Chapter 1: Model of Aquaculture Technology
1.1 Poor quality of grassroots promotion personnel
The successful promotion of aquaculture technology must also have a team with high professional quality. The construction level of the aquatic technology promotion team in China is uneven. The quality of the promotion personnel in provincial and prefecture level stations is high, and the quality of the personnel who go to the promotion stations at and below the county level is low, especially at the township and village levels. In addition, there are few grassroots promotion personnel, lack of professional knowledge, and pompous aquatic technology promotion work. The popularization of aquaculture technology at the grass-roots level depends on the technical personnel at the grass-roots level, who, due to their low level of science and technology and knowledge, and the lack of attention from the superior to the popularization, are unable to complete the popularization of aquaculture technology with quality and quantity guaranteed. In addition, the technical training of employees carried out by grass-roots technology promotion organizations is relatively simple, which is far from meeting the requirements of breeding new varieties and disease prevention in aquaculture. It is precisely because the comprehensive quality of aquaculture technology promotion personnel is generally low, which directly leads to the poor promotion of aquaculture technology at the grass-roots level and the difficulty in implementing technical guidance and consulting services.
1.2 Promotion methods need to be improved, and aquatic technology promotion means are backward
With the reform of government institutions, the work of aquatic technology promotion has deficiencies in market prediction and analysis, fund-raising of aquatic technology, marketing and promotion of aquatic products, and product quality management. Aquatic technology promotion institutions have strong correspondence with administrative departments, and the excessive intervention of administrative departments has led to the weakening of the role of superior promotion departments. In addition, aquatic technology promotion means are backward, and the contradiction between supply and demand of aquatic technology is prominent. In China's aquatic technology promotion system, education, scientific research and aquatic reality are not closely linked, the efficiency of achievement transformation is low, fishermen are not receiving technical training and high-level education, the "industry university research" cooperation is not close, the demand for aquatic technology cannot be fed back to the R&D department in time, the new technology of the scientific research department serves the minority, and the audience of aquatic technology achievement promotion is not comprehensive.
1.3 Lack of promotion funds for grass-roots aquatic stations
In the work of grass-roots aquaculture technology promotion, there is also a lack of funds for technology promotion, which restricts the development and progress of grass-roots aquaculture technology promotion. The research and development and promotion of aquaculture technology need a lot of funds to support, but the actual situation is lack of funds, which directly leads to the lack of financial support for the work of aquaculture technology promotion personnel. In addition, due to the lack of funds and incentives, most of the aquaculture technology promotion staff can not mobilize their enthusiasm, and even regard the grass-roots aquaculture technology promotion as a burden, perfunctory and careless in the promotion process. In general, under the current aquatic technology promotion system, the structure, staffing and funding of the promotion organization are decided by the government, and the grass-roots promotion departments cannot get financial guarantee, which not only causes the loss of promotion talents, but also hinders the application of aquatic technology in fishery production.
2. Measures for popularizing aquaculture technology in rural areas
2.1 Strengthen training for promotion personnel
The number of grassroots aquatic science and technology promotion teams is too small, and their knowledge structure is relatively old to meet the needs of aquatic development. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the construction of aquatic science and technology teams, constantly optimize the team structure, and strengthen and improve the training mechanism. Strengthen training for on-the-job personnel to ensure that their knowledge structure can be optimized and they can master more new technologies, thus improving the overall quality of the work team. In view of the fact that there are few grassroots aquaculture technicians, the aquaculture department can regularly send experts to the grassroots for knowledge and technology training, as well as demonstration and guidance of new technologies. In addition, it is necessary to encourage and guide aquaculture technology promotion personnel to learn new knowledge, reduce their rejection of new technologies and ideas, and give full play to the enthusiasm of aquaculture promotion personnel. Only in this way can we better cooperate with technology promotion.
