Preface: I have sorted out 5 reference examples of indoor energy-saving design for you, for your reference. I hope it can help you get inspiration in writing and make your articles more rich and profound.
Part 1: Model of Indoor Energy Saving Design
key word: indoor Design; Energy conservation; Material Science; Technology application
0 Preface
Nowadays, in people's interior decoration design, too much attention is paid to the high-end decoration style. The selected building materials are expensive, and the interior decoration style tends to be luxurious. This decoration concept has gradually become the mainstream. However, such decoration style has also caused serious damage to the environment. Many building materials also contain harmful substances such as formaldehyde, which also has a serious impact on people's health. Therefore, in modern interior design, the selection of materials and the design scheme should be improved. Our country has also introduced relevant laws and policies on building design energy conservation, and put forward clear requirements on energy-saving building materials. For example, the promulgation of the "Energy Saving Building Standard" has made the activity of energy conservation and environmental protection legal. Designers should focus on environmental protection and promote energy-saving technology in decoration to achieve ideal decoration effect.
1 Energy saving application in interior design scheme
1.1 Division of indoor functions
From the perspective of environmental protection and energy conservation, interior design should follow the principle of simplicity and practicality, abandon those overly flashy designs, and advocate simple design concepts. The main purpose of interior design is to provide a high-quality living environment, ensure indoor comfort, and also reflect the development concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. Taking interior design as a breakthrough, the first emphasis in the interior design scheme is the rational division of interior space. Good indoor space layout can not only bring people a comfortable feeling, but also achieve reasonable lighting. [ 1] If there is no planning in the design of indoor space, it will cause many problems in indoor lighting and ventilation. Therefore, the indoor functions must be reasonably divided, so that they can not only ensure the indoor beauty, but also achieve the role of environmental protection and energy conservation. In the interior design, the internal structure of the space should be taken into consideration, and different use spaces should be divided, with less partitions to ensure that each space can be ventilated and have good lighting. In addition, in the interior decoration design, we should adhere to the simple design concept to avoid wasting money on some decoration. For example, the decoration of walls and ceilings should not be too flashy. Otherwise, it will not only fail to achieve the design effect, but also waste resources, which is a very energy-saving design behavior. Of course, in order to promote energy-saving and environment-friendly design, designers need to improve their awareness of environmental protection, master excellent design skills, select environment-friendly and energy-saving materials in the interior design scheme, and provide customers with environment-friendly and energy-saving interior design scheme.
1.2 Good lighting and visual effects
In the interior design, daylighting is the main factor that people consider. Whether the daylighting is good or not will not only affect the effect of the entire interior space design, but also affect people's living needs in the interior space. In interior design, good lighting needs to be controlled by lighting, but people often find it difficult to choose between decoration effect and energy saving. [ 2] At this time, it is necessary to fully consider the interior design and carry out different lighting design in different functional areas. This not only meets customer needs, but also can achieve the effect of energy conservation. For example, good light sources are needed in indoor dining areas, and energy-saving design can be adopted in leisure areas such as watching TV. Make reasonable planning for different areas to achieve the effect of energy conservation. In addition, color matching in decoration design is also the top priority of decoration. Good color matching effect can not only bring good visual effect, but also play the role of environmental protection and energy conservation. In the use of color in interior decoration, we should consider the impact of color matching on people's vision and psychology. Therefore, in the decoration design, it is necessary to understand the layout of the space, and under the effect of light, adjust the color to reconcile the cold and warm feelings. Warm colors give people a warm feeling. You can turn down the heater; In a cold color room, people may feel that the indoor temperature is low. At this time, it is necessary to turn on the air conditioner. This is also the difference in color brings people different feelings, which also achieves different degrees of energy-saving effects. In addition, some interior designs also adjust the interior color through soft decoration. For example, some curtains, wallpaper, etc. can also change with the seasons to achieve the same effect.
2 Energy saving application in the selection of interior design materials
In the interior decoration design, the first thing to consider is the decoration materials. Common decoration materials include wallpaper, wood, paint, etc. With the promotion of environmental protection concept and the development of advanced technology, many decoration materials have the performance of environmental protection and energy conservation, and should also be used in decoration design. [ 3] For example, in the selection of stone materials, marble used to be the majority, but now environmental protection and energy saving stone materials are mostly microcrystalline stone. In addition to the characteristics of stone materials in the past, this natural material has the main advantages of light quality, low price, and no pollution. This kind of stone can be widely used in decoration design. In the selection of wall materials, green and environment-friendly materials can be selected. We can not only focus on meeting the visual effects, but also ignore the promotion of the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. The traditional wall decoration uses wooden boards, while the current wall decoration uses cotton, hemp and other materials, and uses environment-friendly wallpaper. In addition, in the selection of paint, we used to choose some toxic materials, but now we have applied antibacterial technology in the development of paint. The developed paint is not only odorless and antibacterial, but also does not contain toxic chemicals, which has been widely used in decoration design. In the process of indoor decoration, when laying the floor, the floor material with the property of activated carbon is now applied, which can play the role of moisture insulation, changing the previous way of laying with a large number of adhesives. In family decoration, people used to use ceramics in the past. This building material is not only wasteful, but also not durable. You can use partition materials such as gypsum board, less aluminum alloy doors and windows, solid bricks, etc., and more plastic steel doors and windows. In addition, in the process of decoration, attention should also be paid to greening. Putting some green plants and green bonsai indoors can not only adjust the indoor temperature, but also relieve people's pressure and purify the air.
