Foreword: The birth of a good article requires you to constantly collect data and sort out ideas. This website has collected a wealth of model articles on the theme of aquaculture professional introduction for you, which are only for reference. Welcome to read and collect.
Part 1: Sample Introduction to Aquaculture
Key words: mariculture; Classroom teaching; Optimization strategy
CLC No.: G642.0 Document Code: A Article No.: 1674-9324 (2012) 12-0196-02
With the deployment of the national planning outline of implementing the marine power strategy and relying on the marine economy to promote regional economic development, coastal provinces and cities have entered the golden period of rapid growth of the marine economy. Jiangsu Province is a major marine province in China. As the most active coastal plate in China's economy, the Yangtze River Delta has a coastline of 954 kilometers, and accounts for about 1/4 of the coastal beach resources in the country. However, the proportion of its marine GDP in the regional GDP is far lower than that of most coastal provinces. Therefore, for Jiangsu Province, the development of marine economy has ushered in unprecedented opportunities, but also faces enormous challenges, including the relative shortage of talents needed for the development of marine economy. At present, there are only 12 sea related majors in more than 120 colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province, including 5 new majors approved by the Ministry of Education in 2011. The newly added marine biological resources and environment specialty of Yangzhou University aims to cultivate application-oriented talents with environmental awareness in marine biological resources and beach development. Its main courses include a professional compulsory course - mariculture. The main teaching content of this course is to introduce the general situation and development trend of mariculture in the world and China, as well as the basic principles and specific processes of mariculture; Taking the important economic breeding varieties in China as an example, combined with the breeding production practice, the main breeding technologies and models at home and abroad are introduced; On this basis, in combination with the national mariculture development strategy and needs, guide students to explore ways to achieve low-carbon, efficient and sustainable development of mariculture, and cultivate students' ability to think and explore independently. Currently, it is mainly engaged in mariculture Aquaculture major There are about a dozen institutions of higher learning, among which Ocean University of China, Ocean University of Shanghai, Ocean University of Guangdong, Dalian Fisheries College and many other universities are well known. In its curriculum, specialized courses are set up separately for ichthyology, shrimp and crab aquaculture, shellfish, algae, etc. The teaching content of each specialized course varies from more than 30 class hours, and the teaching content is required to be detailed and comprehensive. In contrast, there are fewer colleges and universities that take mariculture science as a professional course, and there is no special teaching material at or above the provincial level to guide at present, so the implementation of teaching activities is very difficult. Through continuous exploration and practice, we have compatible and integrated multiple professional courses related to mariculture from the following three aspects, realizing the purpose of improving teaching effect and completing teaching tasks efficiently.
1、 Strengthen key knowledge points from point to area
Mariculture covers a wide range of contents, and the comprehensiveness of the teaching content must be taken into account in the development of the syllabus. There are eight main teaching chapters, including introduction, basic principles and processes of mariculture, large-scale seaweed culture, marine shrimp and crab culture, marine shellfish culture, marine treasure culture, and low-carbon healthy culture. Among them, five chapters are rich in content and knowledge, namely, macroalgae, marine shrimp and crab, marine shellfish, marine fish and marine treasure cultivation. Most relevant majors in colleges and universities regard it as an independent professional course, and the relatively sufficient class hours ensure the completion of the course content. In order to integrate and teach such a large amount of content through the specialized course of mariculture, we must carry out the teaching process from point to area and strengthen the key knowledge points. First, apply one point to one area, and discard all aspects. For the cultivation of large seaweeds, marine shrimp and crab, marine shellfish, marine fish and marine treasures, select representative economic aquaculture varieties with mature or relatively mature biological and aquaculture technologies. For example, their corresponding kelp, vannamei shrimp, scallop, turbot, sea cucumber, etc. are representative varieties that lead the "five waves" of mariculture and the development of blue economy in China. Focusing on the knowledge points of biology and culture technology related to these five kinds of breeding varieties, we can carry out the teaching tasks and objectives of the corresponding five chapters of algae, shrimp and crab, shellfish, fish and seafood. Secondly, strengthen the teaching of key knowledge points to avoid generalizing from one part to the whole. The differences of organisms of different varieties in the same category must correspond to the differences in their seedling raising techniques and adult breeding techniques. If only the five breeding varieties mentioned above are taught as examples, it is inevitable that students will be misled by generalizations. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the reference varieties to clarify the key biological learning and the differences in the operation technology of the breeding process. The laver, Chinese shrimp and swimming crab, oyster, grouper and abalone can be selected as reference varieties correspondingly.
