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Chapter 1: Model of Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
key word: Aquaculture ; Technology promotion; Problems; countermeasure
0 Introduction
The level of aquaculture technology, to some extent, can determine the economic benefits of aquaculture. However, at present, most of the aquaculture technologies adopted in China are relatively backward, and there are some problems in the process of technology promotion, which hinder the development of aquaculture industry. By analyzing the existing problems and combining with the actual situation, the author puts forward some countermeasures in order to provide some theoretical basis for the healthy and stable development of aquaculture.
1. Problems in the promotion of aquaculture technology
1.1 Farmer's professional knowledge Weak
At present, due to the lack of scientific awareness of some farmers, due attention has not been paid to aquaculture technology in the process of aquaculture. Aquaculture still mainly depends on the aquaculture experience of farmers and is not good at using professional and scientific aquaculture technology to breed aquatic products. This makes it impossible to find out the causes and make improvements in time when problems occur in the breeding process, resulting in a vicious circle of problems, which hinders the promotion and application of breeding technology. In addition, some farmers do not have professional and systematic farming knowledge, and they use more casual farming methods. They mainly rely on experience to increase farming output, thus improving economic returns. This makes aquaculture inefficient and difficult to achieve the expected economic benefits. At the same time, it also hinders the promotion of aquaculture technology, and to some extent, restricts the development of aquaculture industry.
1.2 Inadequate promotion of aquaculture technology
In the promotion of aquaculture technology, most of the promotion personnel themselves do not know enough about aquaculture technology, and their innovation awareness is not high, resulting in low efficiency of aquaculture technology promotion. Moreover, the aquaculture technology developed has not been well applied in the actual aquaculture industry, and the achievement conversion rate is low. At the same time, due to the lack of promotion, the farmers' demand for aquaculture technology in the breeding process could not be fed back to the technical R&D personnel in time, resulting in the lack of close connection between the developed aquaculture technology and the actual situation, which to a large extent hindered the promotion of technology. In addition, there is often a lack of funds in the promotion of aquaculture technology, which slows down the progress of aquaculture technology promotion.
1.3 Inappropriate management of aquaculture demonstration area
At present, aquaculture demonstration zones set up in some areas are still not systematic and professional enough. Due to the lack of professional management personnel, in terms of aquaculture and management, they failed to put forward corresponding measures according to different climatic environment and water quality, but blindly applied the experience of other demonstration areas without consideration, which led to the inability to guarantee the economic benefits of farmers. In addition, the aquaculture demonstration areas in some areas are just a form, lacking effective management methods, and a large number of resources and funds have been wasted, which ultimately makes the demonstration areas not play a leading and exemplary role.
2. Countermeasures for popularization of aquaculture technology
2.1 Strengthen the training of aquaculture technology knowledge
Establishing and improving the professional knowledge training system of farmers can enable them to actively use advanced aquaculture technology, thus improving the economic benefits of farmers. Government departments and relevant institutions should provide technical training and policy support to aquaculture farmers to increase their awareness of aquaculture technology. At the same time, some experts should be introduced to train farmers. This can not only improve the enthusiasm of farmers to learn aquaculture technology, but also enable them to better understand the use of aquaculture technology, so as to improve the economic benefits of aquaculture farmers.
2.2 Strengthen the promotion of aquaculture technology
If you want to achieve good development of aquaculture technology, you must first improve the quality of promotion personnel. In the daily promotion, we should pay attention to the regular training of the promotion personnel, and at the same time, we can send them out to better promote the aquaculture technology to farmers. Secondly, it is necessary to closely link the research and development of aquaculture technology with the actual production situation, so that the research and development of aquaculture technology can be well used. In turn, the aquaculture technology support needs of farmers in the actual breeding process can also be well fed back, thus promoting the development of scientific research and production.
2.3 Strengthen the management of aquaculture demonstration area
Through professional and scientific management of aquaculture demonstration areas, farmers can understand and recognize aquaculture technology. Strengthening professional management can help aquaculture farmers solve some problems in actual aquaculture, and enable aquaculture farmers to better use aquaculture technology. The aquaculture demonstration zone should regularly invite experts to guide and train farmers, and at the same time, farmers can also regularly communicate with each other to better promote aquaculture technology.
Chapter 2: Model of Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
Key words: effective methods for mariculture major in secondary vocational school
The teaching of mariculture specialty in secondary vocational schools should cultivate students' basic theory and professional knowledge, lay a good foundation for theory and professional knowledge, and focus on learning the basic skills that should be possessed in the practical work of the specialty, so as to improve students' comprehensive quality and increase their practical ability and practical operation ability.
1、 Strengthen the learning of key knowledge points from point to area
As we all know, mariculture science involves a wide range of contents. Therefore, teachers must carry out point to area teaching and strengthen some key knowledge points in time. First, we should apply point to area, combine point with area, and abandon the practice of covering everything. For the cultivation of some large seaweeds, shrimp and crabs, seashells, marine fishes and marine treasures, the selected varieties are representative in biology and economically cultivated varieties with relatively mature or relatively mature breeding technology research. For example, the varieties that have brought the five waves of China's mariculture industry are kelp, vannamei shrimp, scallop, turbot, sea cucumber, etc. They are also representative varieties leading the development of blue economy. Based on the knowledge of biology and breeding technology of these five breeding varieties, we can achieve the goal of "point to area". It is easy and natural to talk about the contents of the corresponding five chapters of algae, shrimp and crab, shellfish, fish and marine treasures. Second, it is required to avoid the phenomenon of generalizing from one part to the whole when transmitting key knowledge points. Because there must be differences between different species of organisms in the same category, there must be differences in seedling raising techniques and adult breeding techniques. If we only take these five breeding varieties as examples for teaching, once the teaching is improper, students will be misled by generalizations. Therefore, we should also look for reference varieties for comparative teaching, and clearly clarify the differences of some key biological habits, breeding processes and operating technologies. The corresponding choices include laver, Chinese shrimp, swimming crab, oyster, grouper and abalone, which can be used as a reference.
2、 Focus on application and use cases for teaching
The information fed back to the school by some mariculture related enterprises is not comprehensive enough, students cannot fully understand it, lack basic operation ability, and have poor response ability to some emergencies. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers should, as the case may be, give detailed descriptions of some specific details in production and application, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds, the layout of aerators, the design of water inflow and drainage and the shape of nursery pools, and pay attention to the details of whether circular or oval nursery pools cause harm to young adults. The teacher uses the case teaching method to enumerate specific events in production activities for explanation, and carries out specific analysis, explanation and discussion in combination with the theoretical knowledge points learned, so as to stimulate students' learning desire and deepen classroom understanding. For example, teachers should analyze in detail the causes of infant malformation in the process of breeding, and analyze the key points such as parental breeding, feeding bait, and water for breeding step by step, and finally find the key points of the problem; In the process of aquaculture, it will also be affected by external factors, such as the sudden drop of water temperature due to weather changes, the outbreak of red tide in the surrounding sea areas, the impact of the quality of aquaculture water, the lack of prevention measures for foreign viruses and cutting off means for pathogenic bacteria, and disease, which will lead to aquaculture failure.