2.2 Accelerate and improve the construction of aquatic technology promotion system
Broaden the scope of aquatic technology services, strengthen the prediction and analysis of technology market, raising of aquatic technology funds, marketing and promotion of aquatic products, product quality management and other work. To weaken the administrative intervention, we should help the promotion agencies in terms of policies and funds to ensure that the aquatic technology promotion departments can better adapt to the development of the market economy. In addition, the promotion of aquaculture technology should be combined with the actual situation in rural areas, and the promotion of aquaculture technology should be linked with the market demand, the actual situation in rural areas and the actual needs of farmers. Moreover, it is necessary to enrich the means of aquatic technology promotion and realize diversified development of promotion methods. Promote the combination of scientific research, education and promotion of aquatic technology, transform the mechanism, standardize the operation mode, uniformly allocate promotion funds and materials, promote the close combination of scientific research and production of aquatic technology, and educational institutions grasp the needs of talents and technology to promote better integration of teaching and production.
2.3 Guarantee sufficient funds for aquaculture technology promotion
2.3.1 In view of the current situation of insufficient funds for grassroots aquaculture technology promotion, the support for technology promotion funds should be increased. The country should formulate relevant policies and formulate scientific amount of fund support every year according to the development of local aquaculture industry, so that grassroots aquaculture departments have sufficient funds for technology promotion, which is conducive to the development of local aquaculture, It will also correspondingly drive the development of other local industries and constantly promote the development of the local economy.
2.3.2 Grass roots aquaculture promotion departments such as villages and towns should fully consider the funding arrangements for grass-roots aquaculture technology promotion when making financial budgets, fully absorb social idle funds, and flexibly and properly use a variety of funding channels, which will greatly increase the promotion funds, and will not hinder the process of promotion due to lack of funds.
2.4 Provide technology promotion service platform
2.4.1 Technical guidance and training In recent years, under the leadership of the competent aquatic product department, some grass-roots aquatic product promotion organizations have continuously increased their technical guidance and training efforts to provide strong technical support for aquaculture farmers. For example, the demonstration, introduction and promotion of new technologies in the introduction of new varieties, the development of intensive, healthy aquaculture, efficient ecological aquaculture in ponds, fish disease prevention, ecological control of water quality and other technologies have further improved the coverage of improved varieties and the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements. In addition, by organizing exchange and learning, and carrying out various special trainings, it has cultivated professional backbone for aquaculture enterprises and improved breeding skills for farmers.
2.4.2 Provision of information and other services In recent years, through continuous improvement and enrichment of information services, aquaculture technology promotion institutions have provided seed, feed, disease prevention and control technology, new breeding technology, new ideas, new experience, etc. for the vast number of aquaculture farmers by means of radio, television, aquaculture information website and other means.
3 Conclusion
Part 2: Model of Aquaculture Technology
Key words: aquaculture; Ecological breeding; Ecological management; Breeding technology
At present, the domestic technology related to aquaculture has developed rapidly, and aquaculture and related industries have also developed rapidly. The overall social and economic benefits of aquaculture have been significantly improved. With the continuous development of our society and economic progress, the demand of the people and consumers for aquaculture products has gradually expanded. At present, the traditional fish pond aquaculture model has been unable to meet the overall demand of the market for aquaculture products. Therefore, in this stage of social development, aquatic product related researchers and aquaculture workers should pay attention to the development trend of the market, based on meeting the actual consumption needs of consumers, combine advanced modern science and technology to conduct ecological aquaculture, and improve the overall output of the aquaculture base and the final quality of products. In the process of implementing ecological aquaculture technology, relevant staff need to carry out reasonable and standardized seedling raising based on the existing ecological aquaculture technology, so as to improve the overall output of the aquaculture base and the quality of aquatic products.