2、 Learn from the past and introduce the new, focus on the hot spots and frontier
As a professional course for senior students, mariculture is based on several professional basic courses learned by junior students, such as marine science introduction , marine biology, marine environmental chemistry, microbiology, plankton biology, marine ecology, etc. In the teaching process, it involves many theoretical knowledge related to the previous courses, especially the biology of breeding varieties, and the chemistry, microbiology, ecology, etc. applied in breeding technology. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the past and introduce the new. On the basis of a brief review of the previous knowledge points involved, new knowledge points and technical points are introduced. In this way, we can connect the preceding with the following, deepen students' understanding of knowledge points, and avoid the ignorance of new knowledge points of this course due to the forgetting or incomprehension of previous knowledge points. At the same time, it is also necessary to carry out relevant seedling raising and cultivation techniques from the perspective of the historical development of breeding, so that students can understand the key points of relevant methods and technology updates. For example, the progress of scientific and technological means, the renewal and development of breeding projects and equipment have played a great role in promoting the breeding technology, especially the use of aerators and other inflatable equipment has accelerated the development of intensive and factory farming. The application of anti wind wave and digital cage equipment has realized the offshore cultivation of a variety of valuable fish and deep-water cage cultivation; The effective integration of water treatment technologies such as microbiology and the comprehensive aquaculture technology of multiple trophic levels have promoted the sustainable development of low-carbon, efficient and clean aquaculture. In addition, the focus on hot issues and development trends related to mariculture, as well as the explanation of cutting-edge technologies, can enable students to understand the development level and some new concepts of aquaculture industry at home and abroad, and master new achievements and new technologies generated by scientific research. For example, the environmental pressure caused by the mariculture industry has promoted the concept of multi trophic level comprehensive aquaculture, low-carbon healthy aquaculture and related aquaculture technologies; The research achievements of microbiology have derived microecological agents and biological floc technology, and have been applied to the intensive cultivation of shrimp and fish; The development of genetic breeding technology has promoted the breeding and breeding of high stress resistant varieties and new varieties; The study of viral pathology has promoted the continuous updating of various disease prevention methods such as Chinese herbal medicine preparations.
3、 Focus on application and introduce case teaching
The teaching goal of mariculture is to enable students to master the basic theory, concept, skills and new trends of economic marine species breeding, and cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems so as to become application-oriented and innovative talents. Therefore, the teaching content needs to be designed centered on the application of breeding production activities, so as to avoid the employment of students with high vision but low skill and being at a loss when encountering practical problems. The information fed back to the school by enterprises related to mariculture is that students only know one thing and do not know the other, lacking basic operation ability and poor ability to deal with emergencies. These problems just reflect that the teaching process pays more attention to theory and ignores the shortcomings of applied teaching. Strengthen the teaching of knowledge points required for production and application, pay attention to the analysis and comparison of production activities, cultivate students' ability to analyze specific problems, avoid "learning without thinking", and make them use divergent thinking to break the rigid way of thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the specific details of production and application in the teaching process, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds, the layout of aerators, the treatment of water inlet and drainage, and even the use of circular or oval nursery ponds to avoid damage to young people. Case teaching method is a good solution. By enumerating specific events of production activities and combining theoretical knowledge points for analysis, explanation and discussion, students' interest in learning can be stimulated and their understanding of classroom content can be deepened. For example, the problem of larval malformation in the process of breeding is analyzed step by step from the key nodes such as parent breeding, feeding of bait, water for breeding, controllability of environmental factors, etc. to eliminate and find the problem; During the cultivation process, the sudden drop of water temperature caused by weather changes, the decline of aquaculture water quality caused by the outbreak of red tide in the surrounding sea area, and the spread of diseases caused by the lack of cutting means of exogenous viruses or pathogens are the key factors causing the failure of cultivation.