3、 Learn from the past and introduce the new, focus on hot and cutting-edge topics
In the teaching process of mariculture, teachers should constantly review the previous knowledge. Because the teaching process will involve a lot of theoretical knowledge related to the previous courses, it is necessary to introduce new ideas based on the previous knowledge points involved, and then introduce new knowledge points and technical points. For example, what drives the rapid development of aquaculture industry is the continuous updating of scientific and technological means, the updating and development of aquaculture projects and equipment. Anti wind and wave, digital cage equipment provides convenience for offshore aquaculture of a variety of rare fish.
In addition, students' attention to relevant hot issues and development trends of mariculture is helpful for learning, and they should timely master the new achievements and new technologies generated by scientific research. For example, the emergence of environmental pressure problems caused by mariculture has promoted the concept of multi trophic level comprehensive aquaculture, low-carbon healthy aquaculture and related aquaculture technologies; The research achievements of microbiology have promoted the production of microecological agents and biological floc technology, and have been applied in the intensive cultivation of shrimp and fish; The development of genetic breeding technology has promoted the breeding and breeding of high stress resistant varieties and new varieties; The study of viral pathology has made the Chinese herbal medicine preparations and other disease prevention methods constantly updated.
4、 Conclusion
In a word, the construction of practical teaching system is crucial to comprehensively cultivate students' practical ability and ability to solve practical problems in production, and provides a basis for cultivating high-quality applied talents in the production line of mariculture.
reference:
Part 3: Model of Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
Whether higher vocational colleges can form their own characteristics depends on whether their talent training mode has characteristics and whether they can cultivate highly skilled talents to meet the needs of society. The reform of talent training mode focuses on the practicality, openness and professionalism of the teaching process. Experiment, practical training and practice are three key links. We should keep close contact with enterprises, strengthen students' production practice and social practice, and reform the traditional talent training model centered on schools and classrooms. The major of aquaculture technology in higher vocational colleges is an applied major with strong practicality. With the strong support of college leaders and the joint efforts of professional teachers, the construction of aquaculture specialty has distinctive characteristics. In 2010, the aquaculture specialty of our school was rated as the brand specialty of Liaoning Province. The experience and achievements related to the construction of aquaculture brand specialty in our school are summarized for your reference.
1、 Construction of theoretical teaching courses
In the process of theory teaching, teachers are required to be able to teach relevant basic knowledge, basic theories and basic skills vividly and vividly, and the important thing is to improve students' interest in the subject.
1. Actively reform the teaching content:
In the process of course construction of aquaculture technology specialty, curriculum reform and assessment method reform are carried out from the aspects of teaching outline, practical teaching guide book, etc. in combination with the actual production situation. Actively supplement new knowledge, new technology and new achievements of aquaculture in accordance with the requirements of higher vocational talent training objectives. In the teaching process, the combination of theory and practice is particularly emphasized. Both the teaching of basic theoretical knowledge and the cultivation of students' practical ability are emphasized. Practical teaching is strengthened, skill training is strengthened, and students' practical ability and practical skills are constantly cultivated to fully reflect the school running characteristics of aquaculture technology at the higher vocational level.
2. Constantly reform teaching methods and means:
In the process of teaching, teachers constantly carry out relevant reforms on the teaching mode, and more use case teaching methods to teach, so that students can learn theoretical knowledge closer to production practice. Through the reform of teaching methods, the focus of teaching will be shifted from "teaching" to "learning", so as to maximize students' self-learning ability and develop students' creative thinking. At the same time, multimedia teaching should be carried out in an all-round way to improve the teaching quality. The teachers of fishery specialty keep improving on the collection, sorting and courseware of web pages, and spend a lot of time elaborately designing and making electronic courseware. The courseware page is designed in a novel way, which is not only beautiful and elegant, but also lively, and has distinctive curriculum characteristics. The courseware is rich in content, rich in pictures and texts, intuitive, and easy to understand, which is conducive to enhancing students' interest in learning, stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning, and comprehensively mobilizing students' enthusiasm for learning. In teaching, students are the main body, teachers are the leading role, and various teaching methods such as task driven, heuristic guidance, physical display, on-site explanation, and operation demonstration are implemented.
3. The teaching materials and relevant materials are complete:
This course uses the national teaching materials for higher vocational colleges, and is equipped with experimental training guides, which fully guarantees the teaching needs of students majoring in aquaculture. The teaching syllabus, electronic teaching plan, question bank, multimedia courseware, teaching video, fish picture bank and other relevant teaching materials are complete.
4. The experimental conditions are constantly improved
In order to meet the requirements of the cultivation of students' experimental professional skills on campus, the school should increase the investment in experimental training, set up a bait cultivation laboratory, a water quality analysis laboratory, a circulation system breeding laboratory, a biological specimen laboratory, a disease prevention and control research laboratory, etc., and constantly improve the experimental teaching conditions on campus, so as to improve students' comprehensive training ability. At the same time, the school should actively create conditions, regularly organize students to participate in relevant skill competitions, and constantly improve practical skills.
2、 Construction of practical teaching courses
Production practice teaching is an important teaching link of aquaculture specialty, which is an organic combination of theoretical teaching and production practice. Production practice is a series of practical teaching activities in which students directly participate in the production process in the production practice base under the guidance of teachers according to the syllabus and instructions. It is an important link and central topic in the education and teaching of aquaculture technology specialty. Through school enterprise and school local cooperation, the school has strengthened the construction of off campus production practice bases to ensure the demand of students for production practice in quality and quantity.
In recent years, a sea cucumber breeding boom has been set off in Liaoning coastal areas, which has promoted the rapid development of sea cucumber seedling production. The preparation work for the production of sea cucumber seedlings began in May, and the seedling farms are in urgent need of aquatic skilled personnel and small water body technicians. The aquaculture teaching and research section of our school adjusted the teaching plan in time according to the development trend of the coastal aquaculture industry in Liaoning Province and the changes in the demand for aquaculture skilled talents. Since 2006, the practice teaching mode of aquaculture specialty has been reformed, and gratifying results have been achieved. At the beginning of the new semester in spring every year, students will be mainly taught the theoretical knowledge of specialized courses such as "Fish Culture Technology", "Shrimp and Crab Culture Technology", "Marine Shellfish Culture Technology" and "Famous, Special and Excellent Aquaculture Technology". Before the students enter the manufacturer, they should take one month to carry out centralized comprehensive training on the operation of aquatic professional skills, so as to strengthen their practical ability. After entering the enterprise, students are paid to work, which further stimulates their enthusiasm for work. In the real production environment of the enterprise, students are employees of the enterprise. Students regard the enterprise as their own enterprise, and students directly participate in every link of enterprise production according to enterprise arrangements. The teachers in the school and the technical personnel of the manufacturer will jointly complete the production practice tasks in the real production process, and reform the assessment method, focusing on process assessment.
The aquaculture industry is very practical and seasonal, the operating conditions are relatively difficult, and the management is very strict. After the students entered the enterprise training, great changes have taken place in their thinking, from immature to mature. After hard training in the enterprise, we have tempered our strong will, developed the spirit of hard work, recognized our advantages and disadvantages, and eliminated many unrealistic ideas. In particular, students participate in every link and every work in the process of artificial seedling production of stichopus japonicus. With the encouragement and guidance of professional teachers and internal technical personnel of the enterprise, team awareness, ownership, psychological quality, coordination and communication ability, adaptability, and ability to analyze and solve problems have been greatly improved. They are full of confidence in engaging in the aquatic industry, laying a solid foundation for the society. Most of the students have excellent performance in job training and enterprise management. Their comprehensive quality has been approved by the enterprise, which has won the reputation of the college, expanded the influence of the school's aquaculture technology major, and widened the employment channels of students. During the production practice, students have a comprehensive understanding of enterprise production, job requirements, salary, personal development space, etc. Some students have found satisfactory jobs through the practice.