1 Overview of ecological breeding technology
In the composition of traditional aquaculture models, traditional aquaculture technologies and management and control models often fail to perfectly ensure the final product quality of aquaculture. Aquatic organisms are vulnerable to water pollution, diseases and pests in the growth process, making it impossible to ensure the overall output and quality of aquatic products when harvested. At the same time, the traditional fish pond aquaculture mode will inevitably affect the surrounding ecological environment, and even pollute the surrounding water and soil. The ecological aquaculture technology is to introduce modern production and breeding mode and mechanical equipment into aquaculture, use scientific and technological means and technologies to create an artificial environment suitable for aquatic organisms to survive, standardize and reasonably use the sustainable development method to reduce the pollution caused by water products in the growth process, and protect the ecological environment of surrounding areas, Reduce the content of harmful bacteria and viruses in aquatic organisms' living environment, ensure that aquatic organisms can effectively avoid the impact of diseases during their growth, reduce the use of drugs, improve the final production quality of aquatic products, and ensure people's food health and safety. The use of ecological aquaculture technology in the production process of aquatic products can better adapt to the current consumer demand for food quality and safety requirements, effectively promote the further development of modern aquaculture technology, and provide continuous power for sustainable development [1]. Ecological aquaculture technology is the inevitable development direction of aquaculture in China at present. The most important thing is to integrate the natural environment and ecological conditions with modern scientific and technological means to replace the traditional fish pond breeding mode in China, improve economic benefits and protect the surrounding environment from the destruction of aquaculture production activities. Modern technical means can integrate the current aquaculture environment, conduct in-depth research on the current environment and the living conditions required for the growth and development of aquatic organisms, and create a more suitable aquaculture environment for aquatic organisms. The extensive application of ecological aquaculture technology in aquaculture can effectively improve the defects in the traditional fish pond aquaculture model, effectively expand the aquaculture production scale of aquaculture farmers, improve the final output of aquaculture bases and the actual quality of products, and create higher economic benefits for relevant practitioners. The green and pollution-free aquaculture can effectively reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the environment, thus reducing the outbreak of diseases in the aquaculture process, and protecting the economic benefits of aquaculture related personnel. On the whole, the introduction of ecological aquaculture technology into aquaculture is a green and pollution-free production mode.
2. Application of ecological aquaculture in aquaculture
2.1 Scientific breeding
In the process of aquaculture, whether scientific and reasonable breed selection can be carried out is the fundamental guarantee means to improve the final yield and quality of aquaculture. This shows the role of scientific breeding and selection in the process of ecological aquaculture. Relevant staff and aquaculture farmers need to fully consider and apply scientific breed selection before formally carrying out aquaculture activities. When carrying out ecological breeding work, relevant staff need to conduct field investigation and comprehensive analysis on the surrounding natural environment and ecological environment, conduct overall research on the growth characteristics of aquaculture organisms and the required growth environment conditions, scientifically and normatively select and breed breeding varieties, According to the local ecological environment and natural environment, select aquatic species that can adapt to the local climate environment. In the process of breeding, relevant staff and researchers also need to conduct centralized analysis and research on the differences between aquatic organisms and their own growth characteristics, and breed aquatic organisms to improve their immunity to diseases and improve their overall health quality, Scientific and standardized selection of aquatic species or cultivation and breeding of new species [2]. In the process of selecting aquatic products, relevant staff and researchers should also judge the breeding sites according to the adaptability of different varieties to the new environment and the corresponding characteristics of varieties, try to adapt to local conditions, standardize the use of resources in the aquatic base and improve the efficiency of the use of internal facilities in the aquatic base. Choosing a suitable growth environment for different aquatic species can effectively improve the survival rate of aquatic seedlings, increase the growth rate of seedlings and larvae, reduce various breeding problems that are easy to occur during aquaculture, reduce business risks and improve the economic benefits of aquaculture. Make use of the coexistence relationship and living habits of different aquatic species and varieties to create a high-quality aquatic living environment with rich biological chain levels, and promote the formation of a relatively complete miniature ecosystem within the aquaculture base.