3 Application of energy-saving technology in interior design
3.1 Wall insulation technology
The wall should not only play the role of insulation, but also have the role of energy conservation. Therefore, the energy-saving technology of the wall came into being. In the past, the wall decoration was mainly to add several layers of thermal insulation materials to the main structure of the wall, while the energy-saving materials of the composite wall were mostly cotton, polystyrene and other thermal insulation materials. According to the different installation positions of composite materials and main wall structures, there are two types of thermal insulation technologies: internal and external. At present, external insulation technology is mainly applied, laying multi-layer insulation materials on the structure of the external wall, and external insulation technology is also the main insulation and energy saving technology vigorously promoted at present. Compared with internal insulation, external insulation has better energy-saving effect and obvious advantages in technology. It is not only suitable for new building structures, but also for the transformation of old buildings. External thermal insulation technology can reduce the heat of the building structure and increase the space of the building. In addition, South China also uses light colored decorative surfaces to reduce solar radiation on the basis of this external insulation technology.
3.2 Energy saving technology for window decoration
Windowed Energy saving design It is also the key point in decoration. Energy saving doors and windows should be selected to meet the requirements of heat preservation and sound insulation. Today's building decoration mostly uses glass thermal insulation film, which is equivalent to more than 20 cm thick walls, can block high heat, reduce the utilization rate of air conditioners, and has the function of thermal insulation, which can effectively maintain the indoor temperature. Another kind of glass film is low radiation glass film. This energy-saving and environment-friendly low radiation film has gradually been promoted and has been widely used in many developed countries. In addition, attention should be paid to reducing the decoration of heating in the interior decoration design to give play to its heat dissipation performance. In the interior decoration design, attention should be paid not to over decorate the radiator and neglect its heating function.
4 Conclusion
Interior design is an important part of the construction industry, and environmental protection and energy-saving design is a new concept for the development of the interior design industry. This requires designers to follow the design concept of environmental protection and energy saving, make rational use of environmental protection and energy saving materials, and develop environmental protection and energy saving technologies, so as to achieve both satisfactory design results and environmental protection and energy saving effects in the interior decoration design.
reference:
[1] Wang Chao, Zhou Bing, Xu Lanlan. Analysis on the Application of Energy Saving Technology in Architecture and Interior Design [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2008, 07 (01): 249-250
[2] Wang Jun. Application of green environmental protection and energy saving design concept in architectural interior design [J]. Modern Decoration (Theory), 2014, 04 (04): 19-20
Part 2: Model of Indoor Energy Saving Design
Key words: residential buildings; Interior design; Building energy conservation; strategy
The interior design of modern residential buildings has applied a large number of new materials, advanced technology and more scientific and rigorous design techniques to provide people with a more superior, comfortable and safe living environment. Its development speed is significantly faster than that of other periods in history. However, blindness also exists during the development period, which will lead to continuous environmental pollution and excessive consumption of earth resources and energy. At present, China has attached great importance to the study of energy conservation in residential buildings, paying more attention to the development of energy-saving building materials. The application of new processes, new thermal insulation doors and windows, and the adoption of new energy sources, such as solar energy, air energy, ground source heat pumps, ecological panels, are all new energy-saving and environmental protection technologies and materials. However, during the interior decoration period, many times these materials and technologies cannot be applied well synchronously, mainly because the designers at the interior design stage do not fully consider the energy-saving strategy or do not consider it thoroughly. The following is an in-depth study of building energy conservation strategies in the interior design of residential buildings.
1 Overview of building energy conservation in interior design of residential buildings
The main goal of interior design is to provide customers with a comfortable and safe living environment, and also to better meet people's living and production needs. During the interior design, designers should pay more attention to the following aspects. First of all, we should plan the function of architectural space scientifically. Understand what functional requirements customers put forward for buildings, maximize the energy saving standard of building interior design, and try to make scientific use of the lighting and ventilation of the original building, so that the designed space has a higher humanized energy saving characteristics, meet customer requirements and standards, and improve the service quality level. Secondly, take full account of the actual needs of customers, and make detailed statistics on the space proportion and size of buildings. In addition, it is the content of scientific and reasonable design of indoor space, that is, how to reasonably plan space, reasonably place indoor furniture and soft decoration, how to better design the lighting and ventilation of buildings, how to improve the quality of indoor color matching, and so on. In order to bring the residents better living conditions and working environment, during the interior design, we should fully apply modern technology, reasonably select new processes, advanced new equipment and new materials, and achieve the goal of significantly reducing indoor energy consumption. Building energy conservation is to rely on the energy conservation control of building design and construction to achieve a stable and sustainable development of the construction industry and save more unnecessary building resources. Interior design is a key aspect in building engineering, which can significantly improve the overall energy-saving effect of buildings.
