Olive oil

Olive is a famous tree species with a long history in the world. In plant taxonomy, olive (Olea Europaea L.) is classified into Oleaceae, Olea, and small evergreen trees. The Mediterranean coast has suitable soil, temperature, sunshine, air humidity, precipitation and other climatic conditions for olive growth. Except for the Mediterranean coast, other areas can only be planted sporadically in suitable areas. Olive is a long-lived tree. After 4-5 years of planting, it begins to bear fruit. The full fruit period can be as long as 50 to 100 years. The fruit is stone fruit, very similar to Chinese jujube. From March to June every year, it is the time for olive trees to blossom and set fruits. From July to October, the fruits begin to develop and mature. The fruits change from green to red, purple and black. November is the fruit picking season. The physical characteristics and the chemical composition of the pulp of olive fruit are different due to different varieties, maturity, geographical environment, soil texture and planting methods. Olive oil can be divided into native olive oil (native olive oil, native olive oil, ordinary native olive oil), olive fruit residue oil (olive fruit residue oil, refined olive fruit residue oil, olive fruit residue oil). In addition to the above classifications, native olive oil can also be divided into organic native olive oil and native olive oil certified by the Protection of Origin (PDO), At present, there is another kind of olive oil in the Chinese market called Pure Olive Oil, which mixes refined olive oil with a certain amount of original olive oil. In the world, olive oil is usually classified into the above categories without other names.

Different from herbal vegetable oil, olive oil's chemical structure remains stable at high temperature due to its antioxidant properties and high content of unsaturated fatty acids. When using ordinary edible oil, when the oil temperature exceeds point, the chemical structure of oil and fat will change, producing cancer prone substances. The point of olive oil is between 240 ℃ and 270 ℃, which is much higher than that of other common edible oils. Therefore, olive oil can be used repeatedly without deterioration, and is suitable for frying. Olive oil is also suitable for burning, roasting, frying and boiling. When cooking with olive oil, the food will give off an attractive fragrance and make people salivate. It is especially recommended to use olive oil to make fried rice with eggs or barbecue.

The introduction of olive in Wudu District began in 1975. Song Ping, then the secretary of Gansu Provincial Party Committee, personally advocated the introduction and cultivation of olive in Longnan. He successively introduced more than 60000 seedlings of more than 30 olive varieties from Wuhan, Nanjing, Hanzhong and other places, and carried out experimental cultivation in more than 20 villages and towns along the Bailong River, Baishui River, and West Hanshui River basins at an altitude of 700-1300 meters. In 1988, professors Xu Weiying and Deng Mingquan of the Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, who were investigating olives in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, accidentally discovered that the olive fruit produced in Wudu was pressed in Hanzhong, which attracted great attention and made a special trip to Wudu for field investigation. They found that olives that did not perform well in many parts of China were growing well in Wudu with many fruits. As a result, they organized many field investigations and demonstrations in southern Gansu, and determined that the Chuanba River valley area and the half mountain area along the Bailong River in Wudu below 1300 meters above sea level are suitable for olive production in China. They believe that the low mountain and valley areas of Bailong River, Xihanshui River and Baishuijiang River basins in Longnan City belong to the northern subtropical semi humid climate. The territory is warm and humid, with superior light and heat conditions. The climate and soil elements of the suitable areas are very similar to those of the Mediterranean coast. In 1989, under the warm care of the central, provincial and municipal governments, especially Song Ping, it was valued and supported by the Planning Commission, the Agricultural Development Commission and the Forestry Bureau, and was listed as one of the three largest olive production bases in China. Accelerate the development of the olive industry, strive to build Wudu into a larger olive production base in the country, realize industrialization, and become a promising road for Wudu to expand local financial resources, and farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.