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Abstract: China Aquaculture It has developed rapidly, with a wide variety of aquaculture and a good momentum of development. How to prevent and control aquaculture animal disease Is the key factor of scientific breeding. The current situation and diseases of aquaculture animals in China were analyzed prevention and cure The development trend and prevention measures of aquaculture animal diseases were introduced.
Key words: aquatic products; breed; disease
1 Current situation of diseases of aquaculture animals in China
1.1 The disease is difficult to cure
Aquaculture animals live in water, so diseases are easy to recur and difficult to cure. Research It is found that the main types of diseases of aquaculture animals that cannot be cured are bacterial infectious diseases, viral infectious diseases and blood related diseases. These diseases have simple conditions, high incidence, rapid infection and high mortality. The death of aquaculture animals in a large area will bring some pollution to the water quality, and to a certain extent, it will cause a shortage of water resources, limiting the development of aquaculture industry [1].
1.2 New diseases continue to appear
There are many kinds of aquaculture animals. Breeding users lack of professional knowledge and fail to realize scientific breeding. In the process of breeding, there is a phenomenon that multiple species are breeding together. The different habits of farmed animals lead to the continuous emergence of new diseases, which brings certain difficulties to the prevention and treatment of diseases of farmed animals. Now all countries in the world are carrying out aquaculture. The introduction of foreign aquaculture animals may lead to the generation of new viruses, new bacteria, or even the emergence of new diseases, which will further drive the disease of aquaculture animals out of control, cause widespread deaths of aquaculture animals, and bring some economic losses to aquaculture farmers [2].
2 Development trend of disease prevention and control of aquaculture animals in China
2.1 Cultivate excellent aquaculture animal varieties
Aquatic animal breeding needs to pay attention to disease prevention and control of aquatic animals. The cultivation of aquaculture animals requires excellent varieties. The selection of aquaculture species also requires scientific optimization of aquaculture species according to the needs of the market. Cultivating varieties with certain resistance to viruses is an effective way to increase the survival of aquatic animals. Cultivating fine varieties of aquatic animals is a complex process. Many research institutions at home and abroad are investing in human and material resources to try to cultivate new varieties of aquatic animals. There are many methods in current research, such as gene recombination. The main way to increase the income of farmers is to select excellent varieties, summarize the breeding methods of aquatic animal varieties, and improve the survival rate of aquatic animals.
2.2 Scientific and rational use of drugs for disease prevention and control of aquaculture animals
It is the most direct method to use drugs to prevent and control diseases of aquaculture animals. But in the process of drug treatment, the use of drugs is not scientific enough. Some farmers give drugs to aquatic animals according to their experience, which sometimes aggravates the disease of aquatic animals and does not play a role in the treatment of aquatic animal diseases [3]. In the process of drug use, it is necessary to suit the remedy to the case. According to the actual situation of aquatic animal diseases, select drugs scientifically and reasonably, so that drugs can play a role in disease treatment. Safe drug use is a key factor in aquaculture. In the process of drug application, it is not only necessary to treat aquatic animal diseases, but also to comprehensively consider the impact on aquatic animals.
3. Prevention and control measures for diseases of aquaculture animals in China
3.1 Aquaculture systematization
The systematization of aquaculture is the need of the development of aquaculture industry, as well as the new requirement of social development for aquaculture industry. In the process of aquaculture, it must be standardized and knowledge popularization for aquaculture farmers should be strengthened. Arrange technicians to provide technical guidance for aquaculture, improve the scientificity of aquaculture, maximize the utilization of water resources, and reduce cross infection of viruses, bacteria, etc. The construction of aquaculture systematization plays an important role in reducing the occurrence of aquatic animal diseases and improving the quality of aquaculture, which is a key factor for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry [4].
3.2 Drug application
In the process of treatment of aquatic animal diseases, drug application is a commonly used treatment. However, in the process of drug use, it is necessary to use drugs scientifically and effectively according to the conditions of animal diseases. The more drugs, the better. Sometimes there will be side effects. Sometimes there will be bacteria, which will have a certain impact on water quality. It is necessary to scientifically and effectively control drugs and dosage to reduce the side effects of drugs [5].
4 Conclusion
Aquaculture is a complex process. Adopting scientific and effective methods to improve the aquaculture level of aquaculture farmers and ensure the survival rate of aquatic animals is an effective way to protect the interests of aquaculture farmers. In the process of aquaculture, scientific methods must be adopted to conduct scientific aquaculture according to the actual environment to ensure the health of aquatic animals and increase the income of farmers.
reference:
[1] Shen Zhongshan. Causes and preventive measures of diseases of aquaculture animals [J]. Guidelines for becoming rich in fishery, 2017 (14): 50-51
[2] Meng Siyu, Meng Changming, Chen Changfu. Chlorine dioxide is the first drug to prevent diseases of aquaculture animals [J]. Guidelines for Getting Rich in Fisheries, 2009 (03): 67-68
[3] Meng Siyu, Meng Changming, Chen Changfu. Preliminary Analysis on Epidemic Characteristics of Aquaculture Animal Diseases in China (Part 2) [J]. Scientific Fish Culture. 2009 (12): 77
[4] Yang Xianle. Health Management of Aquaculture Animals (II) [J]. Guidelines for Getting Rich in Fisheries. 2001 (06): 46-49
[5] Liu Tangshui, Wei Liying, Li Yuanguo, et al. Lectures on Practical New Technologies for Disease Prevention and Control of Aquaculture Animals Part II: Causes of Disease Occurrence of Aquaculture Animals [J]. Guidelines for Getting Rich in Fisheries. 2010 (03): 64-65
Author; Xia Yuguo Unit: Heilongjiang Vocational College of Biotechnology