2 Main factors affecting energy conservation in interior design
First, the interior decoration and spatial layout of the building. In the process of interior design, the space layout and interior decoration of buildings can have a certain degree of impact on the energy conservation of buildings. For example, if the building requires excessive ventilation, it may lead to poor indoor thermal insulation and reduce the thermal insulation; If the building is relatively closed during design, it will affect the normal indoor ventilation; If the residents blindly upgrade the indoor decoration level and excessively emphasize the decoration materials and equipment, the building energy consumption problem will also be raised. Secondly, use high energy consumption decoration equipment. During the work of indoor design, lighting equipment and air conditioning equipment are usually used, which will not have good adjustability and flexibility, resulting in a large amount of energy consumption in the application link. Some equipment is also easy to generate high heat in the application link, or generate large waste emissions, which will lead to energy consumption. Finally, decoration construction technology. People constantly improve the requirements and standards for the living environment, and pay more attention to the appearance of interior decoration, so they usually do not pay attention to the relationship and impact between buildings and the environment. For example, during the interior design of the building, the indoor environment, ventilation, lighting, etc., should be closely related to the external environment of the building. For the indoor environment, the building shape coefficient, the window, the material of the exterior wall, the size of the window, and other indicators can all have different degrees of influence. Once the above elements are not fully considered, It will consume a lot of energy.
3 Building Energy Saving Strategies in Interior Design of Residential Buildings
3.1 Adopt green and environment-friendly decoration materials
With the continuous development of high-tech, China has produced more green and environment-friendly materials, such as antibacterial, mildew proof, sterilization and deodorization ceramic glass products, efficient, non-toxic adhesives, moisture adjustable far-infrared inorganic interior wall coatings, etc., and applied new environment-friendly materials in energy-saving and ecological buildings and interior decoration systems, It can obviously enhance the self-cleaning of the system. In terms of green coatings, China actively develops and applies water-based interior wall coatings that meet environmental protection standards, such as water-based fluorocarbon coatings and negative ion health coatings, which can eliminate harmful gas pollution and purify indoor air; In terms of green environmental protection wallpaper, it not only has good decoration effect and high aesthetics, but also has high permeability and easy construction operation. It is widely used in indoor decoration. Compared with general building materials and coatings, wallpaper has less pollution. New environment-friendly wallpaper includes cloth based wallpaper, paper based wallpaper, diatomite wallpaper and plant wallpaper; In terms of healthy wood decoration materials, natural wood has high insulation performance, light weight, natural properties of moisture and temperature regulation, and natural texture, with significant advantages. Sci tech wood is a kind of healthy wood decoration material made of small diameter low-quality wood by drying, paving, sizing and hot pressing. Its raw materials and manufacturing process are environmentally friendly, so the finished product has high environmental performance and is widely used in furniture, veneers, floors and other fields.
3.2 Energy saving design of windows
The key aspect of building energy conservation is window energy conservation. By enhancing the thermal insulation performance of doors and windows, minimizing the energy consumption of doors and windows is the key guarantee to effectively improve the indoor thermal environment quality and improve the building energy conservation level. First of all, the number of window glass layers can be appropriately increased, and insulating glass can be adopted. By scientifically increasing the number of glass layers and appropriately expanding the distance between glasses, the thermal resistance value of glass can be improved and the thermal insulation performance of windows can be enhanced; Secondly, we should select the glass type scientifically. Ordinary glass has a large heat transfer coefficient. About half of the energy in the room is lost through glass conduction. The energy-saving window adopts energy-saving window frame materials and energy-saving glass to achieve better thermal insulation and air tightness. Special glass has been adopted in many areas, which has achieved good energy-saving effect. At present, heat reflection coated glass, Low-E glass, colored glass and other glass with high energy-saving quality are also being widely used; In addition, window frame materials with high thermal insulation performance shall be adopted. The way of heat loss of window frames is heat conduction. In many economically developed regions of China, the external windows of buildings adopt bridge cutoff aluminum alloy and plastic steel windows. In economically underdeveloped small and medium-sized towns, usually adopt non bridge cutoff aluminum alloy and plastic steel windows. The domestic aluminum processing and forming technology has reached localization, and the mainstream of building exterior windows will still be aluminum alloy windows.
3.3 Lighting design
The first is to make full use of the inexhaustible natural light. The natural light is safe, clean and has good light efficiency. During the interior design, designers need to use the sun visor and the light transmission coefficient of glass to scientifically control the natural light to obtain the optimal indoor daylight lighting effect; Second, high-quality and efficient lighting equipment should be adopted. When selecting lighting appliances, products with high safety, strong stability and long service life should be used. For example, promote and practice efficient electric light sources. Common high-quality and efficient energy-saving lamps include LED lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, high-frequency electrodeless lamps and metal halide lamps; It is very important to adopt energy-saving and college lighting electrical accessories. When selecting wiring equipment, it is necessary to ensure that it has a long service life, high transmission efficiency, high safety and reliability, and low power consumption. At present, it is an important task to replace traditional high-energy inductive ballasts with energy-saving inductive ballasts and electronic ballasts.
