synonymJR(Abbreviated English name of JRC Group) Generally refers to JRC
JR，I.eJapan Railway Corporation(Japan Railways) is a large group of railway companies in Japan.Its predecessor isJapanese state-owned railway(Referred to as "National Railway", the commonly used abbreviation is "JNR").In 1987, Japan National Railway was divided into seven companies, and the original state-owned management right was transferred toprivately operated（Privatization of national railway division）The companies separated from them are collectively called "Japan Railway Corporation".Japanese railway companies sometimes translateJapan Passenger RailwayHowever, there are freight railway companies among Japanese railway companies.When emphasizing the whole, it is also calledNippon Railway Group（JRグループ）。
corporate name
Japan Passenger Railway Corporation Group
Foreign name
Japan Railways/JRグループ
Date of establishment
April 1, 1987
Headquarters location
Japan
Business scope
Domestic passengers, freight rail services and others in Japan
Due to poor management, the revenue deficit of Japan's state-owned railway, which was formerly a state-owned enterprise, has accumulated for many years, and its long-term debt has reached tens of trillion yen. As a result, the Japanese government has begun to study how to divide, corporatize and privatize the railway to improve its operation.
On April 1, 1987, the state-owned railway of Japan was divided into seven independent special legal persons, including six railway passenger transport companies and one railway freight transport company, according to the Law on the Reform of the State owned Railway passed by the Japanese Congress.The special legal person "Japan State owned Railway Liquidation Corporation" (dissolved in 1998), which was initially established under the same law and still holds all the shares of seven companies, gradually released its shares, and each company also gradually went public to achieve the goal of privatization.At present, four passenger railway companies of JR (JR East Japan, JR East China Sea, JR West Japan, JR Kyushu) have reached the goal of full privatization due to their good operating conditions, while other companies still need state subsidies, and the Japanese government still holds all or most of their shares.
At present, except that JR cargo, which is responsible for freight services, is still operated nationwide, passenger transport companies generally have a fixed jurisdiction, and maintain a relationship of both competition and cooperation.
JR companies not only operate general railway lines and Shinkansen, but also operate general buses, high-speed buses and other ancillary businesses;In addition, there are "Comprehensive Research Institute of Railway Technology" and "Railway Information System Co., Ltd." jointly funded and operated by various companies.
