With the arrival of summer vacation, children spend more time alone during the summer vacation, and safety problems worry many parents. How to let children spend a safe and happy holiday? Recently, the reporter visited many medical institutions such as Nanchong Central Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, hoping to draw parents' attention to children's safety in summer through some real data and cases.

　　 case

　　 Baby girl died of severe scald

Recently, Qiong Qiong, an 11 month old baby girl from Ma'an Town, Yilong County, Nanchong City, has touched many people's hearts. In order to bathe Joan, her mother brought water, but after adding boiling water to the bathtub, she forgot to add cold water, and directly put little Joan into the bathtub. It was too late for my mother to react. As the child was born into a poor family, many caring people donated more than 400000 yuan to help her recover. However, it is a pity that Xiao Qiongqiong was too seriously injured. Severe scalding caused serious infection, which led to severe sepsis and multiple organ failure such as cardiopulmonary function, renal function and blood coagulation function. After the rescue of Nanchong Central Hospital failed, the angel who came to the world died on the afternoon of the 20th.

Summer is the season of high incidence of children scald. Last year, our newspaper reported that Fu Ling, a two-year-old girl from Guangyuan, went to the oil mill with her parents to squeeze oil, and accidentally fell into the oil basin, causing serious burns on 40% of her body. Yesterday, the West China City Reader learned from Nanchong Central Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College and other medical institutions that summer is the high incidence period of scald accidents, and children account for about one-third of the total number of burn patients.

　　 investigation

　　 Summer vacation is a period of high incidence of children's accidents

With the warmer weather, since June, children's accidental injuries have begun to show a significant upward trend. According to the data obtained from the reporter's visit to major hospitals in Nanchong, in the past 20 days from June 1 to June 20, more than 100 trauma patients caused by burns and scalds were rescued in the city, most of whom were children.

Yesterday, the reporter came to the Inpatient Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. The patients with burns and scalds were full of wards. Even in the corridor, some scalded patients were receiving treatment. "The summer weather is hot, people wear thin clothes and have more exposed skin, so it is easy to burn or scald, especially immature children." A doctor said that summer is a high incidence period of scald accidents, and there are many infants and children among scalded patients admitted to the hospital at present.

Among the hospitalized scalded children, there are various causes of scald. Because of hunger, when looking for food in the kitchen, I uncovered the lid of the cooking pot and burned the corn with steam, causing peeling and swelling of my arms; Accidentally breaking the open water bottle at home, causing serious burns to limbs, trunk and other parts; In addition, the family accidentally spilled boiling water on the child, causing multiple burns all over the body... Yang Zhaohui, a doctor in the burn and plastic surgery department of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, was helpless. The specific causes of children's burns were varied, but generally speaking, they were basically scalded by high-temperature liquid, and most children were scalded by adults' carelessness.

　　 Doctor Reminder

　　 Rinse with cold water immediately in case of burns

Yang Zhaohui reminded all parents that once a child is burned, if parents can properly treat the wound, the damage can be minimized. If the scald is caused by high temperature liquid, wash the wound with cold water until it is not painful. If there is blister on the wound surface, be careful not to break it by yourself. Cold water washing can not only alleviate pain, but also rapidly reduce local temperature to prevent further injury.

If it is a burn, first put out the open fire quickly, and then flush the burn with running water until it is not painful.

In case of chemical burns (including burns caused by various strong acids or alkalis), first use a towel or soft cloth to wipe away the chemicals left on the child's skin surface, and then conduct different treatments according to the different properties of the chemicals. Use weak alkali liquid, such as tea, to wash strong acid burns; For strong alkali burns, use weak acid liquid, such as vinegar. If you don't know the nature of the chemicals for a while, you can directly wash them with a large amount of clean water.

For chemical burns in the esophagus (such as children who drink strong acid or alkali by mistake), children should be given egg white orally quickly. Parents should pay special attention to the fact that children with burns should not use drugs for external use to prevent skin allergy. Allergy not only increases the difficulty of treatment, but also aggravates the pain of children. Allergies are mostly caused by drugs such as safflower oil applied externally after scalding.

　　 Counting burn

Burns and scalds are common accidental injuries in life, which can be divided into several types, such as hydrothermal burns, chemical burns, contact burns, flame burns, and electric burns.

According to incomplete statistics, about 5-10 million people are injured by fire every year in China, of which about 30% are children with burns and scalds. Due to the limitations of children's physiological characteristics and various constraints, the disability rate and mortality rate of children after burns and scalds are significantly higher than those of adults.

　　 first aid

1. Differentiate the degree of burn and scald. First aid measures depend on the situation

Burn or scald can be divided into three levels: mild, moderate and severe.

1 The redness of the arm is mild. You can simply treat it without going to the hospital, and it will heal in about a week.

There are blisters on it and some skin ulcers. This is a second degree burn, which is also called moderate scald.

Blackening and local carbonization of the skin are severe burns. Parents should take their children to the hospital for treatment of secondary and tertiary burns.

2 Physical "cooling" is the first step after burn

When burns occur, parents should first "cool down". Because 80% of burns are caused by the spread of residual heat after burns, we should first cool down in the early stage. When cooling the burned wound with cold water, the water should spread from the center of the wound to the periphery and start washing slowly, so as to prevent infection, We can find a faucet, put our hands under the faucet, turn on the faucet, and slowly flush the injured wound with slow water flow.

When cold water is used to cool the burn wound, the water flow should spread from the center of the wound to the periphery, so as to prevent infection. If possible, we should continue to wash slowly under cold water for about 20 minutes until the pain completely disappears. If there is no faucet, we can also put the scalded arm in a water basin, but pay attention to the water must be kept clean, because soaking it in the water basin will cause surrounding bacteria to spread and attach to the wound.

3. Send the patient to the hospital immediately after the safety bag protects the wound

After washing the wound with cold water for 15-20 minutes, parents must remember to keep the wound clean and do not apply any medicine on their own, which will cause infection of the scalded wound and affect its healing. We can choose a fresh-keeping film or such a safety bag, put the injured wound part inside the safety bag, and gently cover it without binding or bundling, and then send it to the hospital for treatment.

West China City Reader reporter Zhang Ling