3.4 Rationality of furniture layout enclosure
For the indoor layout and furnishings, they need to be well adapted to the changes in the environment and climate, and can be easily and flexibly adjusted. Such adjustment can be achieved by re assembling furniture or replacing overlay cloth. For rooms with east-west windows, it is not only necessary to conduct active external shading and block solar radiation, but also to set curtains for blocking. Light colored and thin gauze curtains are placed on the outside to reflect a lot of radiation. If thick cloth curtains with deep color are used, they are placed on the inside to absorb strong light. On the one hand, they can save energy, and on the other hand, they can enhance indoor comfort.
3.5 Energy saving of air conditioning system
With the rapid development of air conditioning technology in China, scientific selection of air conditioning is also the key content of residential air conditioning energy saving. The split air conditioning system is a type of energy saving residential buildings, which can meet the air conditioning needs of different residents. The air conditioners generally operate intermittently for a short time and can be adjusted adaptively. The height of air conditioner installation can also significantly affect the energy saving effect of air conditioner. The operation condition of cold and hot airflow should adapt to the actual state of indoor human activities. The installation height of ordinary hang up air conditioners is usually about 1.8m. When indoor activities are carried out, the human body is mainly seated. Spaces beyond this standard are generally not within the range of activities. In summer, there is usually no gas convection in closed rooms. The hottest air gathers near the ceiling. At this time, refrigeration only needs to deal with the ambient temperature around the human body, Hot air above head height need not be considered. At this height, air conditioning and refrigeration can be realized quickly, and the benefit area will be expanded, finally achieving energy-saving effect.
4 Conclusion
In residential building energy conservation, indoor energy conservation accounts for a large proportion, and the quality of indoor energy conservation has a direct impact on the implementation of the energy conservation plan of the whole building. Adopt advanced energy-saving technology and comprehensive measures of interior design to transform the high energy consumption lifestyle into a low energy consumption social consumption mode, and at the same time, connect the characteristics of building space structure, maximize the use of natural resources, so as to better meet the functional and aesthetic needs, and create a more comfortable indoor environment, It will be an inevitable prerequisite for creating a sustainable human settlement environment, and will improve the technical content of the entire interior decoration project. About the author: Zhang Litu (1978 -), male, native place: Jilin, educational background: graduate student, professional title: teacher, engineer, research direction: environmental art design.
reference:
[1] Li Jiali, Ding Lihui, Zhang Chenhui, et al. Analysis of green residential building technology strategy in northern cold regions [J]. Building Materials and Decoration, 2019, (20): 102-103
[2] Sun Panpan. Strategies for energy conservation and insulation of residential buildings [J]. Digital Users, 2018,24 (13): 111
[3] Jiang Chaolin. Green Construction Technology in Building Decoration Engineering [J]. Modern State owned Enterprise Research, 2015, 10 (4)
[4] Feng Jianjun. Discussion on construction quality control of interior decoration and analysis of building energy conservation in design [J]. Decoration World, 2019, (20): 3
[5] Liu Cuiqin. Analysis of building energy saving ideas in construction quality control and design of building interior decoration [J]. Architectural Engineering Technology and Design, 2019, (29): 4079
[6] Li Qiong. Research on the Application of Energy saving and Environmental Protection Materials in the Design of Interior Environment of Buildings [J]. Building Materials Development Orientation (II), 2019, 17 (9): 184-185
[7] Yu Wei. Energy saving technical scheme for creating indoor thermal environment of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas based on energy consumption quota [J]. Building Energy Conservation, 2019,47 (10): 23-25
Part 3: Model of Indoor Energy Saving Design
As a new discipline, interior design is to use space function design and modern interior decoration and decoration design according to the building environment where people live, and to consider human culture, belief, personality, psychology, experience, economy and status, so as to make the modern interior environment meet human needs in terms of vision and function to the greatest extent. The style and popularity of interior design belong to the artistic modeling and spiritual category of the interior environment. However, due to the rapid deterioration of the earth environment and ecological problems, various problems caused by the rapid development of interior design have attracted more and more attention from all walks of life, because it almost contains and links all the contents of the relationship between human life and the natural environment. Therefore, with the arrival of the "green" period of architecture, interior design should also enter the "green" period simultaneously. Some traditional practices that are not conducive to environmental protection and energy conservation for a long time in China have attracted the attention of designers. The introduction of the introduction of "green" interior design introduction is undoubtedly good and will promote environmental protection and sustainable development in China.
2、 Concept of green design
People spend most of their lives indoors. Therefore, the indoor environment designed and innovated by people will directly affect people's safety, health, efficiency and comfort. The "green design" in the design field is also called ecological design, and the products designed by "green design" can be renovated and reused, which can protect the environment and avoid resource waste. The principles and methods of ecology should be applied in the design, aiming at the coordinated development of people, architecture, nature and society, and implemented in relevant fields through design behavior. Under the existing conditions, the best use of natural resources and the moderate development and transformation should be achieved as far as possible to reduce environmental pollution, establish a coordinated development mechanism and protect the ecological relationship. Seeking to create the best way and method suitable for human survival and development.