3、 Construction of teaching staff
The quantity and quality of teachers in higher vocational colleges will directly affect the quality of students' education and the realization of professional talent specifications. Therefore, the Aquaculture Teaching and Research Section of the University has gradually established a high-level "double teacher quality" teaching team with strong strength and distinctive characteristics according to the actual situation. Make clear tasks and requirements for teachers' teaching and practice. On the one hand, teachers are encouraged to continuously enhance professional theoretical learning. One teacher has been admitted to the National Aquatic Veterinary Practicing Qualification. On the other hand, we encourage everyone to actively deepen production practice. Due to the large number of young teachers in the teaching and research section, the school requires young teachers, as practice instructors, to stay with the enterprises under their classes, to put forward reasonable suggestions for improvement of students' internship programs, and to collect teaching cases in the production workshop to strengthen the connection between theory and practice to guide classroom teaching.
Chapter 4: Model Articles on Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
The practice of aquaculture teaching under the training mode of application-oriented talents meets the actual needs of current teaching reform to a certain extent. Actively respond to the problems existing in the development process of its practical teaching. In the specific teaching practice link, pay attention to optimizing the talent training program and syllabus, improve the teaching method relying on modern science and information technology, effectively combine theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and promote the sustainable development of aquaculture teaching practice.
1、 The Necessity of Aquaculture Teaching Practice under the Applied Talents Training Mode
The aquaculture teaching practice under the application-oriented talent training mode meets the needs of the educational reform practice in colleges and universities. The application-oriented talent training mode has become the focus of the current college training, which is consistent with the quality teaching concept with the fundamental purpose of improving the national quality, aiming to promote the all-round development of students and ensure the smooth progress of education and teaching. In order to improve the teaching quality, it is urgent for the relevant teachers to change their teaching concepts, gradually improve the infrastructure and teaching equipment, and take the three-dimensional goal as the starting point to cultivate the coordinated development of students' learning ability and quality. Its teaching practice helps to accurately position the direction of talent cultivation and cultivate all-round talents with knowledge and practical skills to develop together. The cultivation concept of application-oriented talents is the specific requirement of the current aquaculture teaching practice. The aquaculture specialty involves a wide range of knowledge points and is a highly technical discipline. In the actual teaching link, teachers introduce specific cases, use a variety of teaching methods to carry out teaching, and display specific knowledge images in front of students, It is helpful to stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, cultivate innovative thinking, and improve teaching quality. The aquaculture teaching practice under the application-oriented talent training mode is an organic combination of theoretical knowledge teaching and practical teaching. Teachers guide students to carry out experimental courses through the way of experimental training bases, strengthen cooperation with outstanding enterprises outside the school, and be guided by professional technicians to create a good learning atmosphere for students, Lay the foundation for the smooth follow-up teaching.
2、 Current Situation of Aquaculture Teaching Development under the Mode of Applied Talents
In the process of aquaculture teaching development under the current application-oriented talent model, the number of experimental bases is small, cooperation with enterprises is ignored, and the aquaculture teaching practice platform is not perfect, which to some extent can not meet the development needs of the current aquaculture teaching practice. At the same time, in the actual teaching process, affected by the traditional teaching concept for a long time, the teaching method is backward. Some teachers transfer the focus of teaching tasks to the teaching of theoretical knowledge, which is not effectively connected with practical teaching. Students are in a passive state of accepting knowledge, and the teaching effect is not obvious, which is not conducive to the smooth progress of subsequent teaching. At present, some colleges and universities in China are late in carrying out aquaculture courses, but the course knowledge is extensive. In the process of practical teaching, the proportion of confirmatory practical courses is large, the comprehensive practical courses are limited, and the off campus practice is ignored, resulting in the students' limited hands-on ability and incomplete grasp of relevant applied knowledge. The arrangement of aquaculture courses by teachers is not scientific, and they do not strictly follow the actual situation of the overall teaching development of colleges and universities. The relevant teachers are not teachers of their own majors, and the professional knowledge and skills of teachers are limited. In the experimental training link, students' subjective initiative is ignored, and students' learning enthusiasm is reduced, The support of relevant enterprises is weak, and the practice teaching mode is single, which is not conducive to improving the overall teaching effect.
3、 Teaching Practice Mode of Aquaculture under the Applied Talents Training Mode
（1） The key to improving the aquaculture teaching practice under the training mode of application-oriented talents in the course category is to gradually improve the course category. In the process of education and teaching, the first thing to do is to start with the actual situation of the economic development of colleges and universities in the region. Under the background of the concept of application-oriented talents training, colleges and universities are important places to cultivate talents. In the planning of course categories, It is necessary to study the elective courses and compulsory courses, update the concept of different types of courses, and declare the professional courses related to appreciation and reproduction, such as aquaculture, before teaching. At present, the aquaculture specialty involves rich technical and theoretical knowledge. In order to sort out the knowledge structure of students, it is necessary to scientifically divide the aquaculture discipline, understand the key connotation of the aquaculture specialty, clarify its professional development direction, do a good job in social market research, and develop training plans for students that meet the needs of society, To some extent, it lays the foundation for students' future employment and stimulates students' interest in learning. The key to cultivating application-oriented talents is to cultivate talents with comprehensive development. Starting from the actual situation of students' cognitive development, all students are actively encouraged to participate in curriculum teaching activities. Students can choose different types of courses according to their own preferences to improve teaching quality.
（2） The teaching practice of aquaculture under the mode of optimizing experimental content and cultivating application-oriented talents needs to focus on optimizing experimental content, which is conducive to improving students' innovation ability. Reform the content of aquaculture teaching practice, reasonably optimize the proportion between experimental verification and experimental experiments, start from the actual development characteristics of students' current cognitive level, timely improve the situation where traditional teachers are in the authoritative position in the classroom, and truly return the classroom to students, so that students can truly experience the fun of practical teaching, To avoid the problem of teaching experiments in the whole course in the classroom is not conducive to improving the students' subjective initiative to a certain extent. In the link of experimental teaching, when the teacher has known the experimental results, do not tell the students about the experimental results, but should pay attention to guiding them in the process of the experiment, correct the shortcomings in the experiment, encourage students to think independently, master the practical steps, and clarify the aquaculture related technology, which is conducive to improving students' learning ability. In order to improve the effect of teaching practice, we can appropriately increase the proportion of experimental experiments, give full play to students' subjective initiative, guide students to apply specific theoretical knowledge in practice, open students' minds, and master the pharmacology and disease principles related to aquaculture through experiments.
（3） Improve the practice conditions, improve the practice teaching conditions, pay attention to the construction of the practice teaching base, and improve the practice level of aquaculture teaching. The theory and practice of aquaculture are strong. Students are required to apply the relevant theoretical knowledge to the practice link accurately while mastering the relevant theoretical knowledge, vividly display the specific knowledge in front of students, help students to truly understand the aquaculture process, and clarify their job responsibilities. In the process of constructing the practice teaching base, we should pay attention to optimizing relevant scientific research and teaching equipment and actively introduce advanced aquaculture scientific research equipment.
