Transferred from: Sichuan Consumer Affairs Commission
With outdoor sports and holiday travel increasingly becoming a new way of life for people, wearing lightweight and comfortable sunscreen clothing or skin clothing with UV protection functions has gradually become a common choice for people to go out in summer for effective sunscreen. Sun proof clothing is a kind of clothing specially designed for outdoor activities, and its fabric has a high anti ultraviolet ability; Outdoor sun protection skin clothing is generally made of textile fabric with UV protection function as the main fabric for outdoor wear. Both sun protection clothing and skin clothing have sun protection function in essence. In order to understand the quality of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing in the market of Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle, provide consumers with true and objective product information, safeguard consumers' right to know and choose, and guide consumers to choose sunscreen clothing and skin clothing scientifically and reasonably, Chongqing Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Committee (hereinafter referred to as Chongqing Municipal Consumer Council) Sichuan Consumer Protection Committee (hereinafter referred to as Sichuan Consumer Protection Committee) jointly entrusted a third-party testing agency to carry out a comparative test of 20 types of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing in Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle.
1、 Selection and purchase of samples
The samples of this comparative test were randomly purchased by staff of Chongqing Municipal Committee of Consumer Affairs and Sichuan Provincial Committee of Consumer Affairs as ordinary consumers in offline stores and online e-commerce platforms of Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle. Online and offline A total of 20 samples were purchased, including 10 online samples purchased from Tmall, Jingdong Mall, Tiaoyin Mall, Vipshop, etc. The sample brands purchased include Guirenniao, Antarctica, Langsha ®、 PELLIOT, Bananain, Jiaonei, JEEP SPIRIT, Ranrun, Jeanswest, VVC, OhSunny; 10 offline samples were purchased from shopping centers and specialty stores in Sichuan and Chongqing, including Imixpark, MIXC, Times Sky Street, Shihao Plaza, CapitaLand Plaza, etc. The sample brands purchased include MUJI Muji, Beneender, Bosiden, UNIQLO (Uniqlo), Shiwuji, LI-NING PEAK SEMIR、DECATHLON、 Pure ®， The purchase price ranges from 49.9 yuan to 399.2 yuan. See Table 1 for the basic information of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples.
Table 1 Basic information of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples
(Ranked from the lowest to the highest according to the purchase price of samples)
2、 Test items and basis
This comparative test of 20 types of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing mainly tested 17 items of the sample's safety, functionality and intuitiveness in three categories. The test basis is National Basic Safety Technical Code for Textile Products (GB 18401-2010), Instructions for the Use of Consumer Goods Part 4 Instructions for the Use of Textiles and Clothing (GB/T 5296.4-2012), Identification of Textile Fiber Content (GB/T 29862-2013), Evaluation of Textiles' UV Protection Performance (GB/T 18830-2009) National standards such as Determination of Air Permeability of Textiles and Fabrics (GB/T 5453-1997), Test Method for Moisture Permeability of Textiles and Fabrics Part 1: Moisture Absorption Method (GB/T 12704.1-2009). See Table 2 for the test items and basis of the comparative test of 20 types of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing.
Table 2 Test items and basis for comparative test of 20 sunscreen clothes and skin clothes
3、 Main conclusions
1. The test results of 17 items of the safety, functionality and intuitiveness indicators of the comparative test of 20 types of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing meet the requirements of national standards. Among them, the test results of the product instruction items with intuitive indicators show that there are two samples (Langsha ® The measured result of the ultraviolet protection performance of the coat, PELLIOT Birch and men's skin coat is UPF>40, and the test results all meet the requirements of relevant standards. However, it is inconsistent with the UPF (ultraviolet protection factor) claimed by its website ® The coat web page is declared as UPF50+, and the Pelliot Birch and men's skin clothing web page is declared as UPF50+. In view of the above problems, the Chongqing Municipal Committee of Consumer Affairs and the Sichuan Provincial Committee of Consumer Affairs have urged two business entities to standardize management and operate in compliance, and suggested that relevant departments strengthen supervision. After reviewing the rectification of the operator, the operator has timely removed PELLIOT Birch and men's skin clothing products from the shelves, and ® The website publicity of outerwear products shall be corrected if it does not conform to the actual content.
2. According to the requirements of Evaluation of Textiles' UV Protection Performance (GB/T 18830-2009), "When the UPF of the sample is>40 and T (UVA) AV is<5%, it can be called 'UV protection product'", the test results of 20 sun protection clothing and skin clothing samples this time all meet the national standards, indicating that the manufacturer pays more attention to the functional requirements of the product.
