Chinese learning cultivates students' abilities in many aspects, one of which is the ability to understand words. People with strong ability to understand words can quickly collect information and react in daily life, so that they are more likely to get opportunities than others. In other words, people with strong ability to understand words will also show outstanding advantages in the examination results of Chinese, mathematics, English and other disciplines, and even other minor subjects. Therefore, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' ability in this aspect. On what? My key to reading is to concentrate, ask twice, and write three times.
One heart. It is easy to understand and dedicated to reading. Not more, not faster, but the heart. My colleagues often praise my good memory, "words are always words in books". In fact, this is precisely because I read less, read slowly, and read attentively. Human brain capacity may be large enough, but the amount of memory per unit time is always limited. Not many, because I advocate choosing the right books, not expensive books, time is always more valuable than useless books; Not fast, because I spent time thinking, thinking and learning, empty reading is as futile as empty talk; Reading depends on your heart. It's hard to be fascinated by reading.
Ask twice. In the process of reading, we should not focus on ourselves or stand on our own position, but go out of ourselves completely and read modestly from an objective perspective. You only need to ask yourself two questions throughout the article: first, why did the author write this book? Second, how did the author write the book? These two questions are not superficial, but patiently realized when you read the full text. When tutoring students to read, let them first understand the significance of asking these two questions - the significance of the first question is to cultivate students' objective judgment and insight. Students are in the period of developing logical judgment, and most of them are self-centered. Although this is a common phenomenon, it should not be ignored by us. Children look at problems subjectively and arbitrarily. Only by training them to look at the world from different perspectives can their development trend to a comprehensive balance. It can be said that thinking about the author's original intention of writing effectively exercises their thinking ability. If the students are young, we can ask some simple questions, such as "For whom did the writer write?" or "For whom did the writer read?".
The second question is to serve students' writing. Find out the outline of the author's writing, that is, grasp the article as a whole. Only in this case can the "insight learning" proposed by psychologist Kohler be realized, and the first question can be answered more easily. Of course, the most important thing is to collect "writing templates" for students' own writing. When students have enough "templates" in their minds, they can write freely. If the student is young, you can also ask him "what he wrote first, then what he wrote, and finally what he wrote." At first, don't ask too specifically. The key is to develop a habit of thinking.
3. Write. Mr. Xu Teli once had a famous saying - "Don't write or read". As his favorite student, Mao Zedong is really benefited from it. I once bought a set of Mao Zedong's Comments on Poetry. Every time Mao Zedong read an article, he had to make a lot of annotations, some of which were even longer than the original text, which showed his depth of thinking when reading. Of course, this also deeply affected me. All the books I read are like prisoners who have been subjected to severe punishment. They are "scarred and bloodstained". Let me introduce how I "started writing three times".
First, when you think it is a good word and sentence, don't be stingy with your pen and ink, and draw a horizontal line at the bottom. Of course, you can also use your favorite symbols for the sake of beauty. Underlining is to deepen your impression and improve the efficiency of reading. Interestingly, Mao Zedong imitated the practice of the ancients when commenting, drawing circles under his favorite words, and sometimes he even drew circles on the whole poem.
Second, when you have a strong feeling, write down your feelings directly. You often find such words in Mao Zedong's articles, such as "good!" "good poetry!" "agree!" "not bad!" "inaccurate!". In fact, this is reading with emotion, and real master works often have a strong personal color. Only by reading with heart and emotion can we have a spiritual collision with the master.
Third, record your own opinions or others' opinions directly in the margin of the book. This is the stage of direct dialogue with the author. It is just that the author speaks first, and we respond to what he says. In this era of striving for the right to speak, a few simple comments will let us regain confidence, let students break away from the mud of following others, and establish an independent personality.
For children, "reading and writing" is a very good reading method. Let them know that this is a shortcut to make them smart. When a person is praised by others in terms of speech and behavior, he will deeply understand that my sense of achievement and honor come from self reading. When a child is proficient in reading skills, he learns to teach himself - while reducing the pressure of teachers, students also learn to survive.
This article is excerpted from "The Foot Scratcher Comes", which was authorized by the author Liu Yonghe
