BEIJING, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Education, in order to guide children and adolescents to use their eyes scientifically, work regularly and take the initiative to prevent myopia during the winter vacation, the National Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents' Myopia Education Group has revised and formed 20 Q&A on multi scene myopia prevention and control during the 2024 winter vacation based on the preliminary work, providing scientific guidance for children, adolescents and parents to answer questions and solve questions.
1、 Active prevention: early detection and early prevention
1. Why is winter vacation the key period for myopia prevention and control?
A: The winter vacation lasts for a long time, during which the Spring Festival comes again. There are more visits to relatives and friends and family gatherings. Children and adolescents are prone to irregular life, lack of outdoor activities, long-term use of eyes at close quarters, etc., which is likely to cause myopia or deepen myopia. Advocate parents to establish the concept of scientific child rearing, guide children and adolescents to reasonably plan their holiday life, work and rest regularly, and actively participate in physical exercise, housework, social practice, public welfare activities, etc.
2. Do you want to have your eyesight checked in winter vacation?
Answer: Primary and middle school students are in a sensitive period of refractive development. Regular vision and diopter examinations can clearly understand the children's hyperopia reserves or myopia, and achieve early detection, early warning and early intervention. Parents should take the initiative to pay attention to the child's eye health. If they find that the child has symptoms such as squinting, frowning, head tilt, and vision loss, they should take the child to a regular medical institution for inspection in a timely manner.
3. Why should we pay attention to children's hyperopia reserves?
Answer: There are thousands of measures to prevent and control myopia, and the first is prevention first. Hyperopia reserve is an important indicator to monitor the development of diopter. Due to too much early use of close eyes, some children and adolescents have consumed hyperopia reserve at the age of 6, and they are very likely to develop into myopia in primary school. Under normal circumstances, 6-year-old children should have+1.0 -+1.5D hyperopia reserve. Parents should take more outdoor activities with their children during the winter vacation, reduce their children's close eye use, and effectively protect their children's hyperopia reserves.
2、 Outdoor sports: not staying at home, more outdoors
4. How long is outdoor activity effective in preventing myopia?
Answer: Outdoor activities are the most effective and economical way to prevent myopia. Outdoor activities can be carried out intermittently, which can increase the frequency of outdoor activities. It is recommended that outdoor activities in the sun should not be less than 2 hours a day and 14 hours a week in total. The key of outdoor activities is "outdoor", not the content, mode and intensity of activities.
5. Do not want to go out in cold weather in winter vacation, can indoor activities prevent myopia?
Answer: The effect of myopia prevention and control in indoor activities is not ideal. The indoor vision is not wide, the light intensity is not enough, and the outdoor activities are the key to prevent myopia. Even if the outdoor temperature is low, you should often go outdoors when doing well in cold protection and warmth preservation.
6. Is outdoor activities effective in preventing and controlling myopia on cloudy days?
Answer: The outdoor light intensity on cloudy days is much higher than that indoors. Outdoor activities on cloudy days have certain effects on myopia prevention and control.
7. What outdoor sports can be recommended?
A: All kinds of ball games are good outdoor sports. When playing ball, both eyes can track the ball's far and near movement tracks, which can effectively exercise the ciliary muscles and promote the blood circulation of the eyes. Running, doing exercises, group play, games, and walking are all good outdoor sports.
3、 Extracurricular reading: upright posture, bright feet
8. Will reading paper books for a long time hurt your eyes?
A: Reading books is less harmful to the eyes than watching electronic screens. Improper reading posture and too long use of eyes in close proximity will cause eye fatigue. When reading, pay attention to the timely rest, and the maximum duration of eye use shall not exceed 40 minutes. The younger the child, the shorter the duration of eye use.
9. What is the correct sitting posture when reading at home in winter vacation?
Answer: Correct sitting posture can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of myopia. When writing and reading, the distance between eyes should be reasonable, the head should be upright, and the principle of "one foot, one fist, one inch" should be adhered to, that is, the eyes should be one foot away from the book (about 33cm), the chest should be one fist away from the table edge (about 10cm), and the fingers holding the pen should be one inch away from the pen tip (about 3cm). Don't read on the table, bed or sofa, or in the moving carriage.
10. What's the light requirement for winter reading?
Answer: Children need good lighting when they study. Irrational lighting will bring adverse effects to children's eyes. Parents should put their children's desks in a place with good indoor lighting, and make full use of natural light for lighting during daytime study to avoid direct light on the desk. In addition to turning on the desk lamp for lighting at night, appropriate background auxiliary light sources should also be used indoors to reduce the indoor light and shade difference and keep the desk light in harmony with the surrounding environment. The desk lamp should have a lampshade and be placed in front of the opposite side of the writer.
