You should master the knowledge about measles
Measles is an acute, eruptive respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus. China Disease Control WeChat official account recently released information that measles can occur in all seasons, most commonly in winter and spring, and children are the main susceptible population. Measles is one of the most infectious diseases. The patient is the source of infection of measles, and it is infectious from the late latent stage of the disease to 5 days after the eruption. People who have not suffered from measles and have not been vaccinated against measles are vulnerable to infection and disease after contacting measles patients.
In addition, measles is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets. Patients can spread the virus into the air by sneezing, coughing, etc. The susceptible can be infected after inhaling the virus; It can also be transmitted through direct contact with the secretions of infected persons.
What are the clinical symptoms?
1. Incubation period: about 10 days (7~21 days). Mild temperature rise may occur at the end of incubation period.
2. Prodromal stage (pre rash stage): generally 2-4 days. The main manifestations are: fever, body temperature up to 38 ℃ or higher; Nostalus, sneezing, cough, upper respiratory tract symptoms, tears, photophobia, conjunctivitis and other symptoms. After 2-3 days of fever, there are blue and white spots with red halos around the oral buccal mucosa, called Koplik spots, which is a sign of early diagnosis of measles.
3. Eruption stage: after 2-5 days of fever, characteristic rash may appear: from behind the ear, hairline, forehead, face and neck, it begins to spread from top to bottom to the trunk, palms and soles of limbs. It is a rose colored papule with normal skin between the rashes. When the rash occurs, the body temperature reaches the peak and the systemic symptoms worsen.
4. Recovery period: if there is no complication, the temperature will begin to drop after the rash is out, and the recovery period will begin. After the rash is complete, it gradually fades according to the rash sequence, darkens, and has pigmentation and bran skin like desquamation, which subsides in 2-3 weeks. When the rash subsides, the body temperature drops to normal, and the condition heals itself.
How to prevent measles?
Vaccination against measles
The most effective measure to prevent measles is to improve the immunity of the population through vaccination of measles containing vaccines. At present, the measles vaccine strain used in China is S191. The antibody produced after immunization can neutralize the epidemic strains of different genotypes of measles virus. Both single vaccine and combined vaccine have good effects on measles prevention. It is very important for school-age children to be vaccinated in time according to the immunization procedure. Since June 2020, China has implemented the immunization strategy of one dose of measles mumps rubella combined vaccine at the age of 8 months and 18 months respectively.
Other precautions
1. Control the source of infection: strengthen the management of patients, insist on early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment.
2. Pay attention to indoor air circulation, open windows for ventilation, and dry bedding. At the same time, pay attention to keeping warm and cold, maintain good personal hygiene habits, balance diet, and enhance immunity.
3. Strengthen physical exercise and improve physical fitness.
4. Try not to go to public places with crowded people and poor air circulation, especially pay attention to strengthening the protection of infants within 8 months of age and under the age of vaccination. If you have to go, you must do a good job of personal protection, such as wearing a mask scientifically, to reduce the chance of measles infection. (Reporter Sun Hongli)