2.2 Improve the water quality of the breeding base
Aquatic organisms often have relatively high requirements for living water quality during their growth. Whether they can provide a good living environment for aquatic organisms in the process of aquaculture can often directly affect the final production output and product quality of aquaculture. Therefore, in order to ensure the actual economic benefits of aquaculture workers and the output quality of actual products, aquaculture researchers need to standardize and improve the water quality in the aquaculture base according to the water quality requirements of aquatic organisms for the growth environment, and create a growth environment suitable for the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. The introduction of ecological aquaculture technology in the process of modern aquaculture will put forward higher requirements for the internal environment of the aquaculture base. The standardized ecological aquaculture technology requires relevant staff to strictly control the overall environment of the aquaculture base, reduce the problems such as excessive harmful substances in water caused by water source pollution, and minimize the pollution of aquaculture to surrounding areas. In the production process of ecological aquaculture technology, relevant staff and aquaculture farmers are required to strictly screen the aquaculture base to ensure that the water resources inside the base and the surrounding natural environment can meet the basic growth needs of most aquatic species and varieties, so as to promote the further promotion and application of ecological aquaculture in aquaculture. As for the site selection of aquaculture bases, they should be far away from factories and relevant production bases that cause pollution to water sources and the surrounding environment, so as to ensure that the water resources in the aquaculture bases can be kept clean and sanitary. At the same time, relevant staff and researchers also need to pay attention to the local traffic conditions and traffic infrastructure problems in the process of selecting the water source location, and try to choose a geographical location with convenient transportation for the construction of the aquatic base to ensure that aquatic products will not deteriorate due to traffic problems during transportation, Protect the property safety of aquaculture farmers and the food health and safety of consumers [3]. After the site selection of the aquaculture base is completed, the relevant researchers need to assist the aquaculture farmers to further improve the water sources used in the base, analyze the trace elements and microorganisms contained in the water body, and make targeted replenishment for the substances lacking in the water body, so as to further improve the quality of water resources. After completing the water body improvement work, relevant staff also need to conduct regular inspection on the water source inside the aquaculture base, so that they can find and improve the water body in the first time when problems occur, to ensure the normal and healthy growth of aquatic organisms, to ensure the final product production quality and output of the aquaculture base, and to improve the economic benefits of aquaculture farmers.
2.3 Strengthen centralized control over water bodies and feed management
In the process of modern ecological breeding, in order to achieve ecological breeding standards, it is often necessary to use advanced science and technology to conduct real-time monitoring inside the breeding base, and use digital information technology to conduct unified and standardized management and control of water quality problems, nutrient content, water temperature, water oxygen content, etc. inside the breeding base. In this way, each indicator can be compared in real time during the growth of aquatic organisms, problems and related hidden dangers in the aquaculture process can be found in time, and complete response plans and solutions can be provided for aquaculture farmers and relevant management personnel at the first time. For example, in the process of ecological aquaculture, relevant staff are required to strengthen the management of water quality, regularly detect the microorganisms and trace elements contained in the water body, and monitor the actual health status of aquatic organisms in real time to timely supplement the nutrients missing in the water body. When aquatic organisms have problems themselves, relevant management personnel can also find problems in time and deal with them accordingly to reduce disease outbreaks and ensure the overall health of aquatic organisms. Compared with other aquaculture organisms, the adaptability of aquatic organisms to temperature changes and their ability to resist diseases are relatively poor during the growth process. At this time, when the climate environment is cooled or heated on a large scale, ecological aquaculture technology can ensure that the temperature of water in the aquaculture base is relatively appropriate, It can ensure to maintain the demand of aquatic organisms for water temperature during their growth. In terms of aquatic biological feeding, the demand for feed among different aquatic species and varieties is quite different. Relevant staff and researchers need to conduct targeted scientific feeding based on the differences among varieties. At the same time, the demand of aquatic organisms for feed varies greatly in different growth stages, so relevant staff and aquatic base management personnel are required to reasonably select breeding varieties and feed, so as to ensure that aquatic organisms can obtain sufficient nutrition supply in the growth process, and ensure that the nutrients in the feed can meet the actual growth demand of aquatic organisms. Therefore, in the process of feed selection, we should actively avoid low-quality feed, reduce the use of hormones and antibiotics in the feeding process, and strictly add illegal drugs to the feed, such as growth promoting hormones and excessive antibiotics, in order to ensure the balance of internal nutrient content in the water body and the final quality of aquatic products [4].
3 Conclusion
With the continuous expansion of consumer demand for aquatic products, ecological aquaculture technology has gradually become an important measure and development direction to ensure production and quality in aquaculture in China. Ecological aquaculture technology has its own green and pollution-free production characteristics, which is perfectly adapted to the current national conditions in China, and has a fundamental determinant for improving the final product quality of aquatic products. Therefore, our aquaculture practitioners should further improve their own ecological aquaculture technology, improve the technical standards of ecological aquaculture, further optimize the original traditional aquaculture model, so as to achieve high yield and quality, optimize the surrounding ecological environment, protect the original water resources, and improve the social benefits of aquaculture and the economic benefits of aquaculture farmers.