3. This comparative test shows that the quality of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples is not necessarily related to the price, and the sample quality does not have a trend change with the price of the samples.
4、 Test results and analysis
（1） Safety index
The 12 test items of safety indicators involved in the comparative test of 20 types of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing are: formaldehyde content, pH value, color fastness to water, color fastness to acid sweat, color fastness to alkali sweat, color fastness to dry rubbing, color fastness to wet rubbing, odor, decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes, color fastness to soaping, color fastness to light and color fastness to light and sweat.
1. Formaldehyde content: Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with strong irritating odor, very soluble in water, a toxic chemical, and can combine with proteins in the human body. If formaldehyde exceeds the standard, it may cause dermatitis, stain and necrosis of human skin. The formaldehyde content test results of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test all meet the requirements of relevant standards.
2. pH value: if the agents in textile printing and dyeing process are not fully washed or neutralized, the pH value of the fabric will be too high, which will stimulate and corrode the human skin and damage the sweat gland system and nervous system of the human body. The pH test results of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test all meet the requirements of relevant standards.
3. Decomposable and carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes: In the process of long-term contact with human body, the harmful components of the biodegradable and carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes are absorbed by the skin and mixed with the substances released in the normal metabolism process of human body to produce a reduction reaction and form carcinogenic aromatic amine compounds. Carcinogenic aromatic amine compounds change human DNA structure through activation, causing pathological changes and malignant tumors. The test results of the decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test meet the requirements of relevant standards.
4. Color fastness: the test of color fastness in this comparative test includes 8 items, including color fastness to water, acid and alkali perspiration, dry and wet rubbing, soaping, light and light perspiration. The products with poor color fastness are easy to fade when they are exposed to sweat, water and rain during wearing. The fallen dye molecules and heavy metal ions may be absorbed by the human body through the skin, which may endanger the health and cause skin allergy. The test results of 8 color fastness items of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test all meet the requirements of relevant standards.
5. Odor: generally speaking, musty odor, high boiling range petroleum odor (such as gasoline odor, kerosene odor), fishy odor, aromatic hydrocarbon odor, etc. belong to the category of odor. According to relevant national requirements, textile products are not allowed to have peculiar smell. The odor test results of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test all meet the requirements of relevant standards.
（2） Functional indicators
1. UV protection performance: UV protection performance is usually expressed in UPF (ultraviolet protection coefficient). The higher the UPF value, the lower the transmission degree, and the better the UV protection performance of the product. According to relevant standards, when 40 ＜ UPF ≤ 50, it is marked as UPF40+; When UPF>50, it is marked as UPF50+. The relevant standards shall be clearly indicated on the label of anti ultraviolet products. According to the provisions of Evaluation of Textiles' UV Protection Performance (GB/T 18830-2009): only when UPF>40 and T (UVA) AV<5% (long wave ultraviolet transmittance), can they be called "UV resistant textiles" (solar ultraviolet UVA refers to solar ultraviolet radiation with wavelength of 315nm-400nm). The test results show that the UPF of 18 samples is>50, Langsha ® UPF of coat and Pelliot Birch and men's skin coat samples is>40. The test results of anti ultraviolet performance items of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test all meet the requirements of relevant standards.
2. Air permeability: air permeability refers to the performance of gas molecules passing through the fabric, which mainly affects the comfort of human body, such as permeability and coolness. The higher the permeability test value, the better the permeability. Clothing fabrics are divided into woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. In terms of permeability test items, the two types of fabrics have different characteristics, which are normal phenomena. Sunscreen clothing products made of woven fabrics are generally formed by weaving machines in the form of picking and weaving, which interlace the yarns in the warp and weft directions. Therefore, woven fabrics have high linear density, and their air permeability is relatively poor, but they have certain wind resistance and high wear resistance. Sunscreen clothing products made of knitted fabrics use loose and soft yarns, which have good elasticity, good fabric ductility, and the fabric has large relative gaps and is more breathable. Six of the 20 sunscreen clothes and skin clothes samples are woven fabrics, namely PEAK, PELLIOT, SEMIR, DECATHLON, UNIQLO and LI-NING, and the other 14 samples are knitted fabrics. The air permeability test results of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test all meet the requirements of relevant standards. See Table 3 for the test results.
