Black bone chicken breeding

1. Selection of brooding season

Generally, the survival rate of brooding is high in late spring and summer and autumn. In other seasons, it is also possible to breed chicks, but better conditions should be created.

2. Drinking water

After receiving the chickens, they should drink 0.2 ‰ potassium permanganate water first, and then they should be fed 2~4 hours later. Don't stop after you start drinking. Drink warm boiled water within 20 days of age, and use a tower shaped drinking fountain to supply water to prevent the chicks from drowning. Chicks generally drink 1.6 times more water than they eat.

3. Open food

Start eating on the second day after shelling. It is good to feed formula feed. At the beginning of the meal (within 3 days), feed broken rice, sesame or millet soaked in boiling water. Every hundred chicks should be fed 3~5 cooked eggs every day, and the feed should be sprinkled on the plastic cloth so that the chickens can eat freely. From the 5th day, it can be fed with fried broken rice and chicken formula feed. The feed formula is: sorghum 5.0%, fish meal 10.0%, corn 54.13%, barley 5.0%, bean cake 16.0%, bran 4.0%, leaf meal 3.0%, bone meal 2.5% and salt 0.37%. The crude protein in the feed should reach 20.8%, the metabolic energy should reach 12.12 MJ/kg, calcium 1.3%, phosphorus 0.8%. Put the feed in the strip trough for dry feeding. From the 7th day, about 15% green feed can be added to the feed. If the full price feed on the market is used, the green feed can be added less or not. After one week, 3~5 grams of fine sand can be added to the feed, or served on a plate, so that the chicks can eat freely to enhance their digestive function.

Black bone chickens are fed 6 to 8 times a day within 3 weeks of age, that is, at 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. for 30 minutes each time, and then the trough is taken away. In this way, the waste and pollution of feed can be reduced. After 3 weeks of age, they were fed 4-6 times a day.

First, heat preservation and humidity control. The suitable temperature for brooding is: 31 ℃~30 ℃ from 0 to 1 week old; 30 ℃~27 ℃ at 1-2 weeks old; 2~3 weeks old 27 ℃~25 ℃; 3~4 weeks old 25 ℃~22 ℃; After 4 weeks of age, it can be kept at about 20 ℃. The indoor relative humidity should be controlled at 55%~65%. Second, the lighting is appropriate. Within one week after the chicks come out of the shell, 20~23 hours of light should be taken every day. From the first week, the daily light can be reduced to 13 hours, and then gradually transited to the natural light time. The third is good ventilation. While paying attention to moisturizing, windows can be properly opened for ventilation to eliminate harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia in the room, so that chicks can absorb fresh air for growth and development. 4. Management

Nutritional standards

The feeding of black bone chickens, no matter what kind of feed they feed, must meet the nutritional standards. Reasonable nutrition is an important factor to improve the production quality of black bone chickens.

Generally speaking, the crude protein of the feed during the brooding period is 19%, the crude fiber is less than 6%, the calcium is 0.8% to 1.3%, the phosphorus is 0.6%, and the sodium chloride is 0.3%, the moisture is less than 14%. During the growing period, the feed should have crude protein of 17%, crude fiber of less than 6%, calcium of 0.7% to 1.2%, phosphorus of 0.55%, and sodium chloride of 0.3%; Moisture is less than 14%.

Feeding density

Reasonable control of the density of black bone chickens during the growth period can avoid wasting feed, improve the growth rate, increase the meat to feed ratio, and increase the economic benefits of black bone chicken breeding.

The density of black bone chickens during the growth period is generally from 1 to 10 days old, and the density is 40 to 50 chickens/square meter; 10 to 20 days old, the density is 30 to 40 per square meter; 20 to 30 days old, with a density of 25 to 30 per square meter; 30 to 60 days old, the density is 20 to 25/m2; 60 to 90 days old, the density is 15 to 12 per square meter.

Feeding standard

The feeding standard of black bone chicken is formulated according to the nutritional requirements of chicken at different ages and different development stages. A good feed formula should take into account two aspects: first, it must or as far as possible meet the nutritional needs of each stage; Secondly, the variety of feed should be selected according to the price, so that the cost of the formula can be reduced to a lower level. This is a good formula.

