synonymEdgar Allen Poe(poet) generally refers to Edgar Allan Poe (a 19th century American poet, novelist, and literary critic)
Edgar Allan Poe（Edgar Allan Poe, January 19, 1809 to October 7, 1849）, 19th centuryU.S.APoet, novelist and literary critic, an important member of the Romantic era in the United States.
Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His parents died when he was young. He was adopted by John and Francis Allan in Richmond, Virginia. After a short period of study at the University of Virginia, he dropped out of school, and then joined the army. Poe left the Allan couple.Poe began his writing career with a low profile, and published his poetry collection Timur and Other Poems anonymously.In 1835, he married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia Clem in Baltimore.In 1838, The Story of Arthur Gordon Pimm was published and received widespread attention.In the summer of 1839, Poe became the assistant editor of Burton's Gentleman's Magazine.During this period, he published essays, novels, and reviews, which strengthened his reputation as a keen critic that he began to establish during his work in Southern Literary Messenger. During the same period《Strange Stories》The first and second volumes were published in 1839.In January 1845, Poe published poetry“crow”, the reputation of the moment rose.He died in Baltimore on October 7, 1849.[1-2]
Born on January 19, 1809boston, the second child of the three brothers and sisters, whose father David Poe and mother Elizabeth Arnold Poe are actors in the same troupe.Elizabeth Poe, whose ancestral home is England, is a leading actor, and her mother Elizabeth Smith Arnold is also famous in the early American theater.David Poe's father was born inIrelandHe was a patriot during the Revolutionary War. David Poe left his home soon after.[3]
In 1811, his mother died in Richmond, Virginia.The three brothers and sisters William Henry, Edgar and Rosalie were adopted and guarded by three families respectively.Edgar's adoptive parents were Frances and John Allen, who was born in Scotland and was a wealthy tobacco merchant in Richmond at that time.Although the childless couple did not legally adopt Edgar, they changed his name to Ellen and raised him as their son.[4]
From 1815 to 1820, John Allen planned to set up a branch business abroad, and his family moved to Scotland, and then moved to London soon afterwards.Edgar first went to a school run by the Dibble sisters, and then in 1818 he became a student in a boarding school in Stoke, a suburb of London.[4]
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The Ellen family returned to Richmond in July 1820, and Edgar continued his studies in the local private school.Showing a talent for learning Latin, drama and swimming.Write a double line satire.Except for "Oh, Times! Oh, Fashion!", all the poems have been lost.Ellen's business closed in 1824 after two consecutive years of economic depression, but his uncle's death in 1825 made him a rich man again, and he bought a house in the city center.Despite the strong opposition of both families, Edgar made a private engagement with Sarah Emira Royst for life.[4]
In 1826, he entered the University of William and Mary with outstanding achievements in classical and modern languages.He found that the living expenses provided by Ellen were not enough, so he often took part in gambling and lost $2000.Ellen refuses to pay his gambling debt, and Poe returns to Richmond to find that the Roysts have successfully annulled his "engagement" with Amira.[4]
begin to display one 's talent
Edgar Allan Poe
In 1827, she complained about Ellen's ruthlessness and ran away from home in March despite the repeated reassurance of Frances Ellen.He went to Boston by boat under the pseudonym of "Henry Lerenne".In May, he was recruited to join the US Army and reported his name as "Edgar A. Perry". He was 22 years old and employed as a "clerk". He was assigned toBoston PortA coastal artillery regiment of the independent fortress.Convinced a young printer to publish his first book, Timur and Other Poems, with the author's signature as "Bostonian".In November, Poe's troops moved to Fort Moret in South Carolina.[4]
In 1828-29, after a series of promotions, Poe won the highest rank of sergeant among the soldiers.With the intention of becoming a professional soldier, he sought John Allen's help to seek the opportunity to enter West Point.Mrs. Ellen died on February 28, 1829. Poe retired from the army with honor and lived inBaltimoreSeveral patrilineal relatives.While waiting for a reply from West Point, I wrote to ask Ellen to pay for the publication of the second book of poetry, saying, "I have stoppedByronAs a model. "Ellen refused to provide financial support, but "Al Araf, Timur and Little Poems" was still published by Hatch and Dunning Publishing House in Baltimore in December 1829. This time, Poe added his own name.The revised Timur and six new book samples were approved by the critic John Neil, who wrote a short but praiseworthy review.[4]
