain
Jinmen Mountain
Kunlun Hill
Yantou Mountain
Changyang Mountain
Zhoushan
Zhangshan
Wushan
Dashuanshan
Pianguashan
Changyang Mountain
/
Northern Meridian of Great Wilderness
Mount Fuyu
Weiqiu
Brackish mountain
Gun attacked Chengzhou Mountain
Hengtian Mountain
Ancestor Mountain
Yusuo Jishishan
Yangshan
Shunshan
Arctic Heavenly Cabinet Mountain
Chengdu Zaitian Mountain
Kunlun Mountain
Yueshan
Buguashan
Department Kunshan
Zhongshan
Rongfu Mountain
Qizhou Mountain
Junshan
鬵 Mountain
Xianye Mountain
Fish Hill
Zhangshan
Hengshi Mountain
Jiuyin Mountain
Yuye Mountain
Zhangwei Mountain
/
Inland meridian
Huaishan
Fujisan
Huashan Mountain
lush mountain
Zhaoshan
Lingshan Mountain
Tangqiu
Shudeqiu
Meng Yingqiu
Kunwuqiu
Black-and-white mound
Chiwang Hill
Shenwei Hill
Wufuqiu
Shenmin Hill
Suishan
Hengshan Mountain
Mushroom mountain
Guishan
Santianzidu Mountain
Cangwu Hill
Jiuyi Mountain
Snake Mountain
Not far from the mountain
Youdu Mountain
/
reference material:[3][22]
Water marsh
Belonging to
Record the water
Nanshan Sutra
A Sutra in Nanshan
West Sea
Beautiful water
Strange water
Constitutional wing water
British water
Pterygoid
Pangshui
Yushui
Southern Second Meridian.
British water
Chishui
Area (Taihu Lake)
Sweet potato water
Water
Water
Column coating
Normal water
Xunshui
Argyle
Torrential water
Deer water
Zegengshui
The East China Sea
/
Southern third meridian
Waste water
South China Sea (Bohai Sea)
Blackwater
Assist with water
Xishan Sutra
Once in the West Mountain
Water
Weishui River
Fu Yushui
irrigation
Yushui
Attract water
Bamboo water
Luoshui
Lacquer water
Chase water
Danshui
Censer water
clean water
Hanshui
Mian water
Blatant water
soup
Rose water
All kinds of capital and water
Water coating
Catch water
Look forward to water
West Sea (by Qinghai Lake)
Forlorn water
Western Second Meridian
Luoshui
Yellow River
Chushui
Weishui River
Jingshui
Weishui River
Sweet potato water
Bird endangers water
Huangshui
Chishui
/
Western third meridian
Yellow River
Youze
䗡 Yuan
Water
Water
Yize
Danshui
Jize
Water observation
West Sea
The East China Sea
Qiushizhui
Ozawa
The Jade Pool
Wuda
Chishui
Semaphore
Ocean water
Ugly besmear
Blackwater
Peach water
Xunshui
Turbid bath water
Fan Ze
British water
/
Western fourth meridian
Dank water
Weak water
Luohe River
Ershui
Regional water
Yellow River
Water humiliation
soup
Secondary water
End water
Raw water
Luoshui
Weihe River
Water inclusion
charges for difference in currency rates
Jingshui
Weishui River
Rigid water
White water
Lingyangze
Water masking
Ocean water
Overflow
Hanshui
Sweet potato water
/
Beishan Sutra
Once in Beishan
Water immersion
water
Surfing
All<halogen ratio>water
Pengshui
Pyrene lake water
Qiao Mingshui
Yellow River
Blatant water
Yishui
Fish water
Fumigation water
Begonia water
Water
Periploid water
Quercus water
Craftsmanship Hanshui
Yize
Marginal water
Dunhong Water
Dunshui
Yanmen Water
Moist water
Dunshui
Zhuhuai Water
Fresh water
Tuwu Shui
Levee water
Taize
/
Northern Second Meridian
Fenshui
Yellow River
Acid water
Jinshui
Shengshui
Tuna water
swim
Residual water
Yak water
Inkblot
Censer water
Qiongze
Lake irrigation
the bohai sea
the north sea
/
Northern Third Meridian
Break the water
Yellow River
Stripe water
nagasawa
Mian water