3、 Current status of environmental protection and energy conservation in interior design in China
At present, there is a deviation in the design concept in our country's interior design. When it comes to interior design decoration and fitment, people will habitually associate with the laying of the floor, painting of the wall and installation of ceiling shapes. Adding some items on the interface around the space is not enough to be called design or fitment, and people have already made the design redundant. These designs provide people with beautiful interfaces and storage space for practical items. However, from the perspective of environmental protection and energy conservation, there must be a waste and consumption of resources. In fact, the more materials used in the design, the greater the waste and consumption of resources, and the emission of various harmful gases, the more serious the indoor environmental pollution. So it seems that this design is neither energy-saving nor environmentally friendly. Interior design also has errors in behavior. Nowadays, with the upscale of interior design, people have turned the pursuit of high-quality life into the pursuit of luxury environment. The decoration is not only luxurious, but also the materials are valuable. All the year round, the spring like feeling is maintained by the power of energy. In order to compete for customers, people pay no price. From the design point of view, there is nothing wrong with luxury. From the perspective of environmental protection and energy conservation, it has seriously damaged resources and the natural ecological environment, resulting in energy depletion. The artificially created atmosphere deviates from the natural law of the four seasons, which directly leads to the decline of human immunity and resistance, causing health problems. The last aspect is the deviation in the design process. The design does not pay attention to soft design, land resource utilization, the application of natural materials, the rational use of natural light sources, and the ventilation of indoor environment.
4、 Understand the new concept of environmental protection and energy conservation in indoor green design
Today, with the development of interior design, it is not only a simple decoration, but also an "extension" of architectural design. It is an important component, including life, science and art. It also intersects with sociology, psychology, philosophy, economics, history, culture, religion, art and other humanities, as well as a series of natural sciences. Therefore, the content involved in the construction of interior design elements is quite complex and has a high technical content. In the interior green environmental protection design, this construction process has added new content, that is, to conform to the new concept of sustainable development of ecological energy conservation. Make this the leading element of the entire interior design, so that we can talk about the true meaning of "environmental protection". Interior green environmental protection design should first understand a new concept of ecological energy conservation, and adjust people's behavior mode according to the concept of ecological energy conservation, which is also the difference between interior green environmental protection design and traditional decoration design. The traditional decoration concept is a kind of nature built up with its own philosophy and cultural characteristics, and people-oriented slogan. This will make the whole natural system collapse. The indoor green environmental protection design is a new construction mode proposed by human beings when they see the defects of traditional decoration concepts. The purpose and premise of people's environmental protection is to meet the basic requirements of human beings and their desire to improve the quality of life on this basis. Human beings should control their own needs and be limited within the range of ecological nature, so as to leave sufficient living space for future generations.
5、 Indoor green environmental protection design cannot be separated from plants
Part 4: Model of Indoor Energy Saving Design
[Key words] Severe cold area; Building energy conservation; measures
With the gradual deepening of environmental awareness, in order to effectively implement the relevant laws and regulations of our country, it is necessary to fully strengthen the design of building energy conservation, which is mainly aimed at the building environment in cold regions of our country, and can improve the effective use of heating and air-conditioning energy. As the current energy resources in China are relatively scarce, it is necessary to effectively save resources and energy under the existing resource conditions, fully apply the corresponding energy-saving measures, improve the living environment in cold regions, effectively improve the energy efficiency of indoor heating and air conditioning, and do a good job in building energy conservation design. For the energy-saving design of buildings in severe cold areas, it is necessary to do a good job in the energy-saving design of buildings on the premise of ensuring the indoor thermal cycle and effectively controlling the energy consumption.
1 Relevant description of building energy conservation design
With the continuous development of the current social economy, the use of energy resources is gradually increasing, and with the gradual deepening of the social environmental protection concept, some environmental protection concepts and technologies are gradually applied to the energy-saving design of buildings. For the energy-saving design of buildings, energy-saving materials and energy-saving technologies are usually applied to them The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall and roof is designed to design energy-saving measures in line with the building, which can also reduce energy consumption to a certain extent. As for the design of building shape, it has a lot to do with the building shape, plane layout, and wind collection and ventilation. Most of our houses are designed to face south, which can take into account the sunshine and wind protection in winter, and sun protection and ventilation in summer. Therefore, for reasonably determining the shape of the building, it is necessary to fully consider the local climate conditions, The peripheral protection area of the room can effectively achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
2 Energy saving design factors of residential buildings in severe cold regions of China
The climate characteristics of severe cold areas in China are divided into two parts: severe cold and cold. Building energy consumption is relatively large. The energy saving design of buildings needs to be considered from the overall layout, which can maximize the use of resources and energy in winter, and to a certain extent achieve the goal of energy conservation. For the energy conservation design of buildings, it is usually designed from the aspects of building envelope and heating system energy conservation. The energy conservation design of building envelope mainly focuses on the energy conservation design of roof, exterior wall, doors and windows, etc. The energy conservation design of wall is the most critical and complex part. The building structure envelope in cold areas is relatively simple, It is difficult to meet the requirements of thermal insulation and heat insulation. In order to effectively meet the energy saving needs of current buildings, the energy-saving design of building walls is also the mainstream of development. For the energy-saving design of buildings in cold regions in China, in order to improve the thermal resistance of building envelope and prevent the condensation of insulation layer, it is necessary to use the external wall insulation technology, which can reduce the additional heat loss to a certain extent. For the internal solid wall, it can effectively store heat and keep the indoor temperature in a relatively stable state, The external wall thermal insulation system in cold areas mainly uses the external wall thermal insulation system of polystyrene board to stick the thermal insulation materials on the outside of the building. The thermal insulation effect is also relatively significant. Considering the difficulty of construction and the maturity of technology, the external wall thermal insulation system has relatively high overall performance, and has good wind pressure resistance and fire resistance, It has strong adaptability and is the most widely used energy-saving product in severe cold regions.
