AML未调节插座

AML is an aggressive cancer of the blood and bone marrow。1个AML prevents white blood cells from maturing，causing an accumulation of immature“blasts”（leukemic cells）which do not allow room for normal，healthy cells to grow.1 These leukemic cells can spread outside of the bloodstream and into other areas of the body，such as the central nervous system，skin and gums。1个As the leukemia spreads，infection，anemia or easy bleeding may occur due to a diminished number of healthy blood cells。1个Insome cases，early signs of AML are vague and may be confused with those of other common diseases。1个

AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and is also responsible for the largest number of leukemia annual deaths。2AML gets worse quickly if it not treated；therefore it is important to begin treatment as soon as possible。1个Many patients may feel overwhelmed asthey get rushed into therapy，leaving little time to prepare（i.e.understand the diagnosis，notify work，etc.）。3

utations in AML

utations in specific genes are found in many cases of AML and can be identified using genetic tests。4个The results of the tests can be used for diagnosis and patient risk stratification。4个While some mutations are associated with favorable outcomes，others are more aggressive and are associated with a poor prognosis。4个The most common mutations found in AML include FLT3，NPM1，DNMT3A，NRAS，CEBRA，TET2，WT1，IDH2，IDH1and KIT。5These genetic mutations affect the growth and development of cells，leading to cancerous cell formation。

Patient journey

An AML diagnosis is made based on:6个

  • 数字history and physical examination
  • 组合箱，组合箱
  • A sample of cells taken from the bone marrow（bone marrow biopsy）to look at the types of cells present and for any signs of leukemia
  • Genetic tests

Once diagnosis is confirmed，a treatment regimen will be started to reduce the number of cancer cells。6个Treatment should be started as soon as possible。6个Due to intense treatment resulting in a compromised immune system，it is recommended to stay in hospital for the first few weeks。7Bone marrow and blood samples are taken regularly to determine if the treatment is working or if more needs to be given。2If the cancer returns and the patient relapses，several options are available，including restarting treatment or taking part in a clinical trial。2

Prognosis and survival rate may depend on numerous factors including age，location of disease，recurrence status，etc。1个

Questions to ask your doctor

  • What type of AML do I have？
  • What will happen next？
  • What tests will I have done？
  • How and when will I get the results？
  • What is my prognosis？
  • What are the risks associated with my treatment？
  • Will Inneed a stem cell transplant？
  • Ifmy disease stops responding to treatment，what are my options？
  • Should I consider clinical trials？
  • As a caregiver，how can I provide support？
  • Where can I find AML resources and support？

附加资源

参考，参考

  1. NIH NCI.Available at：http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq.Accessed January51017。
  2. NCCN Guidelines Version2.2016 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Available at：http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/aml.pdf.Accessed January51017。
  3. LeBlanc TW，et al.Patient Experiences of Acute Myeloid Leukemia（AML）：A Qualitative Study about Diagnosis，Illness Understanding，and Treatment Decision-Making.Blood.2015.126:2119。
  4. Hatzimichael E.et al.Gene mutations and molecularly targeted therapies in acute myeloid leukemia:American Journal of Blood Research.2013；3（1）：29-51。
  5. Patel JP et al.Prognostic Relevance of Integrated Genetic Profiling in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.The New England Journal of Medicine.2012:22；366（12）：1079-89。
  6. National Institute of Health（NIH）National Cancer Institute（NCI）。Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment（PDQ®） http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq.Accessed January202017。
  7. Cancer.net.Leukemia-Acute Myeloid-AML:Treatment Optionshttp://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/leukemia-acute-myeloid-aml/treatment-。。。.Accessed January202017。