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Part 3: Model of Aquaculture Technology
Key words: ecological breeding technology; Aquaculture; Drainage system; Habitat; Oxygen enrichment equipment
1 Analysis of technical characteristics of aquaculture
1.1 Seedling selection
In the actual aquaculture process, seedling selection is a basic work content, but it has a more direct and far-reaching impact on the subsequent aquaculture benefits and quality, which shows its importance. In the selection process, we should try to avoid inbreeding seedlings, but choose healthy, disease-free seedlings, and focus on its economic value. Only in this way can we guarantee the maximization of economic benefits of the aquaculture industry.
1.2 Feed feeding
In the process of aquaculture, feed feeding is also a key link. The quality of feed will directly affect the growth and development of seedlings, and will also have a certain impact on water quality. Therefore, technicians must choose high-quality feed. The feeding method should also be reasonable, try to avoid feeding oversaturation and insufficiency, and plan the time scientifically. The size and quality of feed shall be mutually adaptive to the growth of organisms, and shall be fixed at fixed time and quantity. The feeding amount, size and time shall be determined according to the change of weather, so as to provide high-quality conditions for the healthy growth and development of seedlings.
1.3 Drugs
In the process of aquaculture, certain diseases will inevitably occur. In view of this problem, technicians should find, solve, prevent and combine prevention and control in a timely manner. The drugs used shall comply with the national regulations, otherwise they will endanger the healthy growth of seedlings, and even cause death in serious cases. In the process of medication, technicians need to make reasonable allocation and accurately grasp the dosage, so as to truly achieve the goal of getting rid of the disease.
1.4 Environment
In the process of selecting aquaculture sites, the first task is to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the surrounding environment, not only to have good water source conditions, but also to be as far away from the industrial park as possible to avoid water pollution. Water source identification must conform to national standards and regulations. When the pond is reconstructed, the excess sludge shall be removed as far as possible, and sterilization shall be carried out by freezing, sunshine and other methods, so as to completely remove the harmful substances in it and accelerate its decomposition. During the construction of fish ponds, the standardization and normalization of construction shall be ensured as far as possible, and the drainage system shall be improved. In combination with the growth habits of seedlings, establish suitable habitats, such as planting aquatic plants, creating caves, etc., to maximize the naturalization of the water environment and provide favorable conditions for the healthy growth of organisms.
2. Application analysis of ecological aquaculture technology in aquaculture
2.1 Build a perfect ecosystem
Compared with the previous ecosystem, the aquaculture ecosystem is more comprehensive and scientific, which regards aquatic organisms as the main body of the system. In this process, a perfect recycling system should be established to realize the recycling of waste and gradually form a benign ecological chain. In this system, certain oxygen can be generated through photosynthesis of green plants to provide necessary conditions for the survival and respiration of aquatic organisms. The carbon dioxide gas generated will also be absorbed by green plants, and plants can also decompose the excreta of aquatic organisms, thus forming a benign ecological cycle system. Through the application of ecological aquaculture technology, energy recycling is realized, which can maintain the balance and stability of aquatic ecology, which is also the key to the long-term stable development of aquaculture.
2.2 Optimize aquaculture system
In the process of aquaculture, technicians need to reasonably control the oxygen concentration and temperature. Aquatic organisms have their adaptive temperature range during their growth. Only within this range can they grow healthily and rapidly. In the process of oxygen control, it is generally prohibited to over enrich oxygen. If necessary, oxygen enrichment equipment can be used to optimize control. In the biological system, due to the photosynthesis of green plants, under normal circumstances, there will be no hypoxia problem, but because the photosynthesis of plants is weak at night, and they begin to breathe, so they will absorb a lot of oxygen. Therefore, in order to avoid the oxygen deficiency problem of aquatic organisms at night, technicians can add oxygen increasing machines according to the actual situation, This will provide a good space for aquaculture.