（4） Optimizing practice resources In the aquaculture teaching practice link under the application-oriented talent training mode, we need to pay attention to optimizing practice resources, improve the aquaculture learning resource library, and have professional managers update it in real time, so that it meets the actual needs of the current teaching reform. In the process of scientific research project research, we should pay attention to improving the adjustment level of scientific research conditions, effectively integrate the resources inside and outside the school, and provide students with thesis materials by building an aquaculture case database, so as to lay a foundation for students to graduate successfully. Pay attention to optimizing the comprehensive practice module, make full use of the advantages of modern science and information technology, build an intelligent data resource sharing platform, and focus on strengthening online and offline communication with students. At this time, teachers can release relevant aquaculture knowledge to the platform at any time, and students can select appropriate materials for experiments according to their own cognitive situation, To some extent, it will help to improve the level of practical teaching. In the link of integrating practical resources, we should pay attention to analyzing the climate and weather changes in the region, grasp the key period of aquaculture, effectively integrate the teaching resources related to practical teaching, and collect relevant knowledge about intensive aquaculture and diseases, which can help students effectively deal with the problems that are easy to occur in specific experimental teaching.
（5） Optimization of training program Under the influence of the concept of application-oriented talent training, it is urgent to optimize the training program of aquaculture teaching practice. In the link of curriculum design of aquaculture specialty, it is necessary to fully combine the actual situation of the development of the current syllabus, pay attention to the reference of relevant literature, and fully combine the current cognitive ability of students and the overall development goal of the school, Build a sound talent training plan, pay attention to strengthening the construction of teachers' professional team, improve the practical teaching ability of teachers, teach in strict accordance with the syllabus, clarify the key and difficult points of teaching, and highlight the dominant position of students. Optimize the teaching objectives, take the experimental experimental teaching as the focus of teaching, and the experts from the relevant local fisheries research institute will come to guide, so as to correct the problems existing in students' practice in a timely manner. The whole process of talent cultivation can be supervised by setting up a professional guidance group, improving the professional training program, focusing on the development of professional teaching and scientific research training plans, and in the process of talent cultivation, focusing on improving students' ability to solve problems independently, which is conducive to improving students' comprehensive quality.
conclusion
Chapter 5: Model of Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
Key words: promotion; Aquaculture technology; Problems; countermeasure
CLC No.: S43 Document ID: A DOI: 10.11974/nyyjs.20161033058
1 Materials and methods
Five aquaculture farms in Yancheng City were selected as the research objects. Through questionnaires and interviews, we learned about their application of aquaculture technology, communicated with relevant departments, analyzed the problems in the promotion of aquaculture technology, and proposed corresponding countermeasures.
2 Results
At present, Yancheng Aquaculture Farm still uses traditional aquaculture methods, and the promotion of aquaculture technology is not optimistic. The main problems are: lack of scientific and technological knowledge, low quality of technology promoters, lack of promotion funds for grassroots aquaculture stations, and lack of marketing experience for aquaculture operators. After adopting the corresponding countermeasures, the aquaculture technology has gradually been applied in various farms, and the output has increased to varying degrees.
3 Discussion
3.1 Problems in aquaculture technology promotion
At present, although China has invested a lot of financial and material resources to promote aquaculture technology, and has achieved certain results, more or less improved the traditional aquaculture model, due to the low level of knowledge and technology of aquaculture farmers themselves, as well as some other reasons, there are still some problems to be solved in technology promotion.
3.1.1 Aquaculturists lack scientific and technological knowledge
Because most of the aquaculture farmers have a low education level, do not understand the professional knowledge of aquaculture, and have a poor awareness of technology application, they only rely on their personal experience to breed, lacking strong support from science and technology, resulting in low work efficiency and serious waste and pollution. The lack of scientific and technological knowledge of aquaculture farmers leads to the restriction of aquaculture technology popularization [2].
3.1.2 Poor quality of aquaculture technology promoters
The quality of technical promotion personnel has a direct impact on the promotion effect. Most of the technical promotion personnel are not professional, and their grades are higher, so they did not update the knowledge structure system in time. Its understanding of scientific and advanced aquaculture technology is not comprehensive, so it is difficult to achieve the ideal promotion effect. In addition, it has no strong problem solving ability and weak innovation awareness, which makes it difficult to achieve a high level of technology promotion.
3.1.3 Grass roots aquatic stations lack promotion funds
Lack of funds for technology promotion is one of the difficult problems in the promotion of aquaculture technology, and restricts the progress and development of technology promotion. Because the R&D and promotion of aquaculture technology need a lot of funds, but in actual work, there is a lack of funds.
3.1.4 Aquaculturists lack marketing experience
For aquaculture producers, the most important problem is sales. However, the lack of marketing experience has hindered the promotion of aquaculture technology. The purpose of aquaculture is to sell aquatic products and make profits, increase income and improve the living standard of families. However, many aquaculture producers do not have rich marketing experience, and the sales methods adopted are relatively traditional and outdated, which is difficult to stimulate consumers' consumption desire. A single consumption channel can not effectively improve the sales volume of products, resulting in low income of farmers and unwillingness to introduce new breeding technology.
3.2 Countermeasures for vigorously promoting aquaculture technology
3.2.1 Strengthen the training of aquaculture technology
One of the main reasons that the promotion of aquaculture technology is restricted is that aquaculture farmers do not have a detailed understanding of aquaculture technology. In order to change this situation, it is necessary to constantly train aquaculture farmers in technical knowledge. The promotion of aquaculture technology should also be supported by government departments and institutions at all levels, and the development of aquaculture should be added to the new economic growth point of agriculture. The training of aquaculture technology should be carried out from the following aspects. The training is carried out by sending out. Low quality is the main problem of most aquaculture technology promoters at present. Only by sending out can we continuously improve their promotion technology and technology update. At the same time, the way of inviting back also needs to be combined with this, constantly attract high-level and highly educated aquaculture technology promotion talents, constantly expand the promotion team, and improve the overall quality of the team; Regularly hold training and lectures on aquaculture technology. Professional technical training lectures need to be supported by relevant departments and government agencies. Regular lectures on technical knowledge are held several times a year to improve the aquaculture technology of aquaculture farmers, and some valuable aquaculture materials are presented to aquaculture farmers; Strengthen technical cooperation and exchange. The promotion of aquaculture technology should cooperate and exchange with scientific research institutions, schools, etc., and should also continue to communicate with well-known aquaculture enterprises to continuously improve aquaculture technology.
3.2.2 Vigorously promote new aquaculture technology
In order to effectively adjust the internal structure of aquaculture industry, it is necessary to continuously promote new varieties and new technologies, and ensure that aquaculture is adapted to local conditions, so as to continuously increase the wealth of aquaculture farmers. Combining local resource advantages, it is very important to continuously innovate and develop aquaculture technology in the process of aquaculture technology promotion. For example, Bijie City is rich in cold water resources, and local people use this condition to breed sturgeon and explore cold water aquaculture technology; Make effective use of the existing research results and fish resources in the local area, and constantly promote the promotion of aquaculture technology; The promotion of aquaculture should also be constantly increased to form a breeding system integrating seedling breeding, feed and fishery medicine sales and breeding technology.