Entered in May 1830West Point。He has excellent language knowledge and is popular among students for his funny poems satirizing officers.John Allen married again in October 1830. Soon after his marriage, he read Poe's letter which began with "Mr. A is not always sober", so he immediately broke off with Poe.Poe deliberately "disobeyed" (missed class, didn't attend church, didn't attend roll call) in order to leave the military academy. In January 1831, Poe was tried by a military court and dismissed.February to New York.Sign a contract with a publisher with the money donated by military school students《Poetry anthology》Second edition.The book was dedicated to "scholars and students of the United States", including "To Helen", "Salad Fee", and his first critical article, "Letter to Mr. XX" as a preface.Live in Baltimore with my aunt Maria Ketim and her eight year old daughter Virginia;There was also Poe's elder brother William Henry who died in August. In addition, Poe's grandmother Elizabeth Cairns Poe received a little pension for her late husband's contribution in the War of Independence, which made up for the lack of family income.Send five short stories to participatePhiladelphiaThe essay contest sponsored by the Saturday Messenger;None of the novels won prizes, but they were all published by the Messenger the following year.(These five short stories are: the stories of Mezengestein, Duke Delomelert, Jerusalem, loss of breath, and so on)[4]
In 1832, he lived at his aunt's house and taught his cousin Virginia to study.Write six short stories, hope to add《Kurier 》The five published articles were collected and published under the title of Folio Club.In the summer of 1833, he sent these six novels to participate in the essay contest held by the Saturday Tourist in Baltimore.《Manuscript in bottle》He won the first prize of fifty dollars, and the Colosseum ranked second in the poetry competition.The two award-winning works were published by the Tourist Daily in October 1833.[4]
The short story "The Dreamer" (the title of this article was later changed to "tryst") was published in the January 1834 issue of Gody Lady Magazine, which was the first time Poe published his work in a magazine with a large circulation.John Allen died in March 1834;Although he was born withConcubine outTheir children were mentioned in their wills, but Poe was excluded.John P. Kennedy, one of the judges of the essay contest of the Tourist Daily, recommended Poe to Thomas White, the publisher of the monthly magazine Southern Literary Messenger. From March 1835, Poe sent short stories, book review articles and his first long story, Hans Puffar, to the magazine.That month, he refused Kennedy's dinner invitation on the grounds of "shabby clothes, shameless appearance", and Kennedy began to lend him money.Grandma Elizabeth Poe died in July, and Poe went to Richmond in August.His sharp critical articles won him the nickname of "Tomahawk", and also greatly increased the circulation and popularity of Southern Literary Messenger across the country. White hired him as assistant editor and chief writer of book reviews.When Maria Clem suggested that Virginia might move to a cousin's house, Poe proposed to her and returned in SeptemberBaltimore。White wrote to Poe warning him to fire him if he drank again.In October, Poe returned with Virginia and Mrs. ClemRichmondIn December, White promoted Poe to be the editor of this monthly magazine.Poe published the first few scenes of his uncompleted plain verse tragedy Polyhian on the December issue of The Messenger.[4]
Heyday of creation
In May 1836, she married Virginia Clem, who was almost 14 years old.Mrs. Clem continued to live with the Poes as a housewife.He wrote more than 80 book reviews for Southern Literary Messenger, including high praiseDickensTwo articles of;Print or reprint his novels and poems, which are often revised.Borrow money from relatives to let Clem and her daughter run a boarding house, and intend to sue the government for returning the war loan provided by his grandfather to the country;Both plans fell through.Despite the help of White and James Kirk Polding, we couldn't find a publisher willing to publish the folio club that he has increased to sixteen or seven articles (Harper Brothers Press told him that "readers in this country obviously prefer the whole book to contain only one simple and coherent story...")[4]
In 1837, there was a dispute with White over salary (about $10 a week) and editorial autonomy, which led to his resignation from the Southern Literary Messenger in January 1837.The family moved to New York to find a new life, but could not find the position of editor.Mrs. Clem runs a boarding house to help support her family.Publish poems and novels, including《Ligeia 》(Poe later called it "my best novel");He began to write Arthur Gordon Pimm, which had been published in two parts in Southern Literary Messenger, and wanted to write it as a long work that could be published separately.Harper Publishing House published The Story of Ah Goh Pimm in July 1838.Poe's family moved to Philadelphia.He continued to be a freelance writer, but he was penniless and still could not find an editorial position. He considered giving up his literary career.[4]
In 1839, due to the poverty of livelihood, he agreed to use his own name as the author of the Basics of Shellology, a handbook for shellpickers.He began to publish the first batch of articles on cryptanalysis in Alexander Weekly Messenger.By consent《Gentlemen magazine》The editorial policy of William Burton, the founder and boss of the magazine, is a prerequisite for starting to do some editorial work for the magazine.Provide a signed work and most of the review articles required by the journal every month;His early works include The Fall of the House of Usher and William Wilson.End of 1839《Strange Stories》(2 volumes) published by Ley Blanchard Press in Philadelphia, including all 25 short