Vaccination is an effective means to control infectious diseases and a health umbrella for every child. In foreign countries, vaccines are divided into Class I and Class II. The so-called Class I vaccine is a vaccine that must be vaccinated according to national regulations, while the Class II vaccine can be voluntarily selected at one's own expense according to the children's physical condition and economic strength.
Many parents will struggle when taking their children to vaccinate. In addition to the necessary Class I vaccine, should Class II vaccine be vaccinated? Some parents feel that it is enough to take the first class vaccine prescribed by the state, and there is no need to spend money on other vaccines. Which vaccines should be vaccinated? How to vaccinate safely? Let's study together.
The second type of vaccine is an important supplement to the first type of vaccine. Some infectious diseases targeted by the second type of vaccine - such as influenza, chickenpox, pneumonia, etc. - will cause great harm to children. Due to limited financial resources, the country has not included the first type of vaccine.
Children who are vaccinated with Class II vaccine can get more extensive protection. The second class vaccines recommended for children include Hib vaccine, EV71 vaccine, pneumonia vaccine, influenza vaccine, varicella vaccine, quintuple vaccine, quadruple vaccine, rotavirus vaccine and HPV vaccine. Why? Let me introduce them one by one.
1. Haemophilus influenzae type B mixed vaccine (Hib vaccine)
Haemophilus influenzae type B is mainly transmitted through air droplets. Generally speaking, babies under 5 years old, especially babies aged 2 months to 2 years old, are prone to infection. It can cause pneumonia in children, meningitis, septicemia, otitis media and other serious diseases in children. It is the main pathogen causing serious bacterial infections in children. Hib vaccine is inoculated 4 times, starting at the age of 2 months, with an interval of 1-2 months, and 3 times; In August, strengthen inoculation once.
2. Hand, foot and mouth vaccine (EV71 vaccine).
It is applicable to susceptible persons aged from 6 months to 3 years. Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by a variety of intestinal viruses, which is high in babies. HFMD mostly occurs in children under 5 years old and can cause herpes in hands, feet, mouth and other parts. A few children can cause complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema, aseptic meningoencephalitis and even death. Inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine, referred to as EV71 vaccine, can prevent a part of hand, foot and mouth disease caused by EV71 virus, accounting for about 15%~50%. But 50%~80% of severe hand foot mouth disease is caused by EV71, so this vaccine can prevent most severe hand foot mouth disease. The basic immunization program was 2 doses, with an interval of 1 month. It is recommended to finish before the age of 2.
3. Pneumococcal vaccine
Pneumococcus is an important pathogen of invasive and non-invasive infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media and bacteremia. At present, there are mainly two types of vaccines widely used to prevent pneumococcal diseases, polysaccharide vaccine (23 valent polysaccharide vaccine, suitable for people over 2 years old, one dose for routine vaccination) and protein conjugate vaccine (13 valent, suitable for infants under 2 years old, one dose for basic immunization at the age of 2, 4 and 6 months, and one dose for booster immunization at the age of 12 to 15 months).
4. Influenza vaccine
Influenza virus is also highly infectious. The main route of transmission is also air droplets, which often break out in kindergartens and primary schools. Children infected with influenza are prone to pneumonia, otitis media, myocarditis and other complications. Children aged 6 to 35 months have weaker resistance to influenza virus than older children, and are more likely to be infected with influenza when encountering influenza epidemic. Children aged from 6 months to 3 years old should be vaccinated twice with an interval of 1 month. Because the influenza virus itself mutates rapidly, it needs to be vaccinated every year.
5. Varicella vaccine
Varicella virus is highly infectious, which can cause children to have fever, blisters and pus on the skin, and may also cause complications such as pneumonia, meningitis, or concurrent bacterial infection. Vaccination is the best way to prevent varicella. The first dose was given at the age of 12-24 months, and the second dose was given at the age of 4-6 years.
6. Quintuple vaccine
Five vaccine is a combined vaccine composed of adsorbed acellular diphtheria tetanus and inactivated poliomyelitis combined vaccine (DTaP IPV) and Haemophilus influenzae type b combined vaccine (Hib). Four vaccinations have completed the immunization against five infectious diseases caused by diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B, with four vaccinations, one dose each at the age of 2, 3, 4, and 18 months, It can prevent 5 kinds of diseases, 8 times less than the free vaccine with the same effect.
7. Quadruple vaccine
The quadruple vaccine is a combined vaccine composed of adsorbed acellular diphtheria pertussis (DTaP) and Haemophilus influenzae type b combined vaccine (Hib combined vaccine). Four vaccinations have been completed to immunize against four infectious diseases caused by diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type B. Four vaccinations, one dose each at the age of 3, 4, 5 and 18 months, can prevent four diseases. There is less poliomyelitis than the quintuple vaccine, and the first type of poliomyelitis vaccine needs to be supplemented.
8. Rotavirus vaccine
Rotavirus is the most common pathogen of diarrhea in infants aged 3 months to 2 years old in autumn. The protection rate of this vaccine for infants is about 60%~70%, so it can not completely prevent children from getting sick, but it can alleviate children's diarrhea symptoms after vaccination. Infants aged from 2 months to 3 years old should receive one dose every year.
9. HPV vaccine, commonly known as cervical cancer vaccine
Cervical cancer is mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This vaccine can prevent the incidence of cervical cancer by preventing HPV infection. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. At present, two kinds of bivalent and four kinds of HPV vaccines are on the market in China. According to the age of children, the bivalent cervical cancer vaccine (to prevent high-risk human papillomavirus HPV16 and HPV18) should be selected for children aged 9-14 years. Three doses of inoculation are required. One intramuscular injection is required in 0, 1 and 6 months respectively, and the whole vaccination can be completed within half a year.
The classification of Class I vaccine and Class II vaccine is not fixed. For example, hepatitis A vaccine and mumps vaccine were both Class II vaccines before 2007, but with the improvement of national economic strength, these two vaccines are now Class I vaccines. In the future, more and more Class II vaccines will become Class I vaccines.
Source of this article: Sina blogger Retired doctor Sang Blog
