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Author: Yin Zi Unit: School of Economics and Management, Tongji University
At present, studies have been carried out either from the perspective of competition or from the perspective of cooperation Scientific and technological talents concurrence There is little research on. With the gradual maturity of regional integration in China, there are numerous studies on interregional talent cooperation, and talent competition mainly stays on the traditional competition theory.
Scientific and technological talents refer to those who have knowledge and ability to do creative work and make contributions to the construction of political, spiritual and material civilizations, including natural science, social science, management science, engineering technology and other talents. Research on regional competition for scientific and technological talents mainly focuses on enterprise talent competition strategy In terms of how to improve the talent advantage of the region, few studies have been carried out on the behavior and relationship between competitors. For example, Li Xiaozheng (2010) studied the talent competition strategy of regional governments under the open conditions with Shaanxi Province as the object; Ding Jin (2008) studied the regional talent competition behavior in Jiangsu Province and put forward countermeasures and suggestions; Wang Duanxu and Chen Shuai (2009) studied the strategy and motivation of talent competition among enterprises from the perspective of competition interaction.
The research on interregional human capital cooperation mainly focuses on the interests game between local governments, household registration system, administrative system, talent system and other factors in the region. For example, Chen Quanming and Cheng Xianwen (2008) studied regional talent cooperation, independent innovation and the rise of central China; Zhao Yanwen (2010) studied the absence of main functions in regional talent cooperation; Luo Rundong and Yang Xinming (2009) compared and studied the formation mode of human capital in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing Tianjin Hebei region by using panel data.
Competition and Cooperation of Scientific and Technological Talents in the Regional Integration of the Yangtze River Delta
1. The necessity of competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region. Competition and cooperation has become the main development trend among inter provincial marginal cities, and is an important way to realize the rapid economic development of inter provincial marginal cities and the coordinated development of inter provincial regions. Urban competition and cooperation is the advanced form of urban competition, and is the competition based on cooperation and cooperation. The integration process of the Yangtze River Delta economic circle has gradually formed the objective need for the rational and orderly allocation of talents in the region. Through cooperation, the local governments in the Yangtze River Delta can unblock the talent circulation channels and exchange mechanisms between regions, avoid excessive competition, and reduce repeated investment, which can make the Yangtze River Delta region as a whole produce talent accumulation effect, Improve the quantity and quality of the overall human capital in the Yangtze River Delta region. On the other hand, competition is conducive to the effective allocation of resources. The competition of human capital in the Yangtze River Delta region can enable human resource elements to achieve reasonable allocation in the human resource market through flow and selection, so as to share the benefits expanded through cooperation. Therefore, in the state of competition and cooperation, the final income of each party is higher than that in the state of pure competition or cooperation. With the promotion of the national strategy, due to China's new macro environment after the financial crisis, regional revitalization plans have been issued frequently. The competition between cities has begun to transform into the competition between regions. The strength of a single city has begun to appear weak. Even if it is as strong as Shanghai, it is difficult to compete with the entire Pearl River Delta. Cooperating with surrounding cities and implementing regional integration is the best choice for the Yangtze River Delta to enhance regional competitiveness and seek development. In the process of regional integration, scientific and technological talents, as the main carrier of production factors in the era of knowledge economy, promote the competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta is even more important.
2 The current situation of competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta. It is precisely because of the awareness of the importance of scientific and technological talent competition and cooperation for the growth of regional economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta that a series of government level talent cooperation at all levels began, marked by the signing of the Joint Declaration on the Integration of Talent Development in the Yangtze River Delta in 2003 by Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. In recent years, the sense of cooperation has been widely recognized in the process of competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region; The ways of cooperation are increasingly diversified; The cooperation period is becoming more and more long-term and institutionalized. On the other hand, the Yangtze River Delta region has launched a series of policies to compete for these talent resources flowing from all over the country. In terms of cooperation mode, the main form of talent cooperation among Yangtze River Delta regions is talent sharing, including project sharing, leasing sharing, outsourcing sharing, part-time sharing and migratory bird sharing. Its essence is the flexible flow of talents. Compared with the "rooted" rigid flow model, this flow model is more flexible and flexible, which to some extent meets the demand for talents in the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta.
