(l) Basic concepts1) Cross section shape of right angle fillet weld: as shown in Figure 6-18, it is often referred to as fillet weld because it belongs to most engineering applications.The two leg sizes of most fillet welds are equal and hf. The weld surface is slightly convex as shown in Figure 6-18 (a). A few of fillet welds adopt unequal leg sizes or concave surfaces as required, as shown in Figure 6-18 (b) and Figure 6-18 (c).
2015 Class I certified public architect architectural structure guidance: calculation and structure of right angle fillet weld - Figure 1
Special statement: This material belongs to the sharing uploaded by usersDownloaded content, only for learning, not for commercial use. If there is any copyright problem, please timelycontactStation delete!
According to the project proposal and basic design data, propose the project composition and overall concept.It includes: space requirements, space scale, space combination, use mode, environmental protection, structural modeling, equipment system, building area, project investment, a complete implementation project plan of the construction cycle, etc., providing a basis for further development and realization of design.The preliminary planning of this design is the first half of the normal business of foreign architects.
In order to ensure proper land use intensity and normal operation of urban public facilities, the site design must carry out corresponding control of capacity.
41. The building area of the pipeline well is calculated according to the natural floor of the building42. The building area of column rain cover shall be calculated according to the horizontal projection area of the periphery of the column and door hopper43. The lighting well (window well) in the basement does not include the building area44. The building area of the lift well shall be calculated according to the natural floor of the building
1. The actual cost of the construction project is the final settlement price of completion2. Construction project cost is the sum of one-time costs for the planned reproduction of fixed assets and the formation of corresponding intangible assets and initial working capital of the construction project
Urban green space is used to plant trees, flowers and plants and arrange supporting facilities. It is basically covered by green plants and endowed with certain functions and uses.Urban green space is the basic material element of urban natural environment. At the same time, the quality and quantity of urban green space is one of the symbols reflecting urban ecological quality, life quality and urban civilization.
Land use planning in suburban areas1. FunctionsSuburb is an indispensable part of urban organism.(1) Provide a good ecological environment;(2) Provide distribution space for urban facilities;(3) Supply agricultural and sideline products to urban areas;(4) As a recreational base for citizens;
Formation of preliminary design work.In the international construction market, architects are basically employed by the owners to start the development of construction projects for or in cooperation with the owners, that is, to draw up bold design documents with practical value and strong control, including evaluation, project approval, budget estimate and planning.
According to the current design system in China, the work of architects in the stage of scheme (preliminary) design, technical design and construction drawing design is similar to that of many foreign countries. The main differences are:
(1) Resources.The construction project should make full use of natural resources, such as mineral resources, forests, biology, soil, surface and groundwater resources.It also includes human resources such as artificial building and chiseling, historical relics found in archaeology, and gardens of previous dynasties.
(1) General layout1. Site functional zoning.Any selected building land shall be restricted by the surrounding buildings or environment, such as sunshine, ventilation, noise and geological structure.As a group, there are primary and secondary requirements. As a single building, there are more requirements for the main facade and main entrance.To start the design of a building site, first of all, the zoning layout should be made.For example, hospital: deal with outpatient service
Building density, also known as building coverage, refers to the percentage of all buildings in the construction land (construction base) in the total area of the base and the total area of the construction base.
1. Flat urban road networkThe basic form of the flat urban road network and even the road layout of the residential area focuses on the visual artistic effect of the plane composition.
Various pipelines shall be comprehensively arranged according to different characteristics and setting requirements.Certain horizontal spacing shall be ensured between pipelines and various buildings and structures on the site, and the minimum value shall meet the requirements in Table 8-6.In order to avoid the adverse impact of underground pipelines on the growth of trees on the site, and also to avoid the damage of tree roots to pipelines, the layout of underground pipelines and greening trees must also ensure a certain safety distance.
(1) The indoor clear height shall be calculated according to the vertical height from the ground to the ceiling or floor bottom;When the floor or roof overhang component affects the effective use of space, it is calculated according to the lower edge of the structure.
Outline requirements: basic mode of heat transfer Properties of moist air during radiation heat transferKey points: radiation ability of objects, surface heat transfer resistance, air humidityDifficulty: heat transfer coefficient radiation heat transfer
When the outdoor daily average temperature is steadily lower than 5 ℃ for 5 consecutive days, it is considered that the masonry works are in winter construction, and winter construction measures should be taken (except for the winter construction period, when the minimum temperature of the day is lower than 0 ℃, winter construction should also be taken).