Water retention
Water
Taize
Teach water
Salt peddler
Shaoze
Flat water
premium
Danshui
Thin water
Huangze
Flea forest water
Fat water
Bed water
Ming Zhangshui
Common water
Tuotuo
Danlin water
Infantile water
Semaphore
Water
Yellow water
Huan River
Fuming water
European water
Zhangshui
Qingzhangshui
Turbid Zhangshui
Taurine
Scenic water
Haize
Weishui
Yang water
Water
Thai Lushui
Water
Pengshui
Locust water
Yize
Ephemeris water
Fat water
wetland
Open molten iron
Trojan water
Empty mulberry water
Loushui
Water
Fresh water
Gao Tu Shui
Lou liquid water
spurt water
Water
𨜰 water
Generic water
Swallow water
Go through the water
Lun Shui
Rope water
Bathing water
Dongshan Sutra
East Meridian One Meridian
Fresh water
lake water
Water
Water reduction
Gu'er water
Zhushenshui
Luoshui
old name for part of the Yellow River in Hebei and Shandong
Topcoat water
Mian water
Circumfluence
Wenshui
Water inrush
Marry sandalwood water
/
Eastern secondary meridian
Fresh water
Minze
Yigaoshui
Stimulating water for women
Lishui
lasting benefit
Miscellaneous residual water
Yellow water
Sand water
Censer water
raw water
䃌 water
Eastern third meridian
Biyang
Deep marsh
Youhai
/
Eastern fourth meridian
Cang body water
Water development
Water
Gypsum water
Tripod water
Shishui
wetland
Zitong water
Yu Ruze
Hooking water
Waterlogging
/
Zhongshan Classic
Zhongshan Yijing
Common water
Ganzao water
Yellow River
Canalized pig water
Labor water
Side water
/
Secondary secondary meridian
Namely fish water
Yishui
Fresh water
Yang water
Water
Luoshui
/
Middle third meridian
Water padding
Positive backwater
Yellow River
/
Middle fourth meridian
Sweet water
Luoshui
Guo Shui
Water
Yishui
To carve water
Fuhaoshui
Mysterious water
Middle Five Meridians
Corpse water
Residual water
Yellow River
Milk water
Luoshui
Longyushui
Yellow acid water
Mysterious water
Middle Six Meridians
Give a cup of water
Luoshui
Water
Look at the water
boezem
Huishui
mountain stream
Valley water
Refreshing water
A great deal of water
Common water
Antipollution
Ligularia water
Yellow River
Water immersion
Water of evil
lake water
Yang Shui
Xianggushui
Doorwater
Secondary seventh meridian
Clear water
Yishui
Crazy water
Water supply and demand
Rest water
Semaphore
Yellow River
It is difficult to water
Taishui
Servitude water
Water bearing
Final water
Middle Eighth Meridians
To cry over water
Yangtze River
Zhangshui
Water retention
Middle Nine Meridians
Luoshui
River water (a tributary of the Yangtze River)
Dajiang (Yangtze River)
Pushui
Xu Shui
Water reduction
Suitable residual water
/
Secondary eleventh meridian
Turbulent water
old name for part of the Yellow River in Hebei and Shandong
Water repellency
Hanshui
<None>Water
Xingshui
Emperor Dai Shui
Imperial Platform Pulp
Imperial Garden Water
Water
Ru Shui
Kill water
Andrias davidianus water
Lishui
Fall into water
Gaoshui
Ask for water
Austrian water
/
Overseas Nanjing
Qingshui
Chishui
Shouhuaze
/
Overseas Northern Meridian
Ozawa
Yellow River
/
Overseas East longitude
The East China Sea
/
Hainei Nanjing
Stagnant water
Xiangling
Xiang
Weak water
Haineixi Meridian
Ozawa
Hanshui
Chishui
Bohai Sea
Ocean water
Blackwater
Sea (name of water)
Weak water
Qingshui
/
Hainei North Meridian
Water column
Hainei East Meridian
the bohai sea
