Data source: Fujian Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Fujian Provincial Department of Ecological Environment

A Shui'an New Village, Meikou Township, Dajin Lake, Taining County, Sanming City, Fujian Province.

Photographed by Jiang Kehong, reporter of Xinhua News Agency

Editor's note: In August 2016, the Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on the Establishment of a Unified and Standardized National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone, aiming to improve the ecological civilization system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and capacity in the field of ecological civilization. At present, China has set up four national ecological civilization pilot zones in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Hainan. The four provinces, in combination with local conditions and characteristics, focus on system innovation, system supply and mode exploration to explore ways and accumulate experience for improving the ecological civilization system. From now on, this edition will launch a series of reports on "Focusing on the Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone", focusing on how the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone can unite the forces of reform, add green development momentum, and explore an effective model for ecological civilization construction.

 

Mountain and Sea Gallery is a blessed place on earth. Since it was approved as the first national ecological civilization pilot zone in August 2016, Fujian has handed over excellent answers in the past five years.

Early start, strong efforts, good results, and many highlights... At the 2021 Ecological Civilization Guiyang International Forum held in July, the Chinese Academy of Engineering issued an assessment report, praising the construction of Fujian Ecological Province and Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone. Over the past five years since the construction of the ecological civilization pilot zone, Fujian has steadily promoted 26 key tasks in six major areas deployed in the Implementation Plan of the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone (Fujian), achieved 38 major reform achievements on schedule, and basically built a systematic and complete ecological civilization system with clear property rights, diversified participation, equal emphasis on incentives and constraints.

Governance, the quality of ecological environment continues to improve

From the smelly water lake in the past to the city reception hall today, the 筼筜筼筜 lake in Xiamen, Fujian Province has changed greatly.

筼筜 Lake has a water area of 1.6 square kilometers. It used to be an inner bay fishing port. In the 1970s, it became an inner lake because of the reclamation of the sea. Because a large amount of sewage is discharged directly into the lake, the pollution in the 筼筜 lake area was once serious. "At that time, pedestrians covered their noses and walked quickly when they passed by." Chen Qingfu, the water quality administrator of the 筼筜筜 Lake Protection Center in Xiamen, still remembers vividly.

Since 1988, Xiamen has carried out four large-scale renovations of the lake in accordance with the policy of "governing the lake according to law, intercepting and treating sewage, dredging and building banks, invigorating the water body and beautifying the environment". After 33 years of unremitting governance, the local government has explored a green governance road that conforms to the local reality.

Mangroves with an area of about 26000 square meters are specially planted in the waters of Tangdang Lake, which has become an important part of ecological restoration. "Mangroves not only provide a suitable living environment for fish and birds, but also promote the restoration of the ecological balance of the overlapping environment of salt and fresh water, and build the ecological circle of Tangdang Lake," said Chen Qingfu.

Planting mangroves is only one of the management methods. Over the years, Xiamen has invested about 1.13 billion yuan in total according to the management idea of source control, intermediate emission reduction and end treatment. The water quality of today's 筼筜 Lake has significantly improved. 63 species of nekton, 123 species of phytoplankton, 73 species of zooplankton and 14 species of benthos have been found in the lake area, including small sharks, turtles, Chinese horseshoe crabs and other rare organisms. The ecological stability of the lake water has gradually improved.

My favorite thing is that the moon slants behind the tide, and the river is full of fishing fires. Today, the beautiful scenery of clean water, green shore and egrets flying together reappears, and the governance of Tangdang Lake is still on the way——

On May 1, 2020, the Measures for the Protection of 筼筜 Lake Area in Xiamen Special Economic Zone was officially implemented. Since then, 筼筜筜 Lake has started the transformation from point to surface, from underwater to shore, from management to protection, from self-management to joint governance, ushering in an all-round upgrade of the whole basin's governance and protection. At present, 筼筜 Lake has entered the fifth round of comprehensive treatment.

Zheng Lei, the "post-90s", graduated from Xiamen University, and works near Yonghu Lake. In August 2020, he became one of the first "Citizen Lake Mayor" in Xiamen. Focusing on "co construction, co governance and sharing", the "Citizen Lake Leader" is recruited from the whole society by Xiamen 筼筜筜筜 Lake Protection Center. It is required to have relevant professional knowledge of water ecological environment protection, water ecological governance, etc., and is mainly responsible for the daily inspection of the lake area, collecting and reflecting citizens' opinions, suggestions, etc. Zheng Lei majored in marine ecology. He said, "I hope to give full play to my professional advantages and help to build Tangdang Lake into a shining business card of Xiamen."

The clear water of the lake reflects the vivid practice of ecological governance in Xiamen, and also witnesses Fujian's determination to polish the ecological background.

"In the past five years, Fujian has achieved fruitful results in pollution prevention and control, and ecological protection and restoration have been advanced in depth." The relevant person in charge of Fujian Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment said that in 2020, the forest coverage rate of the province will be 66.8%, realizing the "two full coverage" of the national forest city of nine cities and one district and the provincial forest city of all counties (cities) in the province, and the water quality ratio of the 12 main rivers from Class I to Class III will be 97.9%, The proportion of urban air quality days in nine cities and one district was 98.8%, the rate of water and soil loss in the province dropped to 7.52%, and the proportion of coastal water quality quality was 82.9%.