2.3 Environmental control
In the ecological aquaculture system, there are often many pollutants that harm the water quality. Therefore, technicians need to scientifically control the pollutants. To achieve the stability of the water aquaculture system, the first task is to ensure the stability of each subsystem. If the problem of exceeding the standard of microorganisms occurs, it is very easy to disturb the balance relationship between various sub ecosystems, thus falling into chaos, which will adversely affect the normal growth of organisms. Therefore, this problem should be highly valued by technicians. The specific methods are as follows: use microbial agents to control the number of microorganisms; The seedlings shall be treated with drugs to make them have a certain immunity, so as to improve disease resistance and defense. Ecological breeding technology also requires that reasonable breeding standards should be formulated through appropriate techniques and methods, and each link should be strictly controlled, such as seedling selection, drug selection, oxygen concentration control, temperature control, feeding planning, etc., so as to gradually form a complete management system to ensure the rationality and scientificity of the ecosystem.
3 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Model of Aquaculture Technology
Key words: ecological breeding; Aquaculture; Breeding technology; Traditional aquatic products
In many areas of our country, the aquaculture technology of aquatic products has long used the freshwater aquaculture mode, following the traditional artificial aquaculture mode. This aquaculture model only focuses on the scale and quantity of aquaculture, and does not focus on the variety and quality of aquatic products. Traditional artificial breeding has many defects. Under the restriction of traditional breeding technology, it will lead to ecological environment pollution and high cost, which cannot meet the needs of production and life today. With people's attention to food safety, ecological breeding technology came into being. Ecological aquaculture technology can not only ensure the quality and output of aquatic products, but also protect the ecological environment. Recycling technology can make the most effective use of resources and solve the problem of inconvenient operation of traditional aquaculture. Ecological aquaculture uses machinery and equipment to scientifically breed aquatic products, which liberates people's hands to a certain extent and greatly reduces human costs. Scientific and reasonable ecological aquaculture has reduced the degree of environmental pollution, promoted the sustainable development of aquaculture, and improved the safety of aquatic products.
1 Concept of ecological aquaculture
Ecological aquaculture refers to the artificial simulation of the natural environment where aquatic products live, the application of advanced technology in aquaculture, the use of pollution-free breeding methods to reduce the probability of disease of aquatic products, improve the health of aquatic products, provide users with more green and healthy food, scientific and reasonable ecological aquaculture technology, and improve the overall level of the aquatic product market.
2. Defects of traditional aquaculture
2.1 Environmental pollution and waste
Traditional artificial aquaculture has caused a lot of waste of resources and damaged the ecological environment to a certain extent. Water pollution caused by the discharge of some chemicals has led to problems in the quality of aquatic products, and the discharge of waste generated by aquaculture has once again aggravated environmental pollution and even threatened the safety of human drinking water.
2.2 Diseases of aquatic products often occur
Traditional artificial aquaculture only pays attention to quantity and output, ignoring the quality of aquatic products. Diseases of aquatic products often occur. Aquatic product farmers choose to overuse drugs in order to improve income, which leads to problems such as drug residues in some aquatic products due to non-standard drug use, and then leads to the decline of the quality of aquatic products. The quality of aquatic products is not guaranteed, and people's food safety is threatened, which will inevitably hinder the progress of the aquatic product industry to a certain extent.
2.3 Backward breeding equipment
Although China is rich in water resources, the development of aquaculture is late, and the concentration of aquaculture needs to be improved. The breeding equipment and tools of most farmers are relatively backward, which cannot meet the requirements of modern humans for aquatic products. In the traditional artificial breeding, the living space of aquatic products is limited and the living environment is not guaranteed, and the water in and out of the breeding pool is difficult. The aquatic products live in this environment for a long time, so the quality of the breeding industry is not guaranteed.
2.4 Backward selection of seedlings
It is difficult to breed improved varieties through artificial breeding. The selection of aquatic products in China, such as silver carp and bighead carp, is still wild and unimproved, so it is difficult to breed improved varieties. As some aquatic products are wild species, they cannot adapt to the changes in the breeding environment (density, space, nutrition, etc.), and are prone to large-scale death.