3 Energy saving design measures for buildings in severe cold regions in China
The energy-saving design of buildings is usually divided into overall planning and single building design. The overall design of buildings needs to start from the overall site selection, orientation and layout of building communities. Through the layout of the overall community of buildings, a local environmental climate can be created. The design of single building needs to be carried out from the aspects of internal space, window and wall area of the building. The energy-saving design of buildings in severe cold regions in China needs to be carried out on the basis of ensuring that the thermal quality will not be reduced. The quality of the overall building can be improved by adopting effective design and selecting appropriate materials.
3.1 Design of indoor floor
For the design of building floors in severe cold areas, it is necessary to add a layer of thermal insulation material to ensure the indoor temperature. In order to prevent the indoor temperature from emitting and the outside cold air from entering, it is also necessary to strengthen the insulation of basement walls to reduce the heat transfer in the room. In the building, it is possible to increase the temperature of the contact part between the wall corner and the ground to avoid the exposure of the wall corner, It is necessary to maintain the temperature by setting insulation layer.
3.2 Design of building orientation
For cold regions, the heat source in winter is mainly solar radiation, so the orientation and shape of buildings need to be designed according to the solar radiation. In order to obtain greater daily radiation and reduce the heat loss caused by cold air, the type of buildings needs to be determined. For example, in the cold area of the northwest, the buildings facing south need to use a semicircle structure to expand the light surface, and at the same time, increase the depth of the building to better absorb solar radiation. According to relevant research, the length width ratio of the building is 5:1, so more solar radiation can be obtained. The overall orientation of the building needs to use a north-south direction, which can reduce the heat dissipation of the building. In winter, it is necessary to ensure that a certain amount of sunlight can enter the room. In summer, it is necessary to do a good job of shading to ensure the overall ventilation of the room, which can effectively achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
3.3 Energy saving design of building roof
For the energy conservation design of buildings in severe cold areas, in addition to the energy conservation design of building exterior walls and doors and windows, it is also necessary to strengthen the energy conservation and insulation design of building roofs. For the energy conservation design of roof insulation, great attention should be paid to it. Generally, the insulation layer of the roof should not select insulation materials with large water absorption to prevent reducing the overall insulation effect of the building. The traditional roof insulation layer is mainly composed of structural layer, insulation layer and waterproof layer in sequence. The traditional insulation material needs to be replaced, and a kind of asbestos tile is used as the insulation material to ensure the overall heat insulation and waterproof performance of the roof. In addition, the slope of the building roof will also affect the reception of sunlight. It is necessary to pay attention to the design of the building's sunshine spacing, and design the overall orientation and sunshine spacing of the building in combination with relevant external factors. At the same time, the house layout also needs to consider the slope and aspect, and the sunshine spacing will also change with the change of the slope, The design standards need to be considered within a certain range.
4 Conclusion
To sum up, for the energy-saving design of buildings, various external factors need to be taken into account, and the energy-saving design of buildings is also a technology with high technical content, which involves a relatively wide range of areas. It usually needs to apply various advanced technologies and energy-saving materials, pay attention to the implementation of environmental protection and energy-saving measures, and in the actual energy-saving design of buildings, It is necessary to take various factors into consideration within the design scope, pay attention to constantly summarizing experience in practice, and combine the geographical environment characteristics of cold regions to effectively use resources.
reference
[1] Qiao Liang, Liu Doudou. Analysis of key technologies for energy conservation of rural residential buildings in severe cold areas [J]. Science and Technology Economic Guide, 2016 (35): 6-7
[2] Yu Chunlei. Research on energy-saving design of underground garage in residential quarters in severe cold areas [D]. Shenyang University of Architecture and Architecture, 2016
Part 5: Model of Indoor Energy Saving Design
Key words: construction engineering; Energy conservation; Design
introduction
Under the background of urbanization, the number of construction projects has gradually increased. On the basis of meeting people's housing needs, it has effectively driven social and economic development. Compared with other industries, the construction engineering industry is a high energy consumption industry, which needs to invest more materials, equipment and human resources in specific project construction. At the same time, the material consumption is large, which deviates from the theme of developing low-carbon economy and is not conducive to the sustainable development of social economy. Based on this, it is necessary to carry out building energy conservation design from the design stage.