Innovate and build an ecological civilization system

On May 18, a forestry "carbon ticket" numbered "0000001" was issued to Zhang Linshun, secretary of the Party branch of Changkou Village, Jiangle County, Sanming City, Fujian Province.

What is "carbon ticket"? Chen Meigao, Deputy Director of Sanming Forestry Bureau, introduced that the forestry carbon ticket refers to the forest trees with clear ownership in the region. It is a certificate with usufruct issued by the forestry carbon sink volume that has been tested and evaluated by a third-party institution, approved by the competent forestry department, and filed and issued by the competent ecological environment department. It has the power to trade, pledge, and cash.

"The exploration of forestry carbon tickets aims to solve the problems of difficulty in realizing the value of ecological products, such as difficulty in quantity, mortgage, transaction and realization," said Chen Meigao. On the day of the first launch of the carbon ticket, the first forest carbon ticket collection and storage agreements and the first forest carbon ticket credit loan agreement in China were also signed, and institutional innovation quickly released dividends - "In the past, our Changkou village only had dozens of yuan of compensation per mu of ecological public welfare forest every year." Holding his finger, Zhang Linshun calculated the detailed account, "Now, with the carbon ticket trade, the village has added 140000 yuan of income through the 10000 tons of carbon emission reduction saved."

The unique "algorithm" endows unique value to the same forest. As an important source of collective forest right system reform, Sanming's continuous exploration reflects Fujian's unremitting efforts to deepen the construction of the national ecological civilization pilot zone.

Establish a green orientation - establish the responsibility system for ecological environment protection objectives of the party and government leadership, and strictly implement the principle of "the party and government share the same responsibility" and "one post with two responsibilities". Establish a regular audit system for the natural resources assets of leading cadres to leave their posts, and cancel the assessment of GDP indicators in four mountain cities, namely Nanping, Longyan, Sanming and Ningde, as well as in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone and 34 counties;

Improve the regulatory system - solve the common problems of ecological environment regulation with mechanism innovation, promote the application and promotion of ecological cloud application, deepen the environmental regulatory grid, environmental credit evaluation and other systems;

Improve ecological justice - achieve full coverage of provincial, municipal and county ecological judicial institutions, explore ecological restorative justice such as "replanting order", and innovate the linkage mechanism between ecological justice and ecological audit

"As the construction of the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone has been further promoted, 39 reform measures and experience practices in Fujian have been selected into the" Promotion List of Reform Measures and Experience Practices in the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone. "The relevant person in charge of the Ecological Department of Fujian Development and Reform Commission introduced that Fujian has explored and innovated a number of replicable and replicable institutional models, It provides new ideas, new paths and new methods for the reform of the national ecological civilization system.

Benefiting the people and promoting the transformation of ecological advantages into development advantages

Nanping City, located in the north of Fujian Province, has a forest coverage rate of more than 78% and is rich in ecological resources. In recent years, the local government has innovatively promoted the construction of "Wuyi Brand", "Ecological Bank" and "Shuimei Economy", established the value realization mechanism of ecological products, and walked out the path of ecological protection and economic development complementing each other.

Nanping is rich in high-quality agricultural products, but always lacks influential brands. How to make good products sell at a good price? Since 2018, Nanping has launched the "Wuyishan" regional public brand to "endorse" high-quality agricultural products. Through strict review, more than 30 agricultural products, such as Pucheng rice, Zhenghe white tea, have obtained the first trademark authorization.

What is the brand effect? Zhang Shubin, Deputy Director of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Pucheng County, Nanping City, felt deeply: "Since Pucheng rice was selected as Wuyishan brand, the price of high-quality rice per kilogram is much higher than that of ordinary rice, which has driven more than 12000 farmers to increase production and income."

To solve the dilemma of "begging for food with golden rice bowl", Nanping has played a combination of ecological industrialization.

Relying on high-quality water resources, a company's drinking water project was settled in Yangzhuang Township Industrial Park, Wuyishan City, Nanping. It was officially put into production after completion and acceptance in April this year, with an estimated annual output of 1 million tons of natural drinking water. "Wuyi Mountains and waters are ecologically excellent, and the water quality standard rate of main basins is 100%." Xu Weijian, the general manager of the company, said that aiming at the unique ecological advantages, the project will further extend the tea industry chain by combining the local advantageous industries.

Based on the obvious resource endowment and industrial foundation of mountainous, forested and diversified agricultural resources, Nanping takes the development of green economy as its main direction. In the first half of this year, the output value of food processing, forestry industry and tea industry increased by 8.7%, 15% and 14.8% respectively year on year, and the number of tourists and income increased by 149% and 136.3% respectively year on year.

Nanping is not alone in promoting the transformation of ecological advantages into development advantages.

The data shows that in recent years, the energy consumption per unit of GDP in Fujian has continued to decline, with the installed capacity of clean energy reaching 56%. The water consumption and energy consumption per 10000 yuan of GDP have decreased by 90.57% and 58.60% respectively compared with 2000.

"The reform enables Fujian to be green, newer and stronger, which has also become the most beautiful background for Fujian's high-quality development." The relevant person in charge of Fujian Provincial Development and Reform Commission said that in the next step, Fujian will continue to play the role of a reform pilot field, continue to integrate systems, explore practices, continue to improve the source control system of green development, and jointly build and share the social governance system Smart and efficient environmental governance system, and explore a more systematic and diversified "Fujian model".

 

People's Daily (August 16, 2021, 13th Edition)

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