Potassium hydroxide

[qīng yǎng huà jiǎ]
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inorganic compound
Collection
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zero
synonym KOH (KOH) generally refers to potassium hydroxide
This entry is made by China Science and Technology Information Magazine Participate in editing and review Science Popularization China · Science Encyclopedia authentication.
Potassium hydroxide is a kind of inorganic compound , the chemical formula is KOH, which is common Inorganic base , with strong alkalinity , pH of 0.1mol/L solution is 13.5, soluble in water ethanol , slightly soluble in Ether , easy to absorb moisture in the air Deliquescence , absorption carbon dioxide And become Potassium carbonate , mainly used for production sylvite Can also be used for electroplate printing and dyeing Etc.
Chinese name
Potassium hydroxide [4]
Foreign name
Potassium hydroxide [4]
Alias
Caustic potash [4]
chemical formula
KOH [4]
molecular weight
fifty-six point one zero six [4]
CAS login number
1310-58-3 [4]
EINECS login number
215-181-3 [4]
Melting point
361 ℃ [4]
Boiling point
1320 ℃ [4]
Water solubility
soluble
Density
1.450 g/cm³ [4] (20℃)
Appearance
White crystalline powder
Security description
S7;S16;S26;S36/37/39;S45 [4]
Hazard symbol
C;F;T;Xi [4]
Hazard description
R22;R35 [4]
Acid-base property
Strong alkalinity

Physical and chemical properties

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physical property

density
1.450g/cm three (20℃) [4]
melting point
361℃ [4]
boiling point
1320℃ [4]
Refractive index
1.421(20℃) [4]
Saturated vapor pressure
0.13kPa(719℃) [4]
appearance
White crystalline powder
Solubility
Soluble in water, ethanol, slightly soluble in ether

chemical property

Reaction type
Reaction
equation
Chromogenic reaction
It can make litmus test solution blue and phenolphthalein test solution red.
——
React with acid
React with hydrochloric acid.
KOH+HCl = KCl+H two O
Reacts with sulfuric acid.
2KOH+H two SO four = K two SO four +2H two O
Reacts with nitric acid.
KOH+HNO three = KNO three +H two O
Reacts with hydrogen sulfide.
2KOH+H two S=K two S+2H two O
React with acid oxides
Reacts with carbon dioxide.
KOH+CO two = KHCO three (The deterioration reaction of potassium hydroxide is also an important chemical raw material K two CO three Main means)
2KOH+CO two = K two CO three +H two O
Reacts with sulfur dioxide.
2KOH+SO two = K two SO three +H two O
React with amphoteric metals
If it reacts with aluminum.
2Al+2KOH+2H two O = 2KAlO two +3H two
React with amphoteric oxides
If it reacts with aluminum oxide.
Al two O three +2KOH = 2KAlO two +H two O
React with amphoteric hydroxide
For example, it reacts with aluminum hydroxide.
Al(OH) three +KOH=KAlO two +2H two O
Double decomposition reaction with salt solution
For example, it reacts with copper sulfate.
CuSO four +2KOH = Cu(OH) two ↓+K two SO four
For example, it reacts with copper chloride.
2KOH+CuCl two = Cu(OH) two ↓+2KCl
For example, it reacts with ferric chloride.
FeCl three +3KOH = Fe(OH) three ↓+3KCl [1]
React with some simple substances
Reacts with ozone.
6KOH(s)+4O three (g) = 4KO three (orange)+2 (KOH · H two O)+O two
4KOH(s)+4O three = 4KO three +2H two O+O two
React with phosphorus.
P four +3KOH (thick)+3H two O=PH three ↑+3KH two PO two [1]
React with sulfur.
stability
It is stable at room temperature and decomposes into potassium oxide at high temperature.
2KOH=K two O+H two O [2]
Participate in organic reaction
Prepare potassium alkoxide.
EtOH+KOH→EtOK+H two O
Haloform reaction.
RCOCH three +Cl two +KOH→RCOOK+CHCI three
Saponification reaction.
R'COOR''+KOH→R'COOK+HOR''
Nucleophilic substitution reaction.
CH three Br+KOH→CH three OH+KBr
Note: Since potassium hydroxide can participate in many organic reactions, here is only an example.

toxicology data

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acute toxicity
LD fifty
273mg/kg (rat by mouth)
thrill
Rabbit transdermal
50mg (24h), severe stimulation.
Rabbit transocular
1mg (24h), moderately stimulated (washed with water).
Ecotoxicity
TLm
80ppm (24h) (Mosquito fish) [3]

application area

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2. Used as raw material for potash production, such as potassium permanganate Potassium carbonate Etc.
3. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used for production Potassium borohydride Spironolactone Salmonel Testosterone propionate progesterone vanillin Etc.
4. It is used in light industry to produce potassium soap, alkaline battery, cosmetics (such as cold cream Alabaster And shampoo).
5. In the dye industry, it is used to produce vat dyes, such as vat blue RSN.
6. It is used as an absorbent for analytical reagent, saponification reagent, carbon dioxide and water.
7. In the textile industry, it is used for printing, dyeing, bleaching and mercerizing, and is largely used as the main raw material for manufacturing man-made fibers and polyester fibers, as well as for manufacturing melamine dyes.
8. It is also used in metallurgical heating agent and leather degreasing.