3.2.3 Increase investment in aquaculture technology promotion
In the promotion process of aquaculture technology, capital investment is very important. Increasing the investment of promotion funds is mainly from the following two aspects. To solve the problem of insufficient funds for grass-roots technology promotion, the relevant departments and the government should constantly increase the support of technology promotion funds, give reasonable amount of financial support in combination with the relevant situation, and ensure that there is sufficient funds for the promotion of aquaculture technology; The fund arrangement for the promotion of grass-roots aquaculture technology should be considered in the financial budget to find more funding channels to ensure the smooth promotion of aquaculture technology [3].
3.2.4 Take effective aquaculture marketing strategy
Aquaculturists should pay attention to the improvement of the competitive strength of aquatic products, and produce and sell aquatic products in combination with market demand. To achieve this goal, they should develop marketing strategies and effectively carry out marketing work. Aquaculturists should not only master the market price of aquatic products in nearby cities, but also timely understand the sales situation of some large and medium-sized cities, seize the opportunity, occupy a place in the aquatic products wholesale market and increase market share. The health care effect, quality and nutrition of aquatic products should be fully displayed through online sales, so as to improve consumer awareness and reduce sales costs. Carry out product promotion activities regularly every year to increase consumption.
In a word, in order to adapt to the progress of the times and the development of social economy, aquaculture producers should also update their knowledge and technology in time to improve the level of aquaculture. Relevant government departments should increase support, support the promotion of new aquaculture technologies from capital, policy and other aspects, so that the aquaculture industry can continue to develop healthily.
reference
[1] Shen Shui'e. Status, Problems and Countermeasures of Aquatic Technology Popularization System in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province [J]. Agricultural Engineering, 2015 (3): 153-155
Chapter 6: Model of Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
[Key words] Aquaculture technology; extension; Difficulties and strategies
With the rapid development of social economy, China's industrial types have become more diverse, and aquaculture is a very important part of the economic industry, which has produced a very strong social effect and economy. Therefore, in the context of the current stage, in order to better ensure the effective development of the aquaculture industry, it is very important to promote some of the advanced aquaculture technologies, which can continuously improve the professionalism and production efficiency of the aquaculture industry, and promote the development of the industry. However, at this stage, there are still some difficulties that need to be solved urgently, which will promote the spread and promotion of aquaculture technology.
1 Difficulties in Aquaculture Technology Promotion
1.1 Lack of advanced farming knowledge and concept
Seen from the current actual situation, for some aquaculture farmers, there is a general situation that their knowledge reserves are not rich, their education background is relatively low, and their learning ability needs to be strengthened [1]. Due to the lack of professional knowledge in the actual development of the aquaculture industry, farmers are also conservative and traditional in concept, and it is difficult to accept some advanced technologies and concepts. There is a certain resistance to such ideas. In addition, in the process of learning new knowledge, there are also situations of low interest, low enthusiasm and poor acceptance ability. Only relying on breeding experience, the professional level of the breeding industry is relatively low, which makes it very difficult to promote breeding technology in practice, and it is difficult to achieve the desired promotion effect.
1.2 The country lacks professional training and attention
At present, there are certain difficulties in the promotion of aquaculture technology in the aquaculture industry, which is also closely related to the national investment and investment in this technology. In the current aquaculture industry, there are some people who want to learn innovative ideas and advanced technologies. However, due to the lack of publicity channels for the technology itself, it is difficult to promote the technology. In addition, it is also difficult for the relevant national policy departments to conduct scientific and systematic guidance and training on aquaculture technology, which leads to many impacts and obstacles on the actual promotion of some advanced technologies. It is difficult to achieve effective training, and there is a serious lack of attention and effective guidance on training.
1.3 It is urgent to expand formal sales channels
In the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, the demonstration zone can play a demonstration role, enable relevant farmers to better perceive the economic benefits, and stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers to learn new technologies [2]. However, from the current actual situation, China's attention and investment in the demonstration area at this stage is very little, and it is difficult to show this role. In addition, the marketing channels of breeding technology are also relatively narrow, and there are great difficulties in the process of promotion. It is difficult for farmers to perceive the economic benefits brought by the new technology, which leads to a superficial level in the process of promotion of new technology. On the surface, the marketing market ratio is relatively limited, which makes the technology have great resistance and difficulties in the actual promotion, It is very difficult to achieve the ideal promotion effect.
2. Solutions to aquaculture technology promotion
2.1 Strengthen training guidance and promote technology promotion
Due to the current lack of professional knowledge of aquaculture farmers in China, China also has a neglected attitude towards aquaculture related training. Therefore, at this stage, it is very important to actively promote some advanced and scientific breeding technologies. In this process, the national department should show its role, and can provide free training and guidance for a certain advanced technology on a regular basis. Under this training mode, show some guidance and information to relevant aquaculture farmers, so that their enthusiasm and enthusiasm for learning can be constantly enhanced, and aquaculture farmers can feel the real benefits and benefits. In addition, among aquaculture farmers, some corresponding reward mechanisms can also be implemented, and some outstanding farmers can be confident and encouraged, so that farmers can also exchange and learn from each other, and also can explain some breeding technologies and pest prevention knowledge, so that the difficulties and problems of farmers can be solved, and play a role in promoting the promotion of technology.
2.2 Establish demonstration areas to promote technology promotion
The role of the demonstration area is very huge, which can play a role in mobilizing the technological learning interest of farmers. At this stage, the serious lack of aquatic demonstration areas in China is quite obvious. Therefore, we must actively promote some demonstration areas, change the single status quo in terms of production form and method, try to move closer to some demonstration areas, and connect large-scale business entities and demonstration areas, so that the aquaculture industry can truly embark on the road of specialization, so that the industrial quality can be continuously enhanced, and the standardization and scientificity of aquaculture can be strengthened, Realize the effective promotion of breeding technology.
2.3 Broaden sales channels and promote technology promotion
At this stage, the sales channels of aquaculture farmers are very limited, which makes it difficult for some farmers to try some new methods and technologies [3]. Therefore, in view of this situation, we must fundamentally solve the problem, so that the difficulty in technology promotion can be solved. In the process of solving the problem, we can carry out investigation and analysis based on the actual sales situation, expand the current marketing channels, carry out centralized marketing, industrial integration, etc., which can enhance the stability of the aquaculture industry, better meet the market demand, make the aquaculture sales get a fundamental guarantee, and make the technology really popularized.
Chapter 7: Model Articles on Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
[Key words] Life education theory solves school running problems
At the beginning of the school, our major of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine and freshwater breeding was once brilliant, and trained more than 1000 animal husbandry and veterinary technicians and freshwater breeding talents for Hechuan. Up to now, 70% of the heads of animal husbandry and veterinary stations in towns and villages in Hechuan District are graduates of our school, and most of the technicians in major breeding farms in Hechuan are graduates of our school. These two majors of our school have made their own contributions to the development of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine and freshwater aquaculture in Hechuan, and established their own brands in Hechuan. The school is also famous for animal husbandry, veterinary medicine and freshwater aquaculture in Hechuan.