4、 Electronics: screen selection and duration control
11. How long is the video screen suitable for staying at home in winter vacation?
A: You should take a break when watching the electronic screen. It is recommended that you look up 20 feet (6 meters) away for at least 20 seconds after watching the screen for 20 minutes, that is, the "20-20-20" formula. Children under 3 years old should avoid contacting electronic products as much as possible, and preschool children should use electronic products as little as possible. Children and adolescents should not spend more than one hour on recreational video every day. The younger the age, the shorter the time of continuous use of electronic products.
12. What factors should be paid attention to when selecting electronic products?
A: The video screen uses electronic products. It is recommended to use the projector, TV, computer and tablet in the order of use. Mobile phones are not recommended. The general principle is that the larger the screen, the higher the resolution, and adjust the brightness according to the environment. When the surrounding environment is dark, the room lighting should be turned on to avoid using electronic products in a dark environment.
13. How far is the distance suitable for watching TV and using the computer?
A: When watching TV, your eyes should be more than 3 meters away from the TV screen or 6 times the length of the diagonal of the TV screen. When using the computer, the distance between the eyes and the computer screen should be more than 50 cm, and the line of sight should be slightly downward. The center of the computer screen should be about 10 cm below the line of sight of the eyes, which can effectively reduce eye dryness and visual fatigue.
5、 Scientific eye care: pay attention to health care and prevent fatigue
14. What should I do if I feel my eyes dry and tired?
A: If you use electronic products for a long time, it is easy to cause discomfort such as dry eyes and visual fatigue. You can give your eyes a full rest by closing your eyes, looking into the distance, and doing eye exercises correctly. Keep the appropriate indoor temperature and humidity, blink your eyes more to fully wet your eyes with tears. Hot compress is one of the effective methods to alleviate the dryness and fatigue of eyes. Some eyes are serious, so artificial tears can be used to relieve symptoms or go to a regular medical institution for vision and diopter tests.
15. Do eye exercises help control myopia?
Answer: Traditional acupoint eye exercises is a massage therapy based on Chinese massage, acupoint massage and sports medicine. It can stimulate nerves, promote blood circulation, relax eye muscles and relieve eye fatigue by massaging the acupoints and skin muscles around the eyes. When doing eye exercises, pay attention to clean your hands, find the correct acupoints, and use the proper strength to feel the acid swelling. Clinical research shows that doing eye exercises can reduce the lag of adjustment, improve subjective visual fatigue and help control myopia compared with not doing eye exercises.
16. Can the "eye protection mode" of electronic equipment protect eyes?
Answer: "Eye protection mode" is to adjust the color temperature and brightness of the mobile phone screen to the warm yellow color system, reduce the blue light emitted by the screen, and make the screen less dazzling. However, the biggest damage to the eyes caused by electronic products such as mobile phones is visual fatigue caused by long-time close eye use. Therefore, even if mobile phones and other electronic products have opened the "eye protection mode", if they are used for a long time, they will not produce eye protection effect, nor can they prevent and control myopia.
6、 Regular work and rest: sufficient sleep, not picky about food
17. What can adequate sleep do to protect eyesight?
A: Adequate sleep is not only important for the physical growth of children and adolescents, but also beneficial to visual development. It is suggested that parents should set an example by not staying up late in winter vacation and Spring Festival holiday, guide children to work and rest regularly, and get enough sleep. Children and primary school students should sleep at least 10 hours a day, junior high school students should sleep at least 9 hours, and senior high school students should sleep at least 8 hours a day.
18. What should we pay attention to in winter vacation to prevent myopia?
Answer: During the Spring Festival, there are many dinners. We should avoid overeating and achieve balanced nutrition. We should eat more vegetables and fruits, and eat a moderate amount of high-quality protein such as fish, bean products and eggs. We can also eat a moderate amount of carrots, blueberries and other foods rich in vitamins beneficial to the eyes. We should eat less sweets, carbon acid drinks and fried foods.
7、 Intervention and correction: progress control and frequent review
19. What should I do if I find myopia or myopia is progressing fast?
Answer: Go to a regular medical institution for examination. According to the doctor's suggestion, mydriasis optometry can be performed, and scientific correction can be carried out according to the doctor's advice. Do not believe that myopia can be cured and other false propaganda. At present, there are many means and methods that can be used to prevent and control myopia. They can be selected under the guidance of doctors according to their own conditions, and they should be reviewed regularly.
20. Why should we control the progress of myopia and prevent it from developing into high myopia?
A: High myopia is harmful. It is not only easy for the eyeball to protrude and affect the appearance of the eye, but also causes the eyeball wall to become thinner, leading to pathological changes in the eyeball structure. High myopia is often accompanied by fundus complications, that is, pathological myopia. It is one of the main diseases that lead to low vision and blindness. High myopia should be highly valued and fundus examinations should be performed regularly.