In order to deepen students' understanding and application of knowledge points related to production activities, pictures, objects and videos should be effectively combined in the teaching process, and literal descriptions should be avoided as far as possible. For example, introduce the difference between male and female in biology, the description of disease symptoms, the construction of the breeding farm and the inflatable equipment, etc. The technology of seedling production and cultivation is combined with relevant video materials, while introducing relevant website information and science and education TV channels to students, such as CCTV Channel 2 "How to Make Money" and Channel 7 "Getting Rich".
reference:
[1] The 12th Five Year Plan for Marine Economic Development of Jiangsu Province [Z]. SZBF [2011] No. 94
[2] Zhou Xiaojian, Jin Cuili, Dong Kunming, Miao Li, Feng Ke Cultivation of marine science and technology talents under Jiangsu coastal development strategy [J]. China Science and Technology Information, 2011, (14): 170-17
Part 2: Sample Introduction to Aquaculture
China's agricultural security refers to taking effective national action to avoid the changes of internal and external factors endangering the basic industrial status of China's agriculture in the national economy and ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. The basic position of China's agriculture in the national economy determines that agricultural security is of great significance to national economic security. As the basic industry of the national economy, agriculture is related to the overall situation of China's reform, opening up and modernization in the 21st century. First, grain production plays an important strategic role in the national economy. China has a huge population, and the grain industry is a strategic industry related to the national economy and people's livelihood in the 21st century. Due to population growth, income level improvement and acceleration of rural urbanization, China's food demand will continue to grow in the future. The big country effect of grain demand determines that the important strategic position of grain industry in China's agriculture and national economy will be further strengthened in the 21st century. Second, agriculture is the industry that contains the most labor force. At present, the proportion of agricultural employees in the whole society is 50%. Third, farmers are a huge consumer group. The daily consumption of rural residents in China is 4.96 billion yuan, accounting for 46% of the daily consumption of Chinese residents. The strategic position of China's grain production in the national economy and the close relationship between agriculture and the national economy determine that China's agricultural security is the foundation of national economic security. Agricultural insecurity will inevitably endanger the security of the national economy. National economic security must ensure agricultural security.
2、 Challenges to China's Agricultural Security in the 21st Century
Agricultural safety, like the safety of other industries, must be in four states as a whole: safety, potential insecurity, apparent insecurity and crisis. (Note: Introduction to National Economic Security [M]. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Publishing House, 2000.4. Professor Lei Jia said that a country's economy as a whole can be divided into four states: security, potential insecurity, apparent insecurity, and crisis. This paper believes that the security of the agricultural industry can also be divided into these four states. ）Looking forward to the 21st century, due to the combined effect of the internal factors affecting China's agricultural security and the external factors of China's agricultural development, China's agricultural security presents a trend of evolution from potential insecurity to apparent insecurity and even crisis.