However, in the early 1990s, farmers were more willing to leave their homes to work in Guangdong, Shenzhen and other coastal cities than to plant crops and breed in the countryside. At that time, farmers were heavily burdened with various taxes, which seriously hurt their enthusiasm for agricultural production. It has become a common understanding among farmers that planting and breeding cannot make money. It is not worthwhile to engage in agriculture and earn more money than work. On the other hand, due to the difference between urban and rural areas, farmers have a desire to work in cities. In the subconscious of farmers, being a worker is superior to being a farmer. Under the influence of these factors, the survival of these two majors in our school has also been seriously affected. Since the early 1990s, the number of students enrolled has declined year by year, and the number of students enrolled each year has dropped sharply from the original 300-400 to more than a dozen. The majors are becoming more and more difficult to run and close down. In order to survive, the school has added computer, automobile repair, medicine, machinery, mold and other engineering majors. While striving to expand its living space, the school has also been exploring the reform of school running mode. In particular, after the school undertook the scientific research project of Hechuan District Urban and Rural Secondary Vocational School School Running Mode Reform Experiment Project in 2009, the school has a more clear direction for the research on vocational education school running mode reform.
Mr. Tao Xingzhi is a great educator in China. His theory of life education still shines with wisdom today. It not only has practical guiding significance for today's general education, but also has great theoretical guiding significance for today's vocational education and the exploration and reform of vocational education school running mode. We are studying Mr. Tao Xingzhi's life education theory, "life is education, society is school", "little gentleman system", and learning from foreign vocational education school running models, such as the dual system model in Germany, the cbe model represented by the United States and Canada, and the "cbet" model represented by the United Kingdom and Australia, The school running mode reform plan of our school has been formulated. After three years of exploration and practice, we have achieved a series of fruitful results.
1. Theoretical achievements
We have enriched Mr. Tao Xingzhi's life education theory. Our research is carried out under the guidance of his life education theory. Through our practice, his theory has been inherited and carried forward.
1.1 Carry out the school running attempt of "sending education to the countryside, sending science and technology to farmers". With the attention of the Party and the government to rural work and "agriculture, countryside and farmers", the state has exempted agricultural taxes, given financial subsidies to agricultural projects such as planting and breeding, and mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers for production, Some farmers working in coastal cities such as Shenzhen and Guangdong began to return home to engage in planting and breeding. Hechuan District has become a major pig raising county in China for several consecutive years. Farmers' thirst for agricultural production knowledge and technology has greatly increased. The support of the Party and the government for agricultural policies has brought new hope to our agricultural majors such as animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, freshwater aquaculture, etc. The spring of agricultural majors has arrived. In order to help farmers master breeding technology as soon as possible, and use our technical advantages to serve the local economic construction, under the guidance of Tao Xingzhi's life education theory, we carried out a school running attempt of "sending education to the countryside, sending science and technology to farmers". Our specific approach is:
1.1.1 The school contacts the local government, organizes farmers through the local government, and sends excellent teachers to carry out centralized training during the slack time. The time is 7-10 days. The content of learning is jointly determined by the school, teachers and trainees. In this way, the purpose of learning, the pertinence of training and the effectiveness of teaching are enhanced. The teaching methods include teacher's lecture, student discussion, question answering, on-site guidance, etc. Through systematic training, the trainees can master the basic knowledge and skills of breeding technology. Some students can participate in the second and third learning until they learn it. Students can also consult and discuss the problems they encounter in production practice with teachers through letters, telephone, or even the Internet. Over the past three years, we have carried out such training in various villages and towns in Hechuan District, with more than 10000 trainees. The school has also prepared a special teaching material for the training, Modern Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Practical Technology of Freshwater Breeding. It has trained talents for the development of animal husbandry and freshwater aquaculture in Hechuan District. It strongly supported the "pic" pig breeding technology and rice field fish breeding technology promoted by the Hechuan District Government, and increased farmers' income. Now, all towns and villages in Hechuan District have various professional farmers represented by pig and fish farming. Some villages and towns have formed a professional breeding industry characterized by raising chickens and ducks.
1.1.2 After full preparation and careful arrangement, the school organized teachers to lead students to take advantage of the town market day to carry out the activity of "sending science and technology to farmers and serving the people". Publicize agricultural scientific and technological knowledge to farmers and popularize practical agricultural technology. More than 300000 copies of agricultural practical technology publicity materials and rural policy publicity materials prepared by our school were sent to farmers, more than 200 people repaired televisions, washing machines, small household appliances, etc. for farmers, and more than 100 veterinary and freshwater aquaculture technology consulting activities were carried out. During the summer vacation, students were organized to go deep into farmyards and professional farms. On the one hand, they promoted practical agricultural technology to farmers, publicized the Party's rural economic policies, and trained professional farmers to improve breeding technology, playing the role of "little man". On the other hand, students applied what they learned to solve practical problems encountered in production, and played the role of integrating theory with practice, They also learned from farmers what they did not know in books. Improve and train the students' practical ability.
Chapter 8: Sample Knowledge of Aquaculture
Key words: Modern Intensive Breeding Technology; Animal Science; reform
"Intensive breeding" is to change the traditional breeding model and business ideas, adopt new processes and technical measures, improve the efficiency and efficiency of breeding. It is leading and high-tech, and represents the development direction of modern animal husbandry. In recent years, the intensive aquaculture industry has developed rapidly with great potential, and the demand for technical personnel is also growing. The course of Modern Intensive Breeding Technology came into being in this era. It is an important elective course for animal science majors. The purpose of the course is to expand students' professional knowledge, cultivate students' professional skills and improve their comprehensive quality, To lay a professional foundation for students to find jobs in modern farms and relevant management departments. Through the opening of this course, students can understand the latest theory and technology of each link of modern intensive breeding. First, enrich students' theoretical knowledge and accumulate necessary theoretical knowledge for students' professional practice; Second, broaden students' professional knowledge, deepen their understanding of the major, and improve their ability to apply basic knowledge, so as to provide broader space for students' employment and personal career development; Third, the curriculum content is constantly updated with the development of the industry, eliminating the time difference between teaching and practical production application, realizing the smooth connection between school study and graduation employment, and enhancing the post employment adaptability of students. As this course is a new one opened in recent years, its teaching content and teaching methods are not very mature, and it is still in the stage of exploration and reform. Therefore, the author discusses the reform of this course from the following aspects in combination with the problems found and adjustments made in the teaching process of this course in our school in recent years.
1、 Combine local characteristics and reform teaching content
In the teaching process of Modern Intensive Breeding Technology, the author insists on the following principles: First, adjust measures to local conditions, and the content should be highly targeted. Combining the latest progress of the national breeding industry and the development status of the breeding industry in Guizhou Province, the author focuses on the representative varieties with relatively mature breeding technology in Guizhou Province; Second, closely surrounding the core of modern environment-friendly ecological animal husbandry, teaching from management, feed, disease prevention and control and other aspects to make students realize that the development of modern intensive breeding is not to follow the old path of traditional animal husbandry, but to firmly establish the concept of ecological, environmental protection and sustainable development of animal husbandry; Third, the curriculum content is constantly updated with the development of the industry. The curriculum content includes the latest technology in aquaculture, animal nutrition, disease prevention and control, intensive aquaculture, forage grass and other disciplines, so that students can understand the latest animal husbandry breeding model and facilities. At present, the course of Modern Intensive Breeding Technology does not have a suitable national textbook, which is not convenient for students to consult during the teaching process. Most colleges and universities use self-made textbooks or handouts. In the teaching process of the course Modern Intensive Breeding Technology, our school adopts the self-made handouts. Combining the production experience of teachers for many years, we have prepared the handouts with the characteristics of Guizhou Province. In the future teaching, we will continue to improve the content of the handouts with the emergence and development of new technologies. If conditions permit, we can consider publishing the handouts.