Minshui River
Nanjiang
Lujiang River
Yangtze River
the Huai River
Xiang
Dongting Lake
Hanjiang River
Water masking
warm water
Yellow River
Glume water
Ru Shui
Jingshui
Weishui River
plain water
Yuanshui River
Ganshui
Surabaya
The East China Sea
Stagnant water
South China Sea
To drop water
Decorating water
Luoshui
Fenshui
Qinshui
old name for part of the Yellow River in Hebei and Shandong
Scrawl
Tuotuo Water
Zhangshui
Eastern Meridian of Great Wilderness
The East China Sea
Yang Shui
Meltwater
/
Great Wilderness Southern Classic
Chishui
Rongshui
Blackwater
Carburetor
Lishui
Bleaching water
Qingshui
plain water
Sweet water
/
Great Wilderness West Meridian
Cold and hot water
Chishui
West Sea
Yellow River
Sannao
Meng Yi Attacks Zhuanxu Pool
Blackwater
/
Northern Meridian of Great Wilderness
Yellow River
Seal the abyss
Shen Yuan
old name for part of the Yellow River in Hebei and Shandong
Downstream
Blackwater
/
Inland meridian
The East China Sea
West Sea
Blackwater
Qingshui
If water
the north sea
Snake water
Yangtze River
reference material:[3][22]
feudal princes who pay allegiance to a common sovereign
the third of the three legendary emperors who created the Chinese state
Kuafu
Zhuan Xu
Yu Qiang
/
Overseas East longitude
Shebi corpse
Tianwu
Erhai
Sentence awn
Hainei Nanjing
Shun
Mengtu
/
Haineixi Meridian
Two negative
dangerous
minister of agriculture under legendary Shun
/
Hainei North Meridian
Queen Mother of the West
Two negative
According to comparison
Yao
legendary ruler of remote antiquity
cinnabar
Shun Yi
ice
Midnight
Denby's
Night light
candlelight
Hainei East Meridian
Thor
Shun
Zhuan Xu
Eastern Meridian of Great Wilderness
Pear<reggae>corpse
Yan Long
Si You
Sishi
Miss a woman
Dihong
Black tooth
Tianwu
Folding pill
Yu Yu
Yujing
Wang Hai
Hebo
play
Shebi corpse
Female clown
Dijun
legendary phoenix-like bird
Chiyou
Kuafu
winged dragon
Yellow Emperor
/
Great Wilderness Southern Classic
Dijun
E emperor
Shun
Buting Hu Yu
Because of
Ji Li
Shao Hao
Double cutting
No lewdness
Chiyou
Ancestral corpse
the third of the three legendary emperors who created the Chinese state
Zhuan Xu
Bofu
Zhang Hong
Enjoy
Gun
Shijing
Inflammatory fusion
Yao
legendary ruler of remote antiquity
Xihe
Dijun
/
Great Wilderness West Meridian
the third of the three legendary emperors who created the Chinese state
Coproduction
Gentleman
Ten Gods · Nuwa's Intestine
Nuwa
Stony planation
Tert average
Dijun
minister of agriculture under legendary Shun
Taiwan seal
Chiguo Wife's Family
Yellow Emperor
Initial average
Prince Long Qin
Zhuan Xu
Old Boy
Zhu Rong
Wu Qi
Wuji
Wuqi
Wupeng
Wu Gu
Wuzhen
Witchcraft ceremony
Wu arrived
Wu Xie
Wuluo
Clown corpse
Position
Shh
heavy
Li
Choking
Changxi
Meng Yi
Yellow Torch Corpse
White spot, white tail, human face, tiger body, god
Queen Mother of the West
Female fete
Female
Mount Heng in Hunan Province
Female godliness
Zig
Longevity hemp
The corpse of summer ploughing
Wu Hui
Start
Emperor Yan
Soul
/
Northern Meridian of Great Wilderness
Zhuan Xu
Dijun
Yu
Junguo
Active mining
Repair
Yu Qiang
Nine Phoenix
Strong and good
Kuafu
Laterite
letter
winged dragon
Chiyou
Coproduction
Phase shift
Yu
Fengbo
rain god
Ba
Tert average
Chishui Women's Gift
name of a tribe in the west
Miao Long
Rongwu