Before the masonry of the infilled wall, the blocks shall be watered 2 days in advance. During the masonry of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, the masonry surface shall be watered appropriately.The masonry mortar joint of hollow brick and lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow block shall be 8~12mm. The thickness of horizontal mortar joint and the width of vertical mortar joint of autoclaved aerated concrete block masonry shall be 15mm and 20mm respectively. The mortar joint of infilled wall masonry shall be full, and its fullness shall reach more than 80%.
Urban public facilities are basically characterized by public interests and the public availability of facilities. The content setting and scale of urban public facilities are related to the function and scale of the city. The content and scale of urban public facilities to a certain extent reflect the nature of the city, the material and cultural life level of the city, and the degree of civilization of the city,Urban public facilities generally include buildings, sites, green spaces and ancillary equipment.
The adjustment of the overall plan of a city means that the people's government of the city makes partial changes to the approved overall plan according to the actual needs of the city's economic construction and social development.
All components of a city form a coordinated and organic whole through urban roads. Road traffic must meet the requirements of convenience, safety, speed and environmental landscape. Road functions must be clear and systematic to form a reasonable transportation network.
R Residential land Residential land, public service facilities land, road land and green land refer to various types of residential areas, residential neighborhoods, residential groups and unit living areas, which are divided into one, two, three and four types of residential land
(1) Select sections with superior environmental conditions for residential layout, which should have reasonable technical and economic indicators and compact land use.The combination of residential groups should also pay attention to functional requirements, such as sunshine, ventilation, density, orientation, spacing, noise prevention, quiet environment, etc., to meet the requirements of convenient living, safety, and management
1. The general layout design shall comprehensively consider the building layout, vertical, road, greening, pipeline and environmental protection according to the requirements of the design specification and urban planning.
a. Load bearing walls, columns and their positioning axes and axis numbers, positions, numbers and positioning dimensions of internal and external doors and windows, opening direction of doors, and room name or number;
Masonry works include brick masonry works, small concrete hollow block works, stone masonry works, reinforced masonry works, infilled wall masonry works, etc.
Using wave acoustics to deal with indoor acoustics is to solve the acoustic wave equation satisfying certain boundary conditions from the physical essence of acoustic waves.The discussion here is limited to standing waves and room resonance.
The method of geometric acoustics is to ignore the wave nature of sound, ignore interference and diffraction, and replace the sound energy radiated from the sound source with sound rays.Sound lines represent the direction and path of sound propagation.When the sound ray encounters the interface or obstacles, part of the energy is absorbed, and the reflected sound is generated at the same time.
It refers to the comparison and demonstration of possible construction schemes and technical schemes and the prediction of economic benefits after completion through the investigation, research and analysis of engineering, technical, economic and other conditions and conditions related to the project before the decision of the construction project.To achieve technological advancement, applicability and economic profitability rationality
(1) Hotel1. The base selection shall meet the basic conditions such as local urban planning requirements.2. Convenient communication with stations, docks, airports and various transportation routes.3. All kinds of hotels built in the city should consider using the original municipal facilities to shorten the construction period.
1. Human behavior factors, different nationalities, different lifestyles and religious beliefs, history, current humanistic culture, and requirements for architectural functions and forms.
The architectural structure test questions and answers of the first class architects in 2020 are effective in personal tests. You are welcome to download them for reference.
Small concrete hollow block masonry works1. Quality requirements for small block masonryThe age of small blocks used in construction shall not be less than 28d. The mortar used should be special small block masonry mortar.
General rules for civil building design (I) Building durability (determined by the main structure) Class I above 100 years for important buildings and high-rise buildings Class II 50-100 years for general buildings Class III 25-50 years for secondary buildings Class IV below 15 years for temporary buildings
Although the design of various sites varies according to the nature, scale, natural conditions and construction conditions, the following basic principles should generally be followed in combination with the actual situation of the site:
Technology is the accumulation of human civilization and practical experience. While materializing, it is also being spiritualized and aestheticized.In the process of continuous evolution of contemporary landscape design, new technologies can not only enable us to more freely reproduce natural beauty, but also create supernatural artificial wonders.It not only greatly improves the methods and materials we use for landscaping, but also brings a new aesthetic concept - technical aesthetics.
This information is the grading standard of the examination questions of first-class certified public architects collected by me over the years, and the points deducted are listed in detail