Table 3 Air permeability test results of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples
(Ranked from high to low according to the permeability test values of samples)
3. Moisture permeability: refers to the ability of materials or objects to penetrate water vapor within a certain time. If the moisture permeability of the cloth is poor and the moisture on the skin surface cannot be effectively discharged, it will slowly condense into water droplets, which will gather between the skin surface and the clothes, making the skin feel hot and uncomfortable, which is easy to cause bacteria breeding. The moisture permeability of this comparative test is tested according to the standard of Test Methods for Moisture Permeability of Textiles and Fabrics - Part 1: Moisture Absorption Method (GB/T 12704.1-2009). The higher the test value, the better the moisture permeability. The moisture permeability test results of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test meet the standard requirements. See Table 4 for the test results.
Table 4 Moisture Permeability Test Results of 20 Sunscreen Clothing and Skin Clothing Samples
(Ranked from high to low according to the sample moisture permeability test value)
（3） Intuitive indicators
1. Fiber content: fiber content is an important parameter reflecting the quality of product fabrics, and an important reference index for consumers to choose sunscreen clothing and skin clothing. Fiber content is divided into two categories: natural fiber (wool, cashmere, cotton, etc.) and chemical fiber (polyester fiber, spandex, acrylic fiber, etc.). Apparel tags, washing marks and other explicit information shall meet the requirements of relevant standards for fiber content. Generally speaking, the test of fiber content is divided into two aspects: fiber qualitative and fiber quantitative. The fiber content of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test meets the requirements of relevant standards.
2. Product instructions: product instructions are usually in the form of instructions, labels, durability marks, etc. Its content includes information on how to use the product correctly and safely, as well as the basic functions and characteristics of the product. Consumers understand the performance of the product through the product instructions, and know the important basis for the real situation of their purchase of the product. If the product use instructions are not standardized, they will not only mislead consumers, but also easily lead to non-standard use of products, causing personal and property safety risks for consumers. In this comparative test, the measured result of the UV protection performance of two samples is UPF>40, which is inconsistent with the UPF50+(UV protection coefficient) claimed by its website. The two samples are LangSha swimming supplies sold by Jingdong flagship store ® The coat and Pelliot pelliot men's skin clothes sold in the flagship store of JD. The results of the product instructions of 20 sunscreen clothing and skin clothing samples in this comparative test meet the requirements of relevant standards.
4、 Consumption tips
According to the results of this comparative test of 20 types of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing, and in combination with consumers' daily use and complaints, Chongqing Municipal Committee of Consumer Affairs and Sichuan Provincial Committee of Consumer Affairs remind consumers to pay attention to "first look, second choice, third choice and four maintenance" when purchasing and using sunscreen clothing and skin clothing.
（1） See standard
According to the provisions of Evaluation of Textiles' UV Protection Performance (GB/T 18830-2009), UV protection products should be clearly marked on the products. When 40 ＜ UPF ≤ 50, it should be marked as UPF40 ＋, and when UPF ＞ 50, it should be marked as UPF50+. Consumers should pay attention to check whether the product logo has the above contents when purchasing sunscreen clothing and skin clothing, which is the most direct and effective basis to judge whether it is a UV protection product. For those consumers who need frequent activities in the sun, such as mountaineering, camping, hiking and seaside vacations, it is recommended to choose UPF50+products. For consumers who occasionally contact ultraviolet rays, it is recommended to choose UPF40+sunscreen products.
（2） Pick fabric
At present, the most common sunscreen clothing and skin clothing fabrics on the market are polyester fibers, followed by nylon, polyester fibers and nylon interwoven fabrics. A small amount of spandex is usually added to improve the elasticity of the fabric and enhance the comfort of wearing. Polyester fiber has good wrinkle resistance and shape retention, and has high strength and elastic recovery ability. Nylon has strong wear resistance, high density and good wrinkle resistance. Spandex has high elasticity, good acid and alkali resistance, sweat resistance, seawater resistance, dry cleaning resistance and abrasion resistance. Knitted fabrics and woven fabrics have their own advantages in terms of fabric comfort and windproof. When consumers buy sunscreen clothes and skin clothes, they can choose them according to their own needs.
（3） Select Color
It is recommended that consumers try to choose sunscreen clothing and skin clothing with dark color fabrics. For sunscreen products with the same material, the darker the color, the higher their UV protection performance.
（4） Washing maintenance
The anti ultraviolet ability of sunscreen clothing and skin clothing will be reduced if they are used for a long time and in a stretched and wet environment. It is suggested that consumers should try to reduce the number of times of washing. When washing sunscreen clothes and skin clothes, they should wash them gently in cold water and dry them in a cool place. Do not iron them at high temperature.
It is suggested that consumers can take sunscreen measures in many ways, such as wearing physical sunscreen clothing and skin clothing, applying sunscreen products and other chemical sunscreen, and reasonably planning to reduce travel exposure time.
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