2、 Reform the teaching mode according to the characteristics of the curriculum
"There are methods in teaching, but there is no fixed method. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude depends on the right method". In classroom teaching, we should constantly explore new teaching methods [1]. The course of Modern Intensive Aquaculture Technology covers a wide range of disciplines, including the latest technologies in aquaculture, nutrition, prevention, aquaculture, grass science and other disciplines. However, each teacher's professional knowledge is relatively narrow, so this course has changed the teaching mode that is taught by one teacher from beginning to end like other courses. Different chapters Some teachers of different majors organize teaching, practice the teaching reform plan, summarize teaching experience, and constantly improve the content of the handout on this basis. This teaching mode has been welcomed by students, and the teaching effect has been greatly improved compared with that before the reform. Taking the final exam results of Modern Intensive Breeding Technology of 2011 and 2012 students majoring in animal science from the College of Animal Science of Guizhou University as an example, the basic learning conditions of students are explained. See Table 1 for the results. It can be seen from Table 1 that the performance of students of 2013 has improved compared with that of students of 2012, which means that students' interest in learning has been improved through teaching reform. In the future teaching, we will further reform according to students' feedback, constantly improve students' learning effect, improve teachers' teaching efficiency, promote the healthy development of the course, and build the course into an excellent course.
3、 Adopt various teaching methods according to the course content
The traditional teaching method is that teachers teach book knowledge in class, teachers write blackboard writing, and students take notes, resulting in low enthusiasm for learning [2]. The course of Modern Intensive Breeding Technology has many contents and needs to be updated constantly. If the teaching method of "one piece of chalk, one piece of blackboard" [3] is still followed, students cannot understand some new technical means and methods well, and the teaching effect will not be good. Today, with the rapid development of information technology, multimedia has been widely used in many fields. The multimedia classroom in our school is fully equipped and can be directly connected to the Internet. In this way, a large number of production pictures are added in the classroom teaching process. At the same time, with the help of video and video materials, students can more intuitively see various new facilities and equipment in the animal breeding process and understand the new industry standards, Multimedia, as a teaching means, has greatly enhanced the students' perceptual knowledge, and also enhanced their interest in professional learning, which has prompted students to take the initiative to learn. The teaching effect is good. Therefore, while constantly improving the internal handouts, the teacher team of this course is also giving play to the students' dominant position, trying to understand the students' suggestions on the courseware, and constantly updating and adjusting the multimedia courseware of this course in combination with the specific situation of the development of animal husbandry in Guizhou Province. In the future teaching, it will continue to be updated to keep up with the development of the industry and social needs.
4、 Strengthen practical teaching links and enhance students' practical ability
Practical teaching is an important platform for cultivating students' ability to analyze and solve problems, an important way to integrate theory with practice, improve students' practical ability and grasp scientific practice methods, and an effective way for students to consolidate theoretical knowledge and deepen their understanding of theoretical knowledge. Therefore, teaching and learning practice is one of the important contents of student training programs, and this course is no exception. In the teaching process of this course, the existing experimental equipment of the school is fully used to strengthen the cultivation of students' hands-on ability and innovation ability; At the same time, enhance the practicality of the course, let students visit more modern intensive farms, understand the latest breeding facilities, breeding technology and breeding mode of the specialty, eliminate the time difference between teaching and actual production application, realize the smooth connection between school study and graduation employment, deepen students' recognition of animal science specialty, and enhance professional pride, Enhance students' post employment adaptability, and provide broader space for students' employment and personal career development.
5、 Conclusion
In view of the current market demand for employment of animal science majors, our school has opened the course "Modern Intensive Breeding Technology", but there is no unified special teaching material for this course, only reference books such as "Intensive Breeding of Pigs", "Intensive Breeding of Cattle and Sheep", "Intensive Breeding of Poultry" and "Intensive Breeding of Aquatic Products", which has caused a lot of inconvenience to the teaching process, Therefore, only by completing the compilation of national materials as soon as possible can the teaching effect of this course be continuously improved. At the same time, based on the development of the industry, we should constantly update the teaching content, teaching methods and teaching means, so as to better improve students' interest in learning and learning efficiency, better reflect the significance of this course, and provide the society with talents more in line with social needs.
reference:
[1] Wu Longqin. Improving Teaching Methods and Improving Teaching Effects -- On Teaching Reform of Farming Courses [J]. Intelligence, 2009, (21): 71
[2] Zhang Anguo, Liu Geli, Wang Hong. On the reform of famous, special and excellent aquaculture technology courses in higher vocational education [J]. Journal of Liaoning Higher Vocational Education, 2013,15 (3): 44-45
Chapter 9: Model Articles on Aquaculture Professional Knowledge
[Key words] Aquaculture; Construction; development
Aquaculture is a new major opened by Huzhou Normal University in 2012. As a part of the agricultural major, it is deeply bound by the traditional concept of "light agriculture, differentiated agriculture", and faces many difficulties in the development process of this major: first, the social recognition of aquaculture major is not high, and most students believe that this major is inferior; Secondly, examinees and parents are overly worried about the employment situation of aquaculture major. Because they are not clear about the employment situation of this major, they unilaterally believe that aquaculture major is not good for employment, poor working environment and low labor remuneration. Therefore, most students are unwilling to apply for this major. In the past two years, there have been few first choice students of aquaculture major in our school, many of whom have no choice but to adjust their willingness. Their professional ideas are unstable, and many parents do not agree with the aquaculture major, fearing that their children will still be unable to "jump out of agriculture" after finishing college. These may cause some students to change their majors or even drop out of school.
However, aquaculture occupies a prominent position in China's large-scale agriculture. Aquaculture is a grain and land saving industry. It does not compete with grain for farmland, nor with livestock for grassland, which can ease the pressure of grain production. Aquatic products are high-quality food with high protein and nutrition, known as "healthy food" [1]. At present, the scale of aquaculture in China ranks first in the world. In 2012, the total output of aquatic products in China was 59076800 tons, of which the aquaculture output was 42883600 tons, accounting for more than 70% of the world output [2]. Aquaculture has become one of the pillar industries in China to earn foreign exchange through export. Lester Brown, a famous American ecological economist, believes that one of China's two major contributions to the world is "aquaculture". In addition, Huzhou Normal University, backed by South Taihu Lake, has always been a land of fish and rice with well-developed aquaculture industry, and has a unique geographical location for running a school. Aquabiology and water environment are the most important construction disciplines of our school, with key disciplines of aquatic biology in Zhejiang Province, key scientific and technological innovation teams of freshwater aquaculture in Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Development Technology of Aquatic Biological Resources, Zhejiang Academician Expert Workstation. Aquaculture specialty is a brand specialty that our university should focus on building, is also one of the important supports for applying for master's degree and building Huzhou University. It has good scientific research and experimental conditions and teaching staff, which has laid a solid foundation for the construction and development of aquaculture specialty.