get clear
White dog
Enjoy
Candle Nine Yin
/
Inland meridian
Yellow Emperor
Lei Zu
Changyi
Korean Wave
A girl
Zhuan Xu
Baigao
minister of agriculture under legendary Shun
Big fish
Salted bird
By centigrade
Afterlight
Yanwei
Look at the corpse
Boyi Father
Huashan mountain
Xianlong
Emperor Yan
Sun Boling
Wu Quan
Predestined wife
drum
delay
K
Luo Ming
Dijun
Yu Hao
Lewd beam
Panyu
Xi Zhong
Yoshimitsu
Less
like
Hou Yi
Yan Long
the three embodiments of Buddha
Semantic mean
Tert average
Yu
Gun
Chishui
Listen
Inflammatory residence
Section and
Theatrical apparatus
Zhu Rong
Coproduction
Surgical instrument
reference material:[3][22]
Botany
Belonging to
Recorded plants and fruits
Mountain classics
Nanshan Sutra
Laurel
Zhu Yu
Miguel
Yoshiki
Xishan Sutra
Pine
Chinese wolfberry
Bi Li
Black leek
Wen stem
strip
palm
nanmu
Strip grass
Special tree
橿 Tree
arrow bamboo
Bamboo
Huang Lv
Stinking toon
hemp
Panmu
aromatic grass
Depreciation tree
Salvia mollissima
Grain tree
toothed oak
Peach branch bamboo
Gourui bamboo
boat orchids
Chinese bellflower
Follicular capacity
Kan spear
Duheng
Longum longum L
No stripe
Women's bed
Redwood
Millet
榣 wood
trees growing where the sun sets
Begonia pear
Begonia
Grass
Chinese herb
Qing Fan (薠)
Grass
Medicine, Xiao (Angelica dahurica)
Rhizoma Ligustici
櫰 Wood (Sophora japonica)
/
Beishan Sutra
Alder
Chinese herb
palm
橿 Tree
Ailanthus altissima
Allium tuberosum
Scallion
Sunflower
peach
Plum tree
Cudra tree
Hazelnut
楛
Grass
Trifoliate trifoliate
Acanthus
Potato ladder
Thai pepper
lacquer tree
bamboo
Bamboo arrow
Cotoneaster
Rhizoma Ligustici
茝
稌
/
Dongshan Sutra
Mulberry
Cudra tree
Ailanthus altissima
catalpa
nanmu
Jing
Chinese wolfberry
Spine (jujube tree)
peach
Plum tree
Yumu (Fusang)
Qi
Zhongshan Classic
Special tree
Sunflower
Apricot leaf
Sheath
橿 Tree
tochigi
Picking (chinaberry)
palm
Planting Broussonetia papyrifera
Tianying
Grass
Ghost grass
standing grain
Grain (Broussonetia papyrifera)
薝薝
Spine (jujube tree)
Carved crabapple
Rongcao
Begonia
Mango grass
Rubia cordifolia
Lift a tree
Xun Cao
Jujube
Ailanthus altissima
Longum longum
lacquer tree
Soviet
Scape<艹Band>
Bamboo arrow
Bamboo
toothed oak
𦬸
coriander
Chinese herbaceous peony
Yudong
Dummy tree
Peng (Gentiana macrophylla)
Potato ladder (yam)
boat orchids
Koutuo (Tongcao)
Broussonetia papyrifera
Willow
Frame timber
Xiao (Artemisia argyi)
Bitter and bitter
Sorbus bungei
Yarrow
Phoenix strip
Support (arrow bamboo)
Yanic acid
Grass
Dodder hill
Acantha flava
Sky train
Mongolia wood
Cattle injury
Jiarong
Dixiu
栯 wood
Imperial House
Hyperactive wood
Asarum
<艹Ganga>Grass
Azulene (grape)
Pear
Yubai
<艹Wolf>
Oak
Hook end (spiny bamboo)
Peach branch (dwarf bamboo)
Foot (hawthorn)
Shaddock tree
Orange tree
Plum tree
apricot tree
Pepper tree
chrysanthemum
Cotoneaster
楢
Yuzhang (camphor tree)
According to the tree
Chicken grain
Ju (hawthorn) tree
Mulberry
Glauca glauca
Imperial female mulberry
Amygdalus chinensis
Chicken Valley
Garfield herb
vanilla
Bamboos
Supporting bamboo
Wuwu
Rhizoma Ligustici
Bamboo
Haijing
Overseas Nanjing
Three trees
/
Overseas Western Classic
Androgynous
Overseas Northern Meridian
Search for wood
Mulberry
Willow
Sweet leg
Ganhua
/
Overseas East longitude
Ganhua
Sweet leg
Willow
Lavender
Hainei Nanjing
Eight trees