（1） Internal worries about China's agricultural security
1. The agricultural ecological environment has further deteriorated. The unsustainable use of agricultural resources, the decline of rural environmental quality and the aggravation of ecological deterioration in China have not been effectively curbed, and the degree of agricultural resources and ecological destruction in some areas is still increasing. There is a big gap between the utilization of cultivated land, grassland, fishery resources and forest land resources and the requirements of sustainable agricultural development in China. According to the 2000 China Environmental Status Bulletin, the area of potassium deficient farmland in China has accounted for 56% of the total area of farmland. More than 50% of the cultivated land is deficient in trace elements, 70-80% of the cultivated land is deficient in nutrients, and 20-30% of the cultivated land is excessive in nitrogen nutrients. Due to insufficient input of organic fertilizer and unbalanced use of chemical fertilizer, the cultivated soil is degraded, the cultivated layer is shallower, the cultivated ability is worse, and the capacity of water holding fertilizer is reduced. 90% of the grassland in China has been degraded to varying degrees, and the area of grassland with moderate degradation has reached half. Organic matter pollution is widespread in major rivers, water pollution is increasingly prominent, and eutrophication of major lakes is serious. The loss of forest land resources in China is extremely serious. The increase in the use of pesticides and fertilizers has caused harm to the rural environment, and the new pollution caused by the intensive development of animal husbandry and aquaculture is increasing. In 2000, according to the incomplete statistics of the State Environmental Protection Administration on 23 provinces (districts and cities), 891 agricultural environmental pollution accidents occurred, polluting 40000 hectares of farmland, causing 24.89 million kilograms of agricultural and livestock products and 220 million yuan of direct economic losses. The degradation of resources and the decline of rural environmental quality have further tightened the constraints of resources and environment on China's sustainable agricultural development in the 21st century.
2. The supply of basic production factors for grain production has reached the warning line endangering food security. The supply of cultivated land and water resources in China is difficult to meet the sustainable growth of food production. The total amount of cultivated land in China is only 7% of that in the world. By the end of 2000, the per capita area of cultivated land in China was 0.101 hectares Less than half of the world's per capita arable land. The per capita cultivated land area in nearly 1/3 of the counties is lower than the warning line of 0.8 mu set by FAO. The total amount of fresh water resources in China is only 8% of the world's total amount of fresh water resources, and the water resources per unit of cultivated land area is only 50% of the world's average level. China has been listed by the United Nations as one of the poor water countries in the world with a shortage of water resources per capita. (Note: Li Xiaoxi. The Situation and Countermeasures of China's Strategic Resources in the New Century [J]. China Economic Network 50 Person Forum ）From now on to 2030, as the population of our country increases at the rate of more than 10 million per year, the acceleration of urbanization will occupy millions of acres of arable land every year. Therefore, the situation that China's per capita cultivated land resource level breaks through the international warning line is not only difficult to ease, but also likely to further develop. Although there has been a continuous oversupply problem in China's grain production since 1995, the relative surplus of grain in recent years is at the cost of the deterioration of the ecological environment. In the long run, under the increasing pressure of economic development and population growth on cultivated land and water resources, how to avoid further ecological deterioration while ensuring China's food security is a basic challenge for China's agricultural security.
3. China's agricultural production system does not adapt to the growing demand for quality and safety of agricultural products in the 21st century. China's current agricultural production system has been developed in pursuit of the goal of increasing the quantity of agricultural products. In the stage of economic development to solve the problem of "food and clothing", the goal of agricultural security is to get enough food. Food security equals agricultural security. After solving the problem of food and clothing, with the growth of urban and rural residents' income level, China has entered a period of upgrading the consumption structure and pursuing consumption quality. Looking forward to the 21st century, agricultural safety not only requires agricultural production in sufficient quantity, but also requires improving the quality and safety of agricultural products. The consumption demand for pollution-free agricultural products will become the main driving force of future agricultural production with the growth of urban and rural residents' income. At present, the main feature of China's agricultural production system is to adopt the small-scale decentralized management mode of farmers and rely on the input of modern production factors such as fertilizers and pesticides to obtain and maintain a high level of land output. Although fertilizers, pesticides and hormone containing growth agents ensure the high yield of agricultural products, shorten the growth period of agricultural products, and reduce the production cost of unit agricultural products, they reduce the internal quality of agricultural products, and even directly endanger human health. In the past two years, the quality and safety problems of agricultural products in China have repeatedly endangered people's health. One important reason is that the agricultural production system established around the goal of increasing production does not adapt to the upgrading of the demand structure for agricultural products from the demand for food and clothing characterized by the pursuit of quantity to the demand for a well-off society characterized by the pursuit of health and nutrition. After the problem of food and clothing is solved, how to develop green food production and meet the people's demand for the quality and safety of agricultural products has become a major challenge for China's agricultural production system.