2.5 Rough farming
There are many feedstuffs needed for aquaculture. The feedstuffs for aquaculture in China are basically fed in the form of raw materials. The quality of raw products affects the quality of aquatic products' ecological environment, and this rough breeding method will break the ecological balance of nature to a certain extent.
2.6 Limited breeding space
The aquaculture space is relatively limited. Aquatic product farmers usually adopt intensive aquaculture in order to obtain higher benefits, which will destroy the balance of the ecosystem due to material and other reasons. The population density of the ecosystem is small, the food chain is short, and the stability of the ecosystem is poor, leading to diseases, etc.
3 Technical elements of ecological aquaculture
3.1 Environment selection
It is better to keep away from the industrial park when conducting ecological breeding to ensure the safety of water quality. The water for breeding aquatic products should be the water that has been identified as the source of water and must comply with the national regulations. When reforming the breeding pool, it must be thoroughly sterilized, and the harmful and toxic substances in it must be completely removed. The water inlet and drainage system of the pool must be complete. The ecological environment of the aquaculture pool should be similar to the natural ecological environment. The aquatic plants in the aquaculture pool should be moderate to avoid affecting the growth and development of aquatic products due to excessive aquatic plants.
3.2 Selection of seedlings
The selection of seedlings in aquaculture has a great impact on the follow-up benefits and quality of aquaculture. We should select excellent seedlings, abandon inbred seedlings, and select some seedlings with strong disease resistance and easy survival. According to the breeding environment, fish and vegetables are co cultured, and fungi are cultivated to protect the environment of the breeding pool.
3.3 Selection of feed
The overall development of aquatic product feed in China is relatively backward, and the feed imported from abroad is more. The feed in China is in shortage, so we need to increase research and development efforts to upgrade the feed. The quality of feed determines the quality of aquatic products. The research on aquatic products feed in China is more than 40 years later than that in foreign countries. The nutrition structure of feed is not accurate enough, and feed will also have a great impact on the living environment of aquatic products. Scientific and reasonable feeding methods are required. The size, specification and quality of feed should change accordingly according to different aquatic products.
3.4 Selection of drugs
In the breeding process of aquatic products, disease problems of aquatic products are unavoidable. The farmers should choose appropriate drugs when they put drugs on them. The amount of drugs should be appropriate. The drugs used should comply with national regulations. When selecting drugs, they should try to choose drugs that have little impact on the growth and development of aquatic products.
4 Application of ecological aquaculture technology in aquaculture
4.1 Establish a healthy breeding concept
Breeders should establish a healthy concept of aquaculture, not blindly pursuing economic benefits. They should have a long-term vision, provide high-quality and excellent living environment for aquatic products, and adopt scientific and reasonable breeding methods to improve the quality of aquatic products and their resistance to harsh environments. Breeders should select excellent seedlings, abandon inbred seedlings, select some seedlings with strong disease resistance and easy survival, and use advanced methods such as bioengineering to purify the water body of aquaculture ponds, so as to ensure that the environment for aquatic products is green and pollution-free.
4.2 Establish a sound ecological environment
The ecosystem of aquatic products must be comprehensive and scientific. In the ecosystem of aquatic products, aquatic products are the leading role. We must establish a perfect system, make full use of various resources, scientifically and reasonably arrange the oxygen content, temperature, species of plants and fungi in the ecosystem, and build an endogenous benign ecosystem.
4.3 Strictly control the stability of ecosystem
The growth and reproduction of aquatic products cannot be separated from the stability of the ecosystem. The stability of the ecological environment is conducive to the better growth of aquatic products. It is necessary to prevent harmful toxic waste from polluting the water body, increase the species diversity of the ecosystem, simulate the natural ecosystem, select drugs that have less impact on the growth and development of aquatic products as far as possible, and use the symbiotic principle, Plant plants such as aquatic plants and fungi to improve the disease resistance of aquatic products and the stability of ecosystems according to the principles of synergy and mixed breeding.
5 Conclusion
The aquaculture of aquatic products should adopt green and pollution-free ecological aquaculture technology, and build a sound ecological environment aquaculture system. Ecological aquaculture technology can not only ensure the quality and output of aquatic products, but also protect the ecological environment. Recycling technology can make the most effective use of resources and solve the problem of inconvenient operation of traditional aquaculture. Scientific and reasonable ecological aquaculture not only reduces the pollution to the environment, but also promotes the sustainable development of aquaculture and improves the safety of aquatic products.