Jianmu
/
Haineixi Meridian
Pearl tree
Wenyushu
Pin tree
Immortal tree
Woodgrass
Cypress
Saint Mumandi
Servant tree
Bird rank tree
/
Eastern Meridian of Great Wilderness
Buttress
mustard
Ganhua
/
Great Wilderness Southern Classic
Imperial medicine
Maple
Luan wood
Qi (Bai Liangli)
Chicory
稑
Ganhua
Sweet leg
Great Wilderness West Meridian
valley
Loose cabinet
Ganhua
Willow
White wood
Rosewood
/
Northern Meridian of Great Wilderness
trees growing where the sun sets
/
Inland meridian
Shu
Millet
rice
trees growing where the sun sets
Jianmu
/
reference material:[3][22]
Influence achievements
Announce
edit
Characteristic performance
With the research of scholars around the world, the Book of Mountains and Seas has entered a new stage, which is mainly shown as follows:
1. The study of The Classic of Mountains and Rivers has broken through the original geographical scope, expanding from the Chinese circle, the Asian circle to the world circle.
2. It has changed the old view that the Book of Mountains and Seas is a myth, legend and sorcery book, and it is believed that the majority of the Book of Mountains and Seas is a faithful history and an ancient world cultural spectacle.
3. It began to integrate with foreign and other disciplines.
4. Further Uncover the Mystery of World Culture[22]。
Field achievements
field
achievement
Geography
1. It systematically and comprehensively records the geographical overview of China in the Pre Qin period, and provides information on the ecological environment and human activities thousands of years ago for future generations, including ancient lakes, marshes, wetlands, deserts, mountains and rivers and their changes, mineral distribution information, plant distribution information (recording climate changes), animal distribution information, and distribution, communication, and migration information of ethnic groups and tribes.
2. The geographical scope described in the Book of Mountains and Seas is vast, stretching to the South China Sea in Guangdong and southern Vietnam in the south, the Qaidam Basin and the Pamir Plateau in the west, Lake Baikal and the Bering Sea in the north, the Korean Sea in the east, and Taiwan Island in the southeast.Among them, there are forests in China (today's Hubei), Denglin (today's Henan), and so on. This kind of primitive forest has few remains in modern times;In the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", the description of the West Sea (i.e. Qaidam Basin) is an endless marsh, and the Shueze (i.e. Lop Nur) water meets the sky.The Book of Mountains and Rivers is an indispensable reference for the study of environmental protection and ecological balance in China.
literature
1. Narrating with pictures, pictures and texts.according toLiu Xicheng、Ma ChangyiAccording to the research of Liu Zongdi and others, the mother text of the Classic of Mountains and Seas should have pictures, especially the Classic of Seas, which should have pictures first and then articles. The text in the book is the explanation of the pictures.However, in the later inheritance, the ancient pictures were lost, while the characters were handed down. Now, most of the pictures in the Book of Mountains and Seas are the classics of later generations.