（2） The Medium and Long term Effects of China's Agriculture's Integration into the World System: the Risk of Agricultural Dependent Development and Marginalization
Joining WTO means that China's agriculture is brought into the world system through trade liberalization. During the transition period after China's accession to the WTO, as China has promised to reduce import tariffs on agricultural products and increase the import quota (in total) of wheat, corn and rice from the current 14.4 million tons to 21.8 million tons, China's imports of agricultural products will increase significantly. This will undoubtedly occupy the market of domestic agricultural products. However, considering the huge scale of the total production of China's major agricultural products and the restrictions of tariff quotas, the slow increase of the dependence of China's agricultural products supply and demand on import and export trade at a low level will not endanger China's agricultural security. The threat to China's agricultural security comes from the medium and long-term effects of China's agricultural integration into the world system. After China's entry into WTO, the development of agricultural trade liberalization will promote China's agriculture to carry out extensive and profound changes in accordance with the mechanism of globalization. In the medium and long term, as China's agriculture is in a rather unfavorable competitive position in the world system, it faces the risk of dependent development and marginalization. The dependent development of China's agriculture refers to the development of China's agricultural export oriented advanced sectors and regions, which cannot develop independently due to the dual dependence on the international market and foreign advanced technology. The marginalization of China's agriculture means that the main composition of China's agricultural economy and most of the agricultural based areas cannot share the benefits of globalization in the process of integration into the world system, and the gap between China and the developed agricultural countries as well as the prosperous advanced departments and regions in China is getting wider and wider, tending to depression and decline.
1. The risks of China's agricultural dependent development mainly come from the liberalization of trade, the accelerated entry of international capital into China's agricultural industry with development potential, and the huge gap in agricultural technology between China and developed countries.
In the next 15-30 years, trade liberalization will end China's image of long-term self-sufficiency in agriculture. After the end of the transition period after China's accession to the WTO, the trend of China's agricultural exports from land intensive products to labor-intensive products will be strengthened. The share of livestock and poultry, aquatic products, vegetables, fruits, tobacco and other products with comparative advantages in the international market will further increase. The import share of land intensive products such as wheat, corn, oilseeds and cotton will further increase in the international market due to their lack of comparative advantages. Trade liberalization will greatly increase the dependence on foreign trade of China's agriculture in the future, and the impact of changes and fluctuations in demand in the international market on China's agriculture will increase accordingly, thus significantly increasing the dependence of China's agricultural development on the international market.
Capital flows around the world and the growth of direct investment in developing countries is a major feature of agricultural internationalization. In recent years, with the expansion of China's agricultural opening up, foreign investment has accelerated the pace of entering China's agriculture. At present, there are more than 9400 agricultural foreign investment projects in China, and the amount of foreign investment under agreement is more than US $18 billion. From the practice in recent years, the most prominent role in China's agricultural foreign exchange earnings and farmers' income is the introduction of international capital leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization. After multinational companies entered China, they took the lead in internationalization of agriculture in some coastal areas and the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities by establishing specialized and standardized agricultural production bases, providing excellent crop and livestock varieties, investing in deep processing of agricultural products, and exporting markets. These are regarded as models for the vast underdeveloped areas in China's rural areas, and the regions that take the lead in internationalization have a high dependence on international capital. From the introduction of new foreign varieties, modern processing equipment for primary agricultural products to export channels and markets, every important link in agricultural production can not be separated from international capital. Due to the dependence on transnational corporations in the export market, base construction, processing equipment and other major links, the development of these advanced agricultural regions in China has become dependent development led by transnational corporations.
