Central Meteorological Observatory: National Agrometeorological Weekly Report (June 3, 2024)

Source: Website of the Central Meteorological Observatory

The next ten days Wheat harvest area The weather is fine benefit Accelerate mechanical harvesting south rainy to guard against Farmland waterlogging

1、 This week Weather characteristics And agricultural impact analysis

one .1 Weather characteristics of this week

This week (May 2024 month twenty-six Day- six month one day ）, China Most agricultural areas The temperature is close to the same period of the year or higher 1~ two ℃ ； Western Xinjiang Eastern Inner Mongolia Heilongjiang Most Jilin, Liaoning north Ministry Central Anhui The gas temperature in other places is 1~4 ℃ lower than that in normal years , including Heilongjiang east Low in the south and northwest of Jilin four ~6 ℃ (Figure 1). Most of the rural areas appear 10～ 50mm precipitation , Northeast China Middle East Most of the South yes 50~100mm (Figure 2), close to the same period of the year or more than 30% to 4 times; But most of North China and the south of Huanghuai River Equidistant The precipitation is more than 50% less than normal. Eastern Inner Mongolia northeast region Most Northwest China large Bu, Jiangnan west South China, most of South China, central and southern parts of Southwest China, etc The sunshine is less than usual 3 ～9 Yes, the rest Most The region is close to the same period of the year (Figure 3).

Figure 1 National Average Temperature Anomaly

Figure 2 Precipitation in China

Figure 3 Percentage of National Sunshine Anomaly

one .2 Impact of weather on agricultural production this week

Winter wheat area in the north this week Most with Clear good Weather, Good for winter wheat filling Milk ripeness And mature wheat harvesting and drying ； On May 26, Huanghuai River and 28-29, it appeared in the middle east of northwest China The obvious precipitation process is conducive to improving soil moisture and promoting the full filling of winter wheat 。 The shallow soil moisture in most parts of North China, the western part of the Yellow River and Huaihe River, and the central and northern part of Shaanxi is biased, and the drought in areas with insufficient irrigation conditions is developing Corn , potatoes cotton The seedling growth of spring sowing crops is unfavorable. The light and heat conditions in most parts of Northeast China are poor, Too much precipitation one ~ 4x There are 5-7 days of precipitation in the central and eastern regions soil too Wet, resulting in slow growth of crop seedlings in dry land, and late returning period of rice seedlings. The light and temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are normal, Rainfall improves soil moisture and increases reservoir storage In favor of one crop rice and cotton Equal seedling growth; but The strong precipitation process on 26-27 and 30-31 Short term waterlogging occurred in low-lying farmland, Local rice, flue-cured tobacco, vegetables, etc Disaster , Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu Of The wheat harvest in the south is temporarily blocked 。 Most rainy days in South China are 5-6 days, The light is obviously less, June 1st Typhoon Marius Landing in Guangdong Bring strong wind and rain to coastal areas, It is not conducive to young panicle differentiation of early rice, dry land crop growth, fruit quality formation, mature fruit picking and disease and insect control.

II Prediction and suggestions on the impact of future weather on agricultural production

It is estimated that in the next 10 days, The precipitation in the central and southern part of North China, Huanghuai River, Jianghuai River and other places is relatively low , conducive to the mature harvest of winter wheat , but in some areas soil Increased lack of soil moisture , drought Like outcrop or development ， Unfavorable to the growth of spring sowing crops and the development of summer planting ； June 3-5 days, east of northwest China , Western North China If there are showers or thunderstorms in other places, the wheat harvest process will be affected temporarily 。 Northeast China Most of the temperature is close to the same period of the year, with Intermittent precipitation Mainly , which is beneficial to the green tillering of single cropping rice and the growth of dry land crops; However, in eastern Jilin, northeastern Liaoning and other places, there are more precipitation days, and soil moisture may continue, which is slightly detrimental to the growth of dry land crop roots. Continuous rainy weather in South China and Southwest China , where, June three - On the 5th, there will be moderate to heavy rain in Guizhou, the middle and east of Yunnan, the middle and west of Jiangnan, and most of South China. There will be heavy rain in parts of central and southern Guizhou, and most of Guangxi, Local Severe convective weather accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall, thunderstorm and gale ； From June to September, moderate to heavy rain still occurred in Guizhou, north central South China and most parts of Jiangnan, local rainstorm ； Strong precipitation Causing waterlogging in low-lying areas High risk ， Not good for early rice Jointing booting and litchi 、 Mangoes and other fruits Quality formation and mature fruit picking (Figure 4), also Easily triggered Occurrence and development of diseases and pests.

Suggestion: The northern winter wheat area has entered Wide range mechanical recovery During the key period, local governments should Do a good job of agricultural machinery scheduling, grasp fine and clear weather Rush to collect Snatch sun ， and timely Ventilated storage ； The harvested area should hurry to sow seeds while the soil is still moist Moisture production Sowing summer maize, summer soybean And other crops to ensure the sowing quality 。 The northern spring sowing areas should do a good job of field classification management according to seedling and moisture content to promote healthy growth ； North China, Northwest China etc. Water resources should be actively developed in areas with soil moisture deficiency 。 In areas with more precipitation in the south, we should actively clean ditches and manage canals, Drainage and waterlogging reduction to ensure the normal growth of local crops, economic forests and fruits. Early rice planting area Do a good job in water and fertilizer management at booting stage to promote large ears formation One crop rice should be well applied with "fertilizer delivery" to promote Return to green as soon as possible after transplanting. In addition, Local governments also need to monitor and control the diseases and pests of crops in the field, especially The southern rice area should be close follow "Two shifts" pest and Diseases and insect pests such as rice blast and rice leaf roller Development trends, timely carry out unified defense rule 。

Figure 4 Focus of Agricultural Meteorology in the Next Ten Days

Appendix I Monitoring of Crop Growth and Development

Schedule one Statistics of winter wheat development in major provinces this week

Schedule two Statistics of development process of double cropping early rice in major provinces this week

Schedule three Statistics on the development process of one season rice in major provinces this week

Schedule four Statistics of development process of spring maize in major provinces this week

Schedule five Statistics of cotton development in major provinces this week

Schedule six Statistics of soybean development in major provinces this week

Annex II. Soil moisture monitoring

Attached drawings one 20cm soil moisture

Attached drawings two six month one Statistics of soil moisture of 20cm per day by province (percentage of stations)

Appendix III Meteorological Suitability Index for Crop Growth

Attached drawings 3 Meteorological suitability index for spring maize growth

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