In view of the difficulties and challenges faced by the construction of the new aquaculture major in our school, the author believes that we can give full play to the high-quality school running conditions and disciplinary advantages of our school's aquatic biology, strengthen the professional publicity of aquaculture, strengthen professional ideological education, create a unique talent training model for aquaculture professionals, and cultivate a solid foundation with a wide range of adaptation, Aquatic biotechnology talents with innovative ability can broaden employment channels and guide college students to start businesses to meet the needs of economic and social development. Specific measures are as follows:
1. Improve the quality of students in aquaculture
Excellent students are an important basis for professional development. Through strengthening enrollment publicity, excellent students can be attracted to engage in aquaculture. The main measures are as follows: First, construct the website of aquaculture specialty of Huzhou Normal University, and comprehensively introduce the specialty through videos, pictures and words. Through enrollment publicity, examinees and parents can have a new understanding and comprehensive understanding of the major when filling in college entrance examination volunteers, including the connotation, social needs and development prospects of aquaculture major. At the same time, relying on the breeding base and breeding laboratory of the specialty, popularize the knowledge of aquatic biology, publicize the importance of fishery production, and stimulate students' interest in the aquaculture industry; Second, excavate outstanding figures and successful cases of professional development, organize the compilation of publicity materials, and improve the popularity and social recognition of the profession.
2. Strengthen professional ideological education
Flexible and diverse education methods can be adopted, such as systematically introducing the history, current situation and development prospect of aquaculture to freshmen when they first enter the school, so that students can understand, be familiar with and love this major. In addition to lectures in conferences and classes, what is more important is to create a "celebrity forum" by inviting experts, scholars and entrepreneurs related to the specialty to give lectures in school, introduce their entrepreneurial experience, and organize students to visit leading enterprises in aquaculture, feed and food, and relevant scientific research institutions, Make students really see the hope of aquaculture, and enhance their confidence to devote themselves to aquaculture.
3. Establish a unique talent training model for aquaculture
Aquaculture is a practical and applied specialty, and aquaculture enterprises and institutions need high-quality talents. On the one hand, it is required to have strong practical ability, be able to use it, and be able to take on the technical guidance work immediately; On the other hand, students are required to have a strong spirit of innovation, be able to gradually transform the knowledge they have learned into production, and make innovative contributions that are difficult for other non professional students to make. This requires that in the teaching of aquaculture major, we should innovate the talent training mode, carry out the tutorial system, strengthen practical teaching [3-5], and make full use of the scientific research and training platform inside and outside the school to guide and train students of aquaculture major, so as to meet the needs of the development of the new situation.
3.1 Implement the tutorial system. As soon as the students enter the university, the backbone teachers of the specialty will serve as the supervisors to guide and care about the growth of students in an all-round way. From the second semester of freshman year, the instructors should set up special research and innovation projects for students to guide students to develop professional interests and research skills; After entering sophomore year, students should be organized to apply for various topics, participate in discipline competitions at all levels, guide students, apply for patents, serve local governments, etc; After entering the junior year, guide students to determine the direction of employment and postgraduate entrance examination; After entering the senior year, guide students in production practice, graduation thesis, postgraduate entrance examination or employment. Let the tutor become the "patron saint" of students' four-year undergraduate life, so as to enhance the feelings between teachers and students and consolidate the position of the major in the hearts of students.
3.2 Make full use of the favorable conditions such as the "Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biological Resources Conservation and Development Technology Research" and the practice and training bases inside and outside the school, which are supported by the major of aquaculture, set up scientific research and innovation projects for college students, and guide students to cultivate professional interests.
3.3 Strengthen practical teaching and enhance students' adaptability. The phenomenon of "valuing theory over practice" is common in talent training in normal colleges and universities. From curriculum system setting to class hour arrangement, theoretical teaching is paid more attention than practical teaching. However, aquaculture is a major with strong practicality and application, which requires students to have strong practical ability and innovative spirit. Therefore, in the course system construction of this major, it is necessary to strengthen practical teaching links, strengthen the construction of laboratories and practice training bases, and create good conditions for practical teaching [6].
3.4 Utilize the advantages of biological science discipline to cultivate "thick foundation, wide caliber, strong ability and high-quality" aquatic biotechnology talents. Emphasize the basic principles of undergraduate education of aquaculture specialty, consolidate the discipline foundation, give play to the advantages of biological science discipline possessed by the College of Life Sciences, and strengthen the opening of general courses.
3.5 Strictly enforce teaching style and improve teaching quality. Constantly explore and improve the teaching management system, require professional teachers to teach and educate people, adhere to the concept of "student-centered", pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, constantly innovate teaching methods, popularize efficient teaching models, and improve students' learning interest and efficiency.
4. Reform the training and use mechanism of teachers and strengthen the construction of the teaching staff
Pay attention to the pre job training of young teachers, and strengthen the basic skill training of young and middle-aged teachers in teaching, scientific research and practice. Establish a mechanism for full-time teachers in the school to study and exchange at the front line of relevant industries and fields, and aquatic industry elites or experts to teach part-time at the school, so as to form a high-level team of full-time and part-time teachers who understand social needs, have rich teaching experience, and love teaching. With the method of combining policies, regulations and encouragement, the existing teachers are encouraged to actively apply for and participate in research projects at all levels, publish teaching and academic papers, compile teaching materials, teaching reference books and experimental guidance books, constantly improve the popularity of the school, and lay a foundation for the further development of the profession. (Continued on page 20)
(Continued on page 57) 5 Broaden employment channels and guide college students to start businesses
Good employment and development prospects are important factors for aquaculture majors to attract high-quality students and stabilize their professional ideas. Therefore, in order to find ways to broaden the employment channels of graduates, the following measures can be taken: First, guide students to continue their postgraduate study. In recent years, the number of students taking the postgraduate entrance examination and the online rate of students in the School of Life Sciences where this major is located are second to none in our school, which has a demonstration and driving role for students taking the postgraduate entrance examination; In addition, by virtue of the advantages of biology, students can broaden their horizons for postgraduate examination, that is, graduates of this major can apply for not only aquaculture related majors, but also biology, medicine and other related majors. Second, we should make full use of the characteristics of normal colleges and universities that focus on teacher training skills, and encourage students to strengthen basic skills training. For example, take part in the certification training of Putonghua, chemical analyst, teacher certificate, accounting certificate, etc., to lay the foundation for engaging in relevant education or other work. Third, change the employment concept of students and guide them to start businesses. Students are encouraged to "work first, then choose". With the experience of successful people in the aquaculture industry, guide students to go to the grassroots, fishing areas, and biotechnology enterprises to start businesses, and provide timely help and guidance in the process of entrepreneurship.
In a word, in the construction and development of the major of aquaculture in our university, we should make full use of the disciplinary advantages of the College of Life Sciences, create a talent training model with the characteristics of the major of aquaculture, cultivate "thick foundation, wide caliber, strong ability, and high-quality" aquatic biotechnology talents, broaden employment channels, and guide college students to start their own businesses, In order to ensure the sustainable, stable and rapid development of the newly established aquaculture major.
[References]
[1] Mai Kangsen. Achievements and Prospects of China's Aquaculture and Aquafeed Industry [J]. Scientific Fish Culture, 2010 (11): 1-2
[2] Fisheries Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture. 2013 China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2013:23
[3] Shi Yaohua, Gu Zhifeng, Wang Yongqiang, et al. A preliminary study on practical teaching and applied talent training of aquaculture science [J]. Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology, 2009, 30 (8): 77-79
[4] Zheng Liping. On the Role of Scientific Research Tutorial System in Talent Cultivation in Colleges and Universities [J]. Heilongjiang Higher Education Research, 2005 (6): 156-157