1 Principles and significance of building energy conservation design
1.1 Basic principles of building energy conservation design
Under the concept of sustainable development, building energy-saving buildings has become the main trend of the construction engineering industry. Based on the concept of building energy conservation, in the initial design stage, we should pay attention to the principles of energy conservation, green environmental protection and extended service life [1]. As far as the principle of energy conservation is concerned, designers should use new materials for engineering design as far as possible, and reasonably plan the overall structure of the building, so as to reduce the material consumption in the later construction process and reflect the concept of energy conservation. In the traditional architectural design, the use of building materials and technologies is likely to cause major environmental pollution problems. Under the concept of building energy conservation design, it is necessary to ensure that the green environmental protection indicators of buildings meet the industry standards. Therefore, in the actual design, the principle of green environmental protection should also be highlighted to achieve the coordination between the building structure and the surrounding ecological environment. In addition, the application of new materials and new technologies should be conducive to optimizing the overall service function of the building. At the same time, the new design should significantly improve the stability, durability and safety of the building, and provide convenience for people's living and social production.
1.2 Significance of building energy conservation design
Energy saving buildings have been widely used in the current project construction for their superior quality, economic and ecological benefits. It is an important form of the current construction project construction, and also the main trend of the future development of buildings. From the perspective of the design and application process of energy-saving buildings, it has the following practical significance: First, in the traditional design and construction of building projects, materials such as steel bars and cement are widely used. Although these materials can ensure the overall construction quality of the project, they have brought about serious energy waste problems. At the same time, the discharge of construction waste gas, waste liquid and waste residue has caused serious environmental pollution. Building energy conservation design can solve the problems of environmental pollution and energy waste in building construction under the support of new materials and new processes, with good ecological benefits. Secondly, energy-saving buildings are an important measure to develop low-carbon economy. In the actual design, they focus on the consideration of building energy use on the basis of ensuring the building quality, which effectively reduces the loss of project construction resources and energy, and meets the requirements of healthy and sustainable economic development. Thirdly, China has put forward a sustainable development strategy. Under this background, building energy-saving design can realize the transformation of the development mode of the construction industry and provide guarantee for the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy.
2 Key points of building energy conservation design
2.1 Building ventilation design
As a key link of architectural project design, ventilation design has a profound impact on the quality of the later application of buildings. When the ventilation design does not meet the use conditions of the house, the air quality of the house will be affected, and the energy loss in the use process will be increased. At present, air conditioning is the main equipment for auxiliary ventilation of buildings, which will bring large power loss during use, affecting the development level of energy-saving buildings [2] (see Table 1). At this stage, building ventilation design guided by energy-saving buildings not only pays attention to the rationality of the building layout scheme, but also considers the actual ventilation conditions, effectively avoiding the problem of poor indoor air circulation. When the indoor ventilation conditions are good, it can reduce the use of air conditioning and achieve the purpose of controlling building energy consumption.
2.2 Building lighting design
The lighting condition is directly related to the overall use effect of the building. Under the concept of energy-saving buildings, the following key points should be taken into account in the design of housing lighting conditions: first, it should ensure that the interior of the house has sufficient lighting conditions, and people should have comfortable and warm living experience in the process of housing; Secondly, the coordination between lighting design and indoor lighting design should be realized, that is, the indoor lighting loss should be minimized to achieve the effect of building energy conservation; Thirdly, the indoor temperature should also be considered, because when the light is excessively irradiated, the indoor temperature will rise straightly, and when the heat dissipation conditions are unreasonable, people need to adjust the indoor temperature through air conditioning equipment, which will lead to large energy consumption. Therefore, the basic requirements for the design of building lighting conditions are to consider the indoor temperature factor and achieve the coordination of light and temperature factors, At the same time, it is also the internal need of energy-saving building design.
2.3 Building exterior wall design
External wall energy conservation design is mainly reflected in the building external wall insulation technology [3]. As the structural support of buildings, external walls play an important role in maintaining room temperature and exchanging internal and external temperatures in addition to ensuring the stability and safety of buildings. In recent years, the external wall insulation technology has developed rapidly, which can not only effectively improve the indoor living environment of buildings, but also achieve good energy saving effect. Specifically, in northern China, the outdoor environment is cold in winter. In architectural design, people can increase the design of thermal insulation materials, which can ensure that the indoor temperature of the building is appropriate and reduce the winter heating consumption; In the southern region, the application of external wall insulation materials has reduced the indoor cooling power consumption, and the building energy-saving benefits are more prominent. It should be noted that the external wall insulation technology not only realizes the overall planning of building functions and energy saving needs, but also does not affect the internal space of the building. It should become a key point of modern construction project design, and continue to optimize and innovate the construction process in the future design.