Content analysis

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Take 10g of this product, quickly and accurately weigh it, put it into a 250ml measuring bottle, add some newly boiled and cooled water to dissolve it, cool it to room temperature, dilute it with water to the scale, shake it up, precisely measure 50ml, put it into a 500ml conical flask with a stopper, add 95ml of newly boiled and cooled water and 5ml of 10% barium chloride solution, tightly plug it, shake it up, place it for 15 minutes, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and use hydrochloric acid titrant (1mol/L) Titrate until the red color of the solution disappears, and record the volume of hydrochloric acid titrant consumed (1mol/L) (V one )Add 10 drops of methyl red bromocresol green mixed indicator solution, continue to titrate with hydrochloric acid titrant (1mol L) until the solution turns from green to dark red, boil for 2 minutes, cool down, and titrate until the solution turns dark red. Record the volume of hydrochloric acid titrant consumed (1moL) (V two )。 According to the consumed volume (V one ), calculate the content of KOH in the test article, and according to the volume consumed after adding methyl red bromocresol green mixed indicator solution (V two -V one ), calculate K in the test quantity two CO three Content of. Each 1ml hydrochloric acid titrant (1mol/L) is equivalent to 56.11mg KOH or 69.10mg K two CO three [5]

First aid measures

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Contact part
First aid measures
Skin contact
Take off contaminated clothes immediately and wash with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.
Eye contact
Immediately lift the eyelid, and thoroughly flush it with a large amount of flowing water or physiological saline for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.
inhalation
Quickly leave the site to fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Get medical attention.
Ingestion
Rinse with water and drink milk or egg white. Get medical attention.
Fire extinguishing method
Put out the fire with water and sand, but prevent articles from splashing in water and causing burns.

Leakage emergency treatment

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Isolate the leakage contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency treatment personnel wear dust masks (full face masks) and acid and alkali resistant work clothes. Do not touch the leakage directly.
Small amount of leakage: collect it in a dry, clean and covered container with a clean shovel. A large amount of water can also be used for flushing, and the diluted washing water will be discharged into the waste water system.
Large amount of leakage: collect and recycle or transport to waste disposal site for disposal.

Packaging, storage and transportation

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Packing method: solids can be packed into 0.5mm thick steel drums and sealed tightly, with the net weight of each drum not exceeding 100kg; Full opening or middle opening steel drum outside the plastic bag or two-layer kraft paper bag; Screw mouth glass bottles, iron cap pressure mouth glass bottles, plastic bottles or ordinary wooden boxes outside metal barrels (cans); Threaded glass bottles, plastic bottles or tinned sheet steel barrels (cans) are covered with bottom plate lattice boxes, fiberboard boxes or plywood boxes; Tin plated steel drum (can), metal drum (can), plastic bottle or metal hose corrugated box.
Precautions for storage: store in a cool, dry and well ventilated warehouse. Keep away from kindling and heat sources. The humidity in the warehouse should be no more than 85%. The package must be sealed to prevent moisture. It shall be stored separately from combustibles and acids, and mixed storage is strictly prohibited. The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain leakage.
Transportation precautions: during railway transportation, steel drum packing can be transported by gondola. The package shall be complete and the loading shall be stable when the goods are shipped. During transportation, the container shall not leak, collapse, fall or be damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix with combustibles or combustibles, acids, edible chemicals, etc. The transport vehicle shall be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment during transportation.

Related terms

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Safety terminology
S7:Keep container tightly closed.
Store in a tightly closed container.
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.
Keep away from ignition sources and no smoking.
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
After eye contact, immediately flush with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
Wear appropriate protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the lable where possible).
In case of an accident or feeling unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label if possible).
Risk terminology
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
It is harmful if swallowed.
R35:Causes severe burns.
Causes serious burns.

security information

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  • Packing grade: II
  • Hazard category: 8
  • Customs code: 2815200000
  • Dangerous goods transportation code: UN29243/PG2
  • WGKGermany:1
  • Hazard category code: R22; R35
  • Safety instructions: S7-S16-S36/37-S45-S36/37/39-S26
  • RTECS No.: TT2100000
  • Dangerous goods sign: C: Corrosive; F:Flammable;T:Toxic;Xi:Irritant