□ Bao Jun, Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Gulou Hospital

With the rise of temperature, the decrease of clothing and the increase of activities, people are more likely to suffer from various injuries in summer, of which burns are very common, especially children are prone to accidents.

If parents are alert to various factors that may cause burns and scalds, they can greatly reduce the occurrence of burns and scalds. These factors include various open flames, high-temperature objects, boiled water, etc. Preventive measures include: children are prohibited from entering the kitchen, children are taught not to play with fire, children are not allowed to touch newly cooked food, children are provided with cold boiled water, and children are allowed to enter the bathroom after the water temperature is adjusted when bathing.

In case of burns and scalds, if parents can properly treat the wounds, the damage can be minimized. If the scald is caused by high temperature liquid, the injured part should be flushed with cold water until it is not painful. If there is blister on the wound surface, be careful not to break it by yourself. In addition to relieving pain, cold water shower can rapidly reduce local temperature and prevent further injury. If the burn is caused by fire, first put out the open fire quickly, and then flush the burn with running water until it is not painful. In case of chemical burns (including burns caused by various strong acids or alkalis), first wipe the residual chemicals on the skin surface with a towel or soft cloth, and then conduct different treatments according to the different properties of the chemicals. For strong acid burns, wash with weak alkali liquid such as tea, and for strong alkali burns, wash with weak acid liquid such as vinegar. If you don't know the nature of the chemicals for a while, you can directly wash them with a large amount of clean water. For chemical burns in the esophagus (such as children who drink strong acid or alkali by mistake due to thirst), children should be given egg white orally quickly. Parents should pay special attention to the fact that children with burns should not use drugs for external use to prevent skin allergy. Allergy not only increases the difficulty of treatment, but also aggravates the pain of children. Allergies are mostly caused by drugs such as safflower oil applied externally after scalding.

After the above simple treatment, the children should be sent to the hospital for further treatment, including debridement and injection of tetanus antitoxin.

Wang Juan arranges