2.4 Building energy conservation technology
At this stage, we should also pay attention to the effective application of a variety of energy-saving technologies for building energy-saving design. At present, solar energy technology, geothermal energy technology, heat pump technology, etc. are the main forms of application of building energy conservation technology. In actual design, the application scale of these technologies in housing construction should be increased, which can not only save energy, but also effectively reduce the environmental problems caused by conventional energy consumption. For example, solar energy is a relatively mature energy-saving technology at present. In architectural design, we should increase the application of solar thermal storage equipment and power generation equipment, maximize the improvement of building service functions, and achieve the coordination of building energy conservation and people's functional needs. It should be noted that the application of some building energy-saving technologies requires high cost expenditure, so in the actual design, the relationship between energy-saving technologies and project costs should also be coordinated to achieve the organic unity of the two.
2.5 Building energy-saving materials
The use of energy-saving materials is one of the key points in the energy-saving design of buildings. In the new era, people's design requirements for building energy efficiency are constantly improving, and the application of energy-saving materials in engineering projects is increasingly common. At present, the types of building energy-saving materials are very rich. As far as new wall materials are concerned, they include clay hollow bricks, clay bricks mixed with waste materials, non clay bricks, building blocks, aerated concrete, composite panels and other new materials. Among thermal insulation materials, there are mineral wool, rock wool, glass wool, foam plastics and porous polymers. In addition, new waterproof materials such as asphalt felt, synthetic polymer waterproof coiled material and building waterproof coating are also widely used. These materials not only meet the needs of housing construction, but also have low cost and can effectively meet the needs of building energy conservation. It should be noted that for the use of new materials, not only their energy saving and economic indicators should be considered, but also their performance indicators should be strictly controlled to prevent engineering quality problems. For example, when designing to use concrete hollow brick masonry, a new energy-saving masonry material, it is necessary to strictly design the proportion of raw materials such as sand, fly ash and cement, and pay attention to their specifications and compressive strength design. Generally, the specification of concrete hollow brick masonry is 390mm × 190mm × 190mm, and the average compressive strength can reach more than 7.5MPa, Only on the basis of ensuring the quality of the project and deepening the design of energy saving materials can we maximize the benefits of project construction [4].
3 Precautions for building energy conservation design
3.1 Focus on building site selection
In order to ensure the optimization of building energy efficiency design, effective planning of building site selection should also be carried out at the initial stage of design. As far as site selection design is concerned, the designers carefully and comprehensively carry out the survey of the construction area, master the local natural conditions and surrounding environment, and determine the optimal layout points of the buildings, so as to ensure that the appropriate climate environment is always maintained during the service life of the buildings, thus reducing the energy consumption caused by the climate environment. For example, in the northern region, the site selection of houses should be designed at the shelter, which can effectively save energy.
3.2 Optimize the plane layout
Different architectural layouts and plane forms have their own characteristics, which are mainly affected by the local natural environment. When designing the layout of the house plane, it is necessary to reasonably design the ventilation environment in combination with the manufacturing conditions to ensure good indoor ventilation and temperature. For example, as far as the open rectangular plane is concerned, when the windows open to both ends are perpendicular to the local mainstream wind direction in summer, the indoor ventilation environment is better, which can reduce the use of cooling equipment, and the energy-saving effect is more prominent. In the flat plane design, the shared wall should be reduced as much as possible, and then the ventilation gap should be increased through the corridor or other related parts to achieve the effect of heat dissipation and cooling.
3.3 Ensure environmental coordination
In the design of energy-saving buildings, designers should also consider the coordination with the surrounding environment on the basis of the design of the building itself. Specifically, if only the energy-saving technology is applied without considering the external environment, the external environment will be affected to varying degrees, and even the effect of building energy-saving design will be reduced. Therefore, in the actual design, the functional needs of the building should be considered, and the external environment layout design should be carried out reasonably. At the same time, in the design, the external microclimate environment should be considered to achieve the unity of the main body of the building and the external environment. For example, in the energy-saving design, taking into account the external environment greening, not only can play the role of purifying the air, but also can block sand and reduce noise, which reduces the expenditure of corresponding functional materials and ensures the balance between energy conservation and ecological relations.
4 Conclusion
Building energy-saving design has a profound impact on the application of building functions and overall benefits. In modern architectural design, only when designers accurately grasp the principles and significance of energy-saving design, and on the basis of reasonable design of building ventilation, lighting, exterior wall, energy-saving technology and energy-saving materials, strengthen the systematic management of site selection, plane design and internal and external environment coordination, can they effectively improve the quality of building energy-saving design and promote the orderly development of the construction industry.
reference:
[1] Gao Mingliang. Analysis on the Application of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Concept in Building HVAC Design [J]. Building Materials and Decoration, 2020 (07): 141-142
[2] Zhan Zilong. Analysis on Building Electrical Design and Energy Saving Measures of Residential Quarters [J]. Science and Technology Economic Guide, 2019, 27 (34): 50, 47
[3] Huang Zheng, Li Luyang. Analysis on Application and Embodiment of Energy saving and Environmental Protection Materials in Architectural Design [J]. China Housing Facilities, 2019 (11): 42-43
[4] Luo Yong. Analysis of effective energy-saving strategies in the electrical design of residential buildings [J]. Housing and Real Estate, 2019 (33): 83