3 Existing problems and cause analysis. Due to the influence of various factors, there are still many problems in the competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region, and these problems and conflicts are covered up by the rapid economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta. The existing problems are mainly reflected in the following aspects.
(1) The household registration system has restricted the flow of talents according to the market mechanism, reducing the efficiency of resource allocation. Although the household registration system is constantly reforming, it still cannot keep up with the pace of human capital development. Household registration affects many aspects of talents' professional title declaration, fund patent application, employment opportunities, social security, children's education, etc. Developed cities, especially Shanghai and Beijing, where resources are gathered, are even more difficult to find, which makes many talents flow to other places with "households" sighing.
(2) The lack of cooperation mechanism of the overall organization and the multiple functions of local governments lead to conflicts of interest. The talent cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta region is basically the signing of agreements or the establishment of joint meetings between the personnel departments of various regions. This organizational structure doomed the binding force of cooperation to ensure the implementation of various measures. However, the joint meeting does not have a special organization, nor does it constitute a direct supervisor of the personnel departments in various regions. In addition, the competition and cooperation of human capital often need to be linked with other departments, which greatly reduces their coordination and guidance ability. Some good policies may not be implemented because they do not meet the interests of some subjects.
(3) Speculation in the process of local government cooperation game under the lack of effective legal constraints. At present, there is no corresponding legal norm for talent cooperation between regional local governments, and there is no mandatory force to ensure the implementation of the cooperation agreement. Therefore, compliance with the cooperation depends on the income expectation of local governments in competition and cooperation. Under the current administrative system in China, local governments are not only central government people, but also representatives of local interests. At the same time, they are also related to the political promotion of local officials. They have multiple roles and are prone to conflict of interests. Once it is difficult to achieve the expected goals, the local government may no longer comply with the cooperation agreement.
(4) The similarity of industrial structure among regions is high. Resource sharing and industrial structure complementation are an important driving factor to promote the competition and cooperation of human capital, while the cities in the Yangtze River Delta have similar internal natural resource endowments, and the internal industrial isomorphism in the Yangtze River Delta has been maintained at a high level for many years, which has greatly hindered the process of human capital competition and cooperation. The highly similar industrial structure has resulted in vicious competition among cities, inefficient allocation of resources and chaos in the market, which has brought a great negative impact on human capital cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Model construction and countermeasures
1 Construction of the competition and cooperation model of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region. The relationship between competition and cooperation gives the following two benefits to the competing parties: obtaining new resources through cooperation, and innovating in new fields through competition?. The mechanism of competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region lies in that, under a series of driving factors, the overall benefits are expanded through cooperation among all parties, and the benefits are distributed among all parties through competition. Cooperation is the premise and the basis of competition. Competition makes the benefits reasonably distributed and greater than non competition and cooperation, which in turn promotes deeper cooperation and forms a virtuous circle, Based on the existing theory and the actual situation of the Yangtze River Delta, this paper constructs the competition and cooperation model of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region. In the model, it can be seen that the driving factors constitute the prerequisite for competition and cooperation. Only when there are enough driving factors can local governments in different regions be motivated to adopt competition and cooperation strategies. The driving factors are mainly resource differences and cooperation benefits. The driving factors can not only be the existing geographical, cultural, economic and other characteristics, but also can be artificially constructed. The cooperation mode constitutes the premise that determines the success of the competition and cooperation. Only when the profits obtained from cooperation are greater than the sum of the profits in the non cooperation state, the competition and cooperation behavior can exist. Therefore, the correct cooperation mode has a decisive impact on the final effect of the competition and cooperation. Finally, cooperation to create value is only a means, and competition to share revenue is the purpose. The parties to the competition and cooperation may share revenue through a reasonable competition mechanism. The fairness and effectiveness of the sharing mechanism also directly determine the sustainability of competition and cooperation. Only by fair distribution can further cooperation be effectively promoted. Therefore, the competition and cooperation strategy of human capital in the Yangtze River Delta can be constructed from three dimensions: driving factors, cooperation mode and distribution mechanism.
