N-type semiconductor

Electronic semiconductor

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Also called electronic semiconductor. N-type semiconductor free electron concentration Much greater than hole Concentrated Impurity semiconductor 。

Chinese name: N-type semiconductor
Alias: Electronic semiconductor

Adulterant: Phosphorus and other Group V elements
carrier: Electronics

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N-type semiconductor

Semiconductor is a kind of conductive ability between conductor and insulator Between carriers (or Crystal defect ）It can be divided into P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors. The conductivity of semiconductors is greatly related to the density of carriers (crystal defects)^[3] 。 There are two kinds of semiconductors carrier , i.e Price band Holes and conduction band The electrons in the Electronic conduction The main semiconductor is called N-type semiconductor Hole conduction The main semiconductor is called P-type semiconductor 。 "N" means negative electricity The meaning of "Negative" is taken from the first letter of English Negative. In such semiconductors, the conductive carriers are mainly negatively charged electrons, which come from the donors in the semiconductor. Where mixed with Donor impurity Or the number of donors is more than acceptor All of the semiconductors are N-type semiconductors. For example, germanium or silicon and other semiconductors containing appropriate amount of pentavalent elements such as arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, etc.^[1]

Since N-type semiconductor is positive Charge quantity And negative charge The quantity is equal, so the N-type semiconductor is Electroneutrality 。 Free electrons are mainly provided by impurity atoms, and holes are provided by Thermal excitation Formation. The more impurities are added, Polyglot （ free electron ）The higher the concentration, the stronger the conductivity.

Formation principle

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Both doping and defects can cause Electron concentration The increase of. For germanium and silicon semiconductor material , doped with Group V elements (phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, etc.) Atomic time , can provide covalent bond An extra electron beyond the coordination, which forms an increase in the concentration of conduction band electrons in the semiconductor. Such impurity atoms are called donors. Group III-V Compound semiconductor Group IV or VI elements are often used as donors of. some oxide semiconductor , such as ZnO 、Ta two O five And its chemical ratio is often anoxic Oxygen vacancy It can show the role of the donor, so this kind of oxide Usually electronic Conductivity N type semiconductor, vacuum heating, can further strengthen the degree of hypoxia, which is shown by stronger electronic conductivity.^[2]

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semiconductor device The most basic of Constituent unit by PN junction PN junction has the function of forward conduction and reverse insulation, so semiconductor devices show great advantages in logic calculation, signal transmission, power conversion and many other aspects. First since 1947 Semiconductor diode stay Bell Laboratories Since its birth, semiconductor has revolutionized the way of production and life of human beings, and the global society has gradually changed from Electric Age get into information age And accelerate to all things Internet era And artificial intelligence. As the future New infrastructure construction The material basis of semiconductor Industrial development Is still full of stamina, especially AI, 5G communication New energy vehicles 、 Energy Internet Such industries have brought new growth points to semiconductor development.^[3]

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