Hello, Sina netizens!

On February 8, 2012, Wu Qingyu, an expert who has been engaged in clinical and related basic research of cardiovascular surgery for more than 30 years（ micro-blog ）Visited the program "Famous Doctor Hall" of Sina Health Channel, and explained the prevention and treatment of heart disease in detail to netizens. The following is the interview record:

Host: Good afternoon, dear audience friends of Sina. com. I'm Wang Ying, the host. Today, we are going to talk about the prevention and treatment of heart disease. The guest invited today is Professor Wu Qingyu from the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University.

Wu Qingyu: Hello, everyone.

Compere: Please introduce heart disease.

Wu Qingyu: According to the report of the World Health Organization, heart disease is the first type of death. There are several types of heart disease. One is born with fetal belt. We call it congenital heart disease.

The other is that in the whole process of human growth and aging, organ blood vessels harden. These sclerosis mainly appear in the heart blood vessels, which forms plaque stenosis. This week's acquired heart disease is also called coronary heart disease. There are also valve diseases, mainly related to aging of the body. Heart tumors may also occur, and trauma can also lead to heart disease.

Host: The congenital heart disease you just mentioned is also called congenital heart disease. Is there any way to avoid it?

Wu Qingyu: Some diseases are clearly related to heredity, such as leprosy syndrome. Some of the pathogenic factors of heart disease may be related to heredity, but it is not very clear which gene changes are responsible for it. Of course, during pregnancy, some viral infections, such as colds, rubella and other diseases, may lead to malformations during embryonic development.

In addition, some unclear factors such as environment may also cause heart malformations during development, that is, congenital heart disease.

Moderator: What measures should be taken in terms of post treatment?

Wu Qingyu: When people say that they are ill, they think of medicine. But for heart disease, in most cases, especially congenital heart disease, the basic treatment is surgery. There are many ways of operation according to the patient's condition, and the premise of selecting the treatment method is to make a clear diagnosis.

Moderator: Can you introduce simple and complex treatment methods according to different symptoms?

Wu Qingyu: Let's start with congenital heart disease. There are two general types of congenital heart disease. One is relatively simple. I brought a model that may be clearer. Disease may occur in all parts of the model.

Moderator: What are the names of each part?

Wu Qingyu: Half of the heart has four chambers. This is the atrium and this is the ventricle. The atrium first flows back from the blood vessels to the atrium, and then flows back to the ventricle through the valve orifice. The most important function is the ventricular part, which compresses the blood through the pump and compresses it to the whole body through the contraction. After the heart empties, the diastolic blood of the heart returns to fill the heart, and the blood returns to the heart to fill the blood discharged from the heart. The composition of blood in different parts is different.

In other words, the blood returned from the vein passes through the whole body. After the oxygen and various nutrients are used up, the oxygen content in the blood is low. The blood returned to the right atrium and right ventricle can be disassembled. We can see that this is a cavity. From the tricuspid valve here to the lung, we can see that blood flows through the left heart and through four venous orifices. This is the pulmonary vein. Oxygen and blood flow return to the left ventricle again.

The left ventricle is metabolized through red blood vessels. Normal people look ruddy. If there is a disease, there are many problems. Just now, we talked about a simple heart disease. There is a disease where the blood vessels are not connected, but there is a tube in some places. There is a tube in the fetus, and it must be closed when living. Especially in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, valve stenosis is also common, and as I said just now, four cardiac chambers are separated and can not be mixed. If there are holes in this place where blood flows through each other, these places are called atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect. These are relatively simple congenital diseases.

There is a better way to treat it. Now, there is no need to open an operation. Put something into the blood vessel to block it. Simple heart disease can be treated by intervention.

Compere: A little more complicated.

Wu Qingyu: The valve is narrow. It was originally said that the narrow mouth was small, and the balloon was deflated when it went in. Once it was expanded, it was torn open.

Compere: What about the complex congenital heart disease?

Wu Qingyu. How to solve these children's problems? It's an operation.

Compere: Should we hurry up?

Wu Qingyu: In principle, we should do it earlier. Generally, we can do it before the age of 3. This kind of operation is the first to repair the defect. During the repair process, the blood of both ventricles is separated, the narrow area is widened, and the stenosis is relieved by widening the repaired material. The child who has finished the operation can live well.

Host: Are there any sequelae?

Wu Qingyu: No problem. It can be recovered just like normal people. In another case, the lips were very purple after birth. We had the youngest child for 11 hours. Why do you need an operation? This blood can be said to be dirty blood. It should be oxygenated with this blood. It should be oxygenated into the lungs and replaced with carbon dioxide, but it grows inversely. Such children will die soon without oxygen. In general, the reason why such a child can survive after birth is that there is probably a defect in the ventricular septum of the arterial duct wall, and the oxygenated blood in the lung is sent here to let the person survive, but he is suffering from hypoxia. The valve itself is normal and the pressure is high. This is a complex situation, but without surgery, 80% will die within one year, We advocate that the operation must be performed within two weeks. The earlier the operation is, the better. This is a very complicated operation, but it will be very good after it is completed.

We used to do a case of 11 hour old children from Northeast China, but now they are better than normal children.

Host: Do patients with congenital heart disease pay more attention to protecting their hearts than ordinary people?

Wu Qingyu: He can't move without paying attention to protection. He may die when he is a little older, and his family can't move him. For example, the patient who died of transposition of the great arteries cannot move and cannot be protected. As a parent, he must further protect him. When necessary, he can take oxygen to prevent him from being too active and unable to exercise himself. High altitude areas also need to be treated as soon as possible. If there is a kind of pulmonary hypertension, it must be treated as soon as possible.

As I said, the operation for tetralogy is not necessarily performed at that time, but must be later. Each patient's condition is different. First, make a clear diagnosis, and then consider how to treat it. Sometimes each of us will operate on a patient, whether his family or the patient itself, and he wants to have one operation. Everyone is afraid of this operation. The cost of two operations is a lot of problems. But in fact, many diseases may require two or even three operations, which cannot be solved once.

Host: Professor Wu, do you provide a psychological preparation for many of our patients?

Wu Qingyu: Yes, some children have successfully completed two or three operations, and they will recover well and be able to return to normal in the future. We had a patient with only one ventricle. When he was very young, he had a high mortality rate because of the high risk of surgery. Later, he came to us for surgery with mature technology. After the operation, he also got to know his girlfriend, and even emigrated abroad to find a job and train abroad.

Compere: Return to normal life completely.

Wu Qingyu: A normal person has four chambers and two ventricles. He can also live and live well. It is necessary to treat appropriately and timely.

Moderator: Let's talk about the second condition of heart disease: valve disease caused by aging of the body. Is it possible to prevent coronary heart disease in advance and do some exercises to slow down the aging of the body before the aging of the body?

Wu Qingyu: This is a very important question. In chronic diseases, coronary heart disease is not only an important factor that affects the health of the whole social group, but also spends a lot of resources and money to treat the disease, whether taking medicine or stent surgery.

Moderator: materially and spiritually.

Wu Qingyu: Some patients are lucky to get treatment, and some people like some famous actors die suddenly without treatment. So prevention is very important. At present, it is recognized that the very important factor is prevention. Quit smoking worldwide.

Compere: This is the first factor that is most harmful to the heart.

Wu Qingyu: We should also control our weight, blood sugar, blood lipids and blood pressure.