2 The basic ideas and policy suggestions of the competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region. The basic idea of the competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region is to cooperate with external and internal competition, jointly and continuously develop, promote regional economic and social progress, cooperate with entrepreneurial value, and compete to share benefits. Under the guidance of the basic ideas, according to the national development strategy and the current situation and problems of the competition and cooperation of scientific and technological talents in the Yangtze River Delta region, measures can be taken from the following aspects:
(1) Integrate the industrial structure. Difference complementarity is an important factor to promote competition and cooperation among regions, and the integration of industrial structure can constitute an effective competition and cooperation driver. The high similarity of industrial structure in the Yangtze River Delta region is an important reason for the conflict of interests of regional members to be greater than the synergy effect. Repeated investment, vicious competition and industrial homogenization are not conducive to the efficient use of human capital. According to the comparative advantages of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, we should refine the industrial division within the region, integrate the industrial structure, form an efficient division of labor system with complementary advantages, resource sharing, competition and cooperation, and guide the balanced flow of human capital from the perspective of talent demand. As the core of the Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai should take modern service industry as the basic direction of transformation; Jiangsu, which has rich scientific research and education resources, can make breakthroughs in industrial integration through high-tech, cultural tourism and foreign trade export; Zhejiang, as the most developed private capital, can vigorously develop industries such as textile and clothing, ocean ports, etc. with private economy as the carrier.
(2) Improve the organizational structure. Improving the organizational structure is an important link to build a competition cooperation model and ensure the implementation of competition cooperation strategies. Only by setting up a higher level permanent organization at the national level, such as the Yangtze River Delta Integration Office, which is responsible for regional cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta, can the cooperation strategy be truly implemented from the organizational structure. In addition, government leadership is far from enough. Under the leadership of permanent institutions, encourage industry associations, intermediaries and other organizations to actively participate, establish a sound talent service system, promote and establish a new talent concept and awareness, and promote regional talent competition and cooperation in a planned and organized way. The success of Tokyo Metropolitan Area in Japan is mainly due to the specially formulated institutions, laws and regulations to ensure regional cooperation. The success of the EU is also mainly due to the establishment of "supranational institutions" through regional laws.
(3) Cooperation between colleges and universities in the Yangtze River Delta. University cooperation is another important part of the competition and cooperation model of human capital in the Yangtze River Delta region. The Yangtze River Delta is a highly developed area of education in China, with rich scientific research and education resources, which is an important guarantee for the competition and cooperation of talents in the Yangtze River Delta region. However, the distribution of educational resources in the Yangtze River Delta is not balanced. Different regions in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai have different degrees of recognition for the same university, which also reduces the flow of talents in the region to a certain extent. Imposing university student exchanges helps guide the flow of talents. For example, mutual credit recognition, joint training, talent training and exchange programs among Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai universities will help improve the mobility of talents in the region.
(4) Reform the household registration and social security systems. The smooth flow of talents is an important measure to ensure that the talent competition mechanism is agreed by all parties. If the flow of talents between regions is difficult, competition and cooperation are difficult to exist. The household registration system is an important factor that hinders the rational flow of human capital between regions, but it is unrealistic to cancel the household registration system immediately. Therefore, local governments can strive to create an institutional environment for the free flow of talents, make it possible for talents to flow in cities between regions, and ensure the fairness of income distribution in the process of competition and cooperation, so as to increase the number of cities between regions, In particular, non core cities refer to the enthusiasm of competition and cooperation. In the long run, only by reforming the household registration system and promoting the expansion of the social security system can we fundamentally solve the problem of hindering talent flow.