In terms of technology, China is generally backward in advanced and applicable agricultural technology and frontier agricultural technology research and development fields related to the fate of agricultural development in the 21st century. In terms of a number of advanced and applicable technologies that play an important role in the development of contemporary agriculture, China's main pesticides, high-quality fertilizers, and 90% of its grandparents' original chickens are imported from abroad, modern greenhouses rely on Netherlands, America and France, and water-saving technologies rely on Israel. (Note: Shi Yuanchun. Developing China's agricultural science and technology industry [N]. People's Daily, 2001-06-11.) In the frontier agricultural technology research and development field that dominates the agricultural prospects in the 21st century, the gap between China and developed countries in the research and industrialization of agricultural high-tech represented by transgenic engineering technology is an important factor leading to the risk of China's agricultural dependent development. Since the mid-1980s, the development of genetic engineering technology and its application in foreign countries has progressed rapidly. According to the network data of the International Statistical Information Center of the National Bureau of Statistics, at present, nearly 90 kinds of genetically modified plant products have been approved for commercial application in foreign countries, and the planting area of global genetically modified crops has shown a trend of rapid expansion, from 2 million hectares in 1996 to 39.9 million hectares in 1999. Although China has made some progress in the research of transgenic technology, and has more than 180 transgenic plants with different traits, 15 species have entered the pilot test or field experiment. At present, only transgenic insect resistant cotton has obtained the commercial production license of the national gene safety assessment, and genetic engineering vaccines cannot be produced so far. In recent years, some multinational companies engaged in the research and development of genetically modified crops, such as Monsanto, have begun to enter the Chinese market. Due to the huge gap in research and market development, the only transgenic insect resistant cotton in China that has obtained the commercial production license of national gene safety assessment has been overwhelmed by multinational companies once entering the market. The case of multinational gene seed companies promoting genetically modified crops and realizing seed monopoly by registering gene patents and relying on their strong strength shows that in the era of globalization, the technological competition in the world market is often "winner takes all". If we do not rapidly improve the innovation ability and technology industrialization ability of China's agricultural science and technology, especially agricultural high-tech, It is difficult for China's agricultural development to avoid falling into the passive situation of technology dependence due to technology gap.
As China's agriculture is further integrated into the world system, cooperation with the international market, international capital and foreign advanced technology will continue to strengthen. In the face of the globalization of market, technology and capital, if we do not have the due vigilance and vigilance, and lack the plan of independent development of agriculture, then, according to the mechanism of globalization, the use of international markets, international capital and foreign advanced technology will make the expansion and opening up of China's agriculture a process of expanding and deepening the development of China's agricultural dependence.
2. The risk of China's agricultural marginalization in the world system comes from the extremely unfavorable competitive position of China's agriculture in the long-term competition of the world market and the low level of China's agricultural protection.
The main reason for the extremely unfavorable competitive position of China's agriculture in the process of being incorporated into the world system is that there is a huge gap between China and the developed agricultural countries such as the United States in terms of per capita ownership of arable land and water resources, agricultural labor productivity, and agricultural scientific research and development. These gaps are difficult to narrow in the short term. China's per capita arable land is only 15% of the United States, 3.6% of Australia, 6.5% of Canada, and 11.6% of Russia. China's per capita freshwater resources are only 25% of the United States, 12.2% of Australia, 2.5% of Canada, and 7.5% of Russia. China's agricultural labor productivity is 307 US dollars, equivalent to 0.78% of the United States, 1% of Australia and 12.4% of Russia. Although China's per capita cultivated land resource level is close to India's (0.17 hectares), higher than Japan's (0.03 hectares per capita) and South Korea's (0.04 hectares per capita), China's agricultural productivity is only 75.6% of India's, 0.98% of Japan's, and 2.63% of South Korea's. (Note: Calculated according to the data provided by the following data: World Bank. World Development Report 2000/2001, Fighting Poverty [M]. Beijing: China Financial and Economic Publishing House. 