2. The Book of Mountains and Seas reserves a large amount of historical data from ancient times.The geographical mountains and rivers, animals and plants, ethnic customs and cultures, as well as the contents between ethnic ministries in China have basically retained the original appearance of ancient times, leaving many precious ancient materials and information for future generations.
3. The great influence on later literature.Myth is an important source of Chinese literature. The Classic of Mountains and Seas contains a large number of creation myths, flood myths, national origin myths, hero myths, tribal myths and natural myths. These myths provide material and imagination space for later literary creation, especially for romantic literature;To some extent, it reflects the basic characteristics of Chinese culture and the value orientation of cultural spirit, and at the same time, it shapes a lot of literary themes for later literature.
myth
1. Seven categories of ancient Chinese myths have been recorded to varying degrees.
2. It left a reliable textual basis for the space of the mythical world, and presented the universe view of the ancient people in a more tortuous way in the form of metaphor.
3. It has preserved a large number of primitive objects that condense primitive cultural information, and contains potential mythological value.
4. Through historical accumulation, it affects future generations in different ways, as well as their descendants' evaluation of historical figures and expectations of real people, and even affects the trend of Chinese civilization in the future.
animal
1. With regard to the magical animals in the Book of Mountains and Seas, modern zoology experts have found that, in addition to totem worship, most of the animals described in the book have prototypes, such as Dangkang, a male pig, Lushu, a zebra, and Lin, a legendary animal unicorn and phoenix, which should be Blissful Birds or the multicolored Tancen of Tancen Family;Chixu and Malay crocodiles have disappeared from China, but they should have existed in large numbers at the time when the Book of Mountains and Rivers was written. In addition, there are giant pandas, Asian elephants, Chinese alligators, apes and other existing endangered species.
2. It records the migration, extinction, variation and evolution of animals;For different animals, call them or call them according to their characteristics, describe their dynamics and living habits, and define their names and judgments for future generations;It also records the contents related to the domestication of dogs, horses, sheep, cattle, pigs and other animals by the Chinese, providing information and data on the domestication of animals in ancient times for later generations.
Medical Science
1. The Classic of Mountains and Seas contains rich knowledge of geopharmacology, which introduces the types, origins, forms, functions and tastes of some drugs in detail, thus becoming the later Taicao science, such as《Compendium of Materia Medica》The rudiments of other documents.
2. Drugs are divided into three categories: plants, animals and minerals, and each category includes several sub categories.For example, plants can be divided into herbaceous plants and woody plants. Animals include birds, beasts, fish, amphibians, and animal fats;Among the minerals, they are divided into ore and mineral water.
3. Put forward the viewpoint of influencing factors such as place of origin, geographical conditions, climate and environment.The drugs produced are different according to different regions;Different kinds of drugs grow in different natural environments, pointing out a clear direction for drug collection.
4. This paper introduces the morphology of various drugs in detail, describes the branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, textures, etc. of various plants, and uses familiar plants to compare unfamiliar drugs;At the same time, the medicinal parts of some drugs are clearly pointed out, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for correct identification and collection of drugs.
5. While introducing the names, forms, origins and functions of various drugs, a large number of ancient disease names were proposed, which also had a profound impact on ancient Chinese medical theoretical works《Inner Canon of Huangdi》The names of diseases used, such as mania, are the traditional Chinese medicine disease terms.
Religion
The totem worship materials in the Book of Mountains and Seas, from the sun and moon totem, animal totem and dragon and phoenix totem, have rich religious connotations, which can reflect the primitive religious beliefs and thoughts of primitive religion in ancient times at that time;At the same time, the original witchcraft ceremony and totem worship concept as well as the changes reflected by the evolution of the image of gods are retained in the literature.