The breeding method of black bone chicken is basically the same as that of broilers. Cage breeding, ground free range breeding, flat breeding on the kang or online flat breeding are all OK. Flat breeding on the kang in rural areas is good. The black bone chicken coop must be built in a place with leeward and sunrise, dry and flat terrain, good drainage around, far away from residential areas and convenient transportation.

The size of the chicken house depends on the terrain and topography. Generally, the new open chicken house is adopted. This chicken house mainly adopts a double slope roof, with two walls open and two windows in front and back. Its main characteristics are: shelter from rain and fire, ventilation in summer, and dry chicken house. This kind of chicken house is suitable for areas with mild or hot climate.

Feeding management

The brooding period is 30 days, and the feeding management in the brooding period is the key period for the success or failure of black bone chicken production. Its main task is to improve the survival rate and early weight gain of chicken.

1. Disinfection and rodent prevention: Before breeding, the floor and wall of the nursery should be sprayed with 2000:1 Centoxicide S or ABB disinfectant for disinfection, and then the trough should be washed clean and dried for standby. At the same time, the nursery should have a half meter high cement wall, and rat holes are strictly prohibited.

2. Heat preservation and humidity control: because the chicks are thin and short, they cannot resist cold, and they cannot adjust their temperature. If the temperature is too low, the growth of chicks will be blocked, and they will pile up and squeeze, leading to the outbreak of pullorum disease; If the humidity is too high, it will lead to the occurrence of coccidiosis, so it is necessary to increase/increase the reasonable temperature and humidity for brooding. The nursery shall be equipped with a thermometer to keep abreast of the temperature in the nursery.

The temperature and humidity of the brooding room are generally the chickens within one week of age. The temperature of the brooding room is 34 ℃ to 32 ℃, and the humidity is 65% to 60%; For chickens aged 1 to 2 weeks, the temperature in the brooding room is 32 ℃ to 28 ℃, and the humidity is 65% to 60%; For chickens aged 2 to 3 weeks, the temperature in the brooding room is 27 ℃ to 25 ℃, and the humidity is 65% to 60%; For chickens aged 3 to 4 weeks, the temperature in the brooding room is 25 ℃ to 23 ℃, and the humidity is 60%; After 4 weeks, the temperature is about 20 ℃ and the humidity is 60%.

In addition to using a thermometer, we should also learn to "watch the chicken warming". The temperature is suitable for the lively and active chicks, with strong appetite and quiet sleep. The chickens are evacuated and lie down evenly. When the temperature is too low, chicks are prone to catch cold, squeezing each other and piling up layer by layer; When the temperature is too high, the chicks open their mouths and gasp, stay away from the heat source, are lazy, have a bad appetite, and drink a lot of water.

3. Drinking water and eating: chicks can enter the brooding room 20 hours after coming out of the shell, drinking water first and then eating. The survival rate can be improved by drinking 5% to 10% sugar water for half a day. Chickens before 10 days old should drink warm boiled water, and the water temperature should be close to the room temperature. The chicken water dispenser shall be used for drinking water well, and the water dispenser shall always keep constant water, so that the chicks can drink freely. After drinking water for 2 to 4 hours, it can be eaten. Soak the feed in water for a while, and spread it evenly on the plastic cloth to let the chicks eat freely. The feed can be directly fed to the full price feed produced by the feed factory. However, no matter what kind of feed is fed, 0.2% chloramphenicol or 0.2% sulfamethoxazole must be added to the feed for the first three to five days to control the occurrence of pullorum disease. The difference between black bone chicken and other chicken breeds is that the congenital pullorum disease is especially serious, so the drugs should be used alternately during the brooding period without interruption. After feeding with plastic cloth for 3 to 5 days, the small wooden trough or plastic trough should be gradually replaced, which should be fed every 3 to 4 hours in the daytime and every 4 to 5 hours in the evening. In short, it should be kept constant in water and feeding.