Aging Brain: A New Science to Keep Brain Young and Sharp
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We all get old, and so does the brain. The growth of the brain begins to slow down at the surprising young age of 24, but that does not mean that it will lose its sensitivity, and different cognitive skills can reach their peak at different ages. In your life, the brain can be continuously strengthened regardless of your age or access to resources. Through decades of clinical medicine and continuous research, Gupta, a surgeon, pointed out that we can improve and have a better brain at any age. Based on the research of brain science, neurology and pathology in recent 30 years, the author reveals the causes of brain aging and cognitive decline. By comparing the methods in the mental research report database of nearly one hundred experts from the Global Brain Health Council, this paper proposes to scientifically optimize the brain from the aspects of exercise, nutrition, rest, social contact and improving brain plasticity. When you put your brain first, other things related to health will be solved. Without a healthy brain, you can't even make healthy decisions. Life habits can affect the fate of your brain more than your genes. People with dementia are getting younger. Brain recession can be prevented and early intervention can be carried out. This book provides readers with a 12 week brain strengthening plan that can be practiced immediately. Start your "sharp brain" program in daily life, repair the brain with simple and scientific methods, and improve brain power. A healthy brain will not only bring a healthy body, weight, heart, etc., but also bring stronger self-confidence and a more solid financial future.

Sanjay Gupta ·Biological world ·179000 words

 The origin of complex life
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Life on the earth appeared about 500 million years after the formation of the earth, but in the following 2 billion years, life has been stagnant at the level of simple bacteria. About 2 billion to 1.5 billion years ago, a complex cell with fine internal structure and unprecedented energy metabolism level sprang out. This complexity has been inherited to trees and bees, as well as to you and me in human beings. We are very different from mushrooms, but the cells observed under the microscope are so similar. From sexual reproduction to cell senescence to cell apoptosis, a set of cell characteristics common to complex life have amazing similarities among different species. Why is life like this? In the long years of 4 billion years, from simple bacteria to awe inspiring complex life, why did such an evolutionary leap only happen once? We have to admit that there is a huge cognitive black hole at the core of biology. Why does life evolve along such a puzzling path? From the perspective of bioenergy, biochemist Nick Ryan gave us a key that is expected to solve the mystery of biological origin. The weird bioenergy production mechanism has restricted cells from all aspects, and a rare symbiotic event in which a bacterium moves into an archaea has broken these restrictions, making the evolution of complex cells possible. A single event that seems to happen accidentally has to go through an evolutionary process due to energy constraints. Many of the most important and basic life characteristics can also be inferred from basic biochemical laws. In the process of evolution, we trade off between fertility and health in youth for the cost of aging and disease. The origin of life, human health and even life and death can be re questioned from the perspective of energy.

Nick Lane ·Biological world ·224000 words

 The Secret Language of Cells
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The basic unit of biology is cell, but little is known about cell dialogue. From these dialogues, we can understand the essence of life. How does the brain's central control system send commands? How to determine our health level? How can people's thinking, feeling and behavior be coordinated? For these questions, Dr. Jon Lev answers them one by one in four parts of the book. Some introduce human cells, including T cells, endothelial cells of capillaries (thin blood vessels), blood cells wandering around, platelets, intestinal cells, skin cells and cancer cells; Some cells are selected as important examples, so that the reader can deeply understand how all organs work through cell communication. The second part introduces the brain, including neurons, three kinds of supporting brain cells and two kinds of protective barrier cells to protect the brain. One chapter is devoted to the unique cell dialogue that leads to various chronic pain syndromes. The third part describes the microbial communication world, including the communication between microbial species, as well as between microorganisms, plants and humans. The fourth part introduces the intracellular dialogue, including the communication between organelles and mitochondria, protein factories and other cell compartments; It also involves molecules that send signals to these compartments. The final conclusion focuses on the significance of these ubiquitous cell dialogues.

Jon Liv ·Biological world ·191000 words

 Viral Planet
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Long before the emergence of humans, viruses occupied the planet. After extreme conditions such as high temperature, extreme cold or drought, viruses are still ubiquitous today, and the gadgets recently used to deal with them, such as antibiotics or cold syrup, can not hurt the virus. Viruses leave abundant information in our DNA. 8% of human DNA fragments come from viruses. It is not too much to say that they are our distant ancestors. But be careful, these dormant fragments in human DNA can recover under specific conditions and reorganize into active viruses. Viruses are not always detestable. Viruses benefit 1/10 of the oxygen that humans breathe. HPV, which is regarded as the culprit of cervical cancer, actually eats all men and women and is widely distributed, but in most cases they coexist peacefully with human beings. When viruses shuttle between different hosts, they have a certain chance to carry gene fragments from the previous host, and then insert them into the genes of the next host. When you exclaim about the diversity of humans or other species, don't forget that viruses also contribute to it. There is no denying that viruses are also cold-blooded killers created by nature. Influenza A, Ebola, SARS, these viruses caught humans off guard. They originally only attacked bats, mice or birds, but natural evolution inadvertently put humans on the black list of viruses. Although vaccines are constantly updated, the power of evolution enables viruses to break through our defense line again and again. This book will enable you to re understand the relationship between viruses and human beings, and understand the position of human beings in all things.

Carl Zimmer ·Biological world ·58000 words

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