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Chapter 5: Model of Aquaculture Technology
1、 Main problems in the development of aquaculture technology
（1） Reproduction and breeding problems In addition to several common freshwater cultured fishes, such as carp, grass carp, bighead carp, white lotus, crucian carp, catfish, freshwater white pomfret, tilapia, etc., which are well domesticated, many aquatic organisms in Luoyang are basically wild type, such as black fish (snakehead) and catfish, which have not undergone genetic improvement during domestication, In addition to retaining the advantage of strong adaptability to environmental temperature and other changes, the wild type is more manifested as inadaptability to changes in the breeding environment, such as density changes, nutritional conditions, pathogen invasion and deteriorating water environment.
（2） With the increase of aquaculture varieties and the continuous expansion of the scale, the degree of aquaculture intensification (production per 667m2 in 1980-1994 was less than 2000kg, and production per 667m2 in 1995-2015 was 3000~4000kg) continued to increase. The frequent introduction among regions in Henan province makes the frequency of fish diseases high. The specific performance is that the disease occurrence area is more and more extensive, the prevention and control is more and more difficult, the disease occurrence time is earlier, and the season is longer. These reasons lead to more and more losses in freshwater aquaculture.
（3） Analysis of aquaculture environmental problems With the rapid development of Luoyang's industrial production (GDP in 2019 was 503.5 billion yuan), the impact of industrial sewage on the environment of fishery waters is increasingly obvious. In the protection of fish resources, there has always been a phenomenon of light resources and heavy emphasis on aquaculture, which has led to the difficulty in listing the topics related to resources in the plan, or has been listed in the aquatic animal and plant reserves, famous and excellent planning areas in characteristic regions (such as Luoyang Yellow River Carp Yiluo River Reserve, Luoyang Yibu Fish Reserve, etc.) because of the lack of professional and technical personnel and funds, and the stagnation or slow progress. However, some low-level topics in aquaculture are repeated.
（4） Aquatic technology promotion problems Luoyang's weak aquatic technology promotion force is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, there is a certain gap between the functions of the promotion agencies and those of 17 cities in the country and the province, especially in the prediction and analysis of pre production market information, helping service objects raise funds, helping farmers and fishermen sell fish products after delivery, product quality and safety management There is a big gap in water environment management. Second, the funds for aquatic technology promotion are seriously insufficient, and the investment intensity of aquatic technology promotion in Luoyang has been low.
2、 Thoughts on further developing aquaculture technology
（1） Strengthen the technical promotion and basic research analysis of fishery industry 1. Carry out exploratory basic research on molecular biotechnology in fishery production practice. On the basis of more than 30 years of development, Luoyang's beach aquaculture industry has gradually carried out and introduced exploratory research work of molecular biotechnology and other advanced technologies, such as the Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute in Mengjin, Luoyang, and the pond paddy field mixed culture of fish and frogs in Mengjin Huimeng Kouma Cooperative. Aquaculture biotechnology can be described as the scientific application of biological concepts in various fields of aquaculture to improve its output and economic benefits. Biotechnology involves a wide range of applications, which can be used to promote the production and management of aquaculture. 2. Promote the application and exploratory research of disease control technology in practical work. Infectious diseases in fishery and aquaculture are the most serious problem in aquaculture, and threaten various breeding varieties in actual aquaculture production. In the actual aquaculture, especially the scab, bubble disease, gill rot and scale rot disease, pathogen disease and virus disease, dead fish from unknown pollution sources in high-yield ponds, the conventional methods and drugs to control diseases, but chemical drugs are ineffective for many new pathogens, especially virus diseases. 3. Feed technology update and test in actual breeding. The utilization of fish meal and other animal protein in aquatic feed is the most common problem in aquaculture in Luoyang. Although fish meal has high-quality protein content, it also has several disadvantages, including high cost and unstable supply. The annual demand of fish meal protein for fishery and aquaculture in Luoyang City is 1000t, and the market demand is large and the research potential is wide.