Astronomy
The Book of Mountains and Seas records the astronomical calendar together with mythical stories;It also recorded the operation laws of the sun, moon and stars, comprehensively summarized and applied the complete and scientific "observation and timing" system since Yan Huang, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, and Diku, whose system is highly practical, scientific, systematic, and accurate, providing future generations with relevant theoretical astronomical knowledge.
Agriculture
The Classic of Mountains and Seas records a large number of scientific and technological achievements of thousands of farming cultures during the pre Qin period of China, as well as agricultural production in ancient times, and many related contents about water conservancy, vehicle and ship manufacturing, cattle use, music and dance production, and pot throwing games.
reference material:[13][17-21]
Derivative development
Announce
edit
The Classic of Mountains and Seas is not only a document of the world, but also a kind of culture, which is reflected in all aspects.
On September 25, 1987, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the People's Republic of China issued a special stamp named "Ancient Chinese Myths" with the record number of T.120 in order to inherit and carry forward the precious heritage of ancient Chinese culture and art.A complete set of 6 pieces, depicting thein pursuit of the sun、a symbol of dogged determinationAnd other fairy tales.[5]
Ancient Chinese Myths (I)
On August 6, 2019, China Post Group Co., Ltd. launched a set of six special stamps named 2019-17 from the "Ancient Chinese Mythology (II)", which mainly extractedking yu combating the flood。
Ancient Chinese Mythology (II)
Souvenir badge
On October 21, 2021, the Organizing Committee of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and the Winter Paralympic Games announced commemorative badges and other surrounding events. The badges were designed with Kuafu Chasing the Sun, Dayu Harnessing the Flood and other ancient myths as the core[23]。
Commemorative badges for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games and the Winter Paralympic Games - "Ancient Myth"
Musical works
Title
Singer
Online time
reference material
"Through the Mountains and the Sea"
Li Yugang
November 22, 2021
[26]
Film and television works
On November 16, 2018, Magic Animal: Glindwal's Crime was released;In this film, the production team integrates Zou Wu, the ancient Chinese mythical beast in the Classic of Mountains and Rivers, and vividly presents it to the audience[4]。
Zou Wu in Miraculous Animals: Glindwal's Crime
Fashion interpretation
On October 25, 2019, the Spring Summer 2020 China International Fashion Week opened in Beijing;Many designers have used their works to interpret the "Chinese style", and some of them are inspired by the wonders of mountains and seas and the supernatural monsters described in the Book of Mountains and Seas, which are smart and full of ancient style.[7]
Elements of "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" of China International Fashion Week in Spring and Summer 2020
sculpture of art
On October 17, 2021, the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" large-scale landscape installation art exhibition kicked off in the new concept art and cultural settlement at the foot of the Great Wall in Beijing;The team led by the artist Qiu Qijing, through drawing the images and text content of the "Book of Mountains and Rivers", set up 60 giant mythical animal sculptures in the place, popularized science and introduced the mythical animals in China[6]。
Divine Beast Sculpture in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" Large Landscape Installation Art Exhibition
"Where Are the Beasts" is a cartoon of the cat under the boots, which depicts the story of the divine beast descending to the mortal life;It is also based on the mythical animals in the Book of Mountains and Seas, and its name is taken from the Book of Nanshan[9]。
"View of the Mountain and the Sea" is a popular reading book of "The Classic of Mountains and the Sea" written by Shan Ze and Liang Chao. It was first published in June 2017.This book is a popular reading book of Shanhaijing with rich contents and pictures, mainly presenting the part of exotic animals.The vivid and magnificent new interpretation of hundreds of magical and exotic animal images in ancient legends, coupled with concise original text and interesting interpretation, adds another kind of imaginary wings to the ancient Chinese legend of supernatural beings[27]。
On the occasion of the fourth anniversary, "The King of Chaos" and "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", the ancient Chinese mythological geography, launched a new version of "Fantastic Mountains and Seas".The concept of unlimited possibilities and free speech was better conveyed to all players, and the concept of "mountain and sea co creation" theme month was built.At the same time, we carried out an anniversary game co creation activity in the community, allowing players to create freely through their own imagination.