2001.292-295.) Compared with the developed agricultural countries in Europe and the United States, China's agricultural research and advanced technology are generally 15-20 years behind. The problem of the disconnection between agricultural science and technology and economy in China has not been fundamentally solved so far. In view of the fact that China's efforts to promote rural urbanization and transform farmers into citizens are a long-term historical process, the system conducive to agricultural scientific and technological innovation and agricultural scientific and technological industrialization is difficult to achieve in a short time. Therefore, the relative disadvantages of China's agriculture in terms of per capita resources, agricultural labor productivity, and agricultural scientific research and development are difficult to reverse in the short term. This makes China's agriculture in a very unfavorable competitive position in the process of agricultural globalization in the 21st century. History shows that in the process of building the world economic order through interdependence and conflict, the basic mechanism of agricultural globalization is that the agricultural developed countries strengthen the oppression of the agricultural underdeveloped countries, and the advanced agricultural production methods marginalize the traditional and backward agricultural production methods and even have to withdraw from the competition. From the experience of agricultural development in Japan and other countries, in the case of uncompetitive agriculture, strong government protection of agriculture is an indispensable condition for agricultural development. Due to various factors, there is a big gap between China and the advanced countries in the world in the ability and level of agricultural protection. China's agriculture has been in a state of negative protection for a long time in history. At present, China's agricultural subsidies account for about 5% of agricultural output value. China's agricultural subsidy expenditure is about 3.5 billion dollars, while that of the United States is 22 billion dollars. Considering that the transformation of the country from plundering agriculture to protecting agriculture does not have a social and political basis at present, it is difficult to narrow the gap between China's ability and level of agricultural protection and that of developed countries in the future for a long time. In the absence of strong national support and protection for agriculture, the gap between the main backward part of China's agriculture and the modern part of China's agricultural internationalization is bound to become larger and larger, facing the huge risk of marginalization in the world system.
3、 Strategies to ensure China's agricultural security in the 21st century
In view of the evolution of China's agricultural security from potential insecurity to apparent insecurity and even crisis, effective national action must be taken to formulate a national agricultural security strategy for the 21st century.
According to the analysis of the internal and external factors affecting China's agricultural security, the guiding ideology of ensuring China's agricultural security strategy in the 21st century is to seek the coordinated development of economy and environment, and avoid the agricultural unsustainable crisis caused by the sharp contradiction between population, resources and environment. In the process of economic globalization, we should seek the independent development of agriculture and resolve the risk of dependent development and marginalization of China's agriculture in the process of globalization.
1. Implement the strategy of sustainable agricultural development. Make full use of the opportunity of joining WTO, moderately increase grain imports, use international resources and markets to reduce the pressure on China's agricultural resources and environment, cooperate with the guidance of consumer demand and the formation of a diet structure that conforms to China's national conditions, and create a relatively loose environment for sustainable agricultural development. Secondly, strengthen the protection of water and soil resources, especially cultivated land resources, increase the investment in ecological environment management, and improve the rural ecological environment. We should pay attention to inheriting the methods and experience accumulated by the Chinese nation in thousands of years of agricultural production practice to maintain the balance of the agricultural ecosystem, and learn from the theory and practice of developing sustainable agriculture abroad to form a system and technical support system conducive to the sustainable development of China's agriculture.
2. Promote the construction of China's agricultural innovation system. (1) Innovation of agricultural production system. As soon as possible, formulate and implement the agricultural quality standard system and laws that conform to international rules, reduce and prevent food pollution through the innovation of production system, promote the development of green food production, and solve the problem of disconnection between the agricultural production system and the demand for consumption safety. (2) Construction of agricultural science and technology innovation system. We will deepen the reform of the agricultural science and technology system and promote the close integration of agricultural science and technology with the economy. While strengthening cutting-edge and basic research and tackling key problems, actively promote the industrialization of agricultural science and technology, and cultivate and cultivate a large number of agricultural science and technology enterprises with international competitiveness. Through the innovation of agricultural science and technology system, accelerate the progress of agricultural science and technology, narrow the gap between China and developed countries in agricultural science and technology, and realize the leapfrog development of China's agricultural technology. (3) Agricultural organization innovation. Develop agricultural industrialization organizations that organically combine the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products, promote each other, and rationally distribute profits, so as to improve the systematization of farmers. Break through the restrictions of departments and regions, and cultivate a large number of leading agricultural industrialization enterprises with international competitiveness that can drive farmers to develop specialized and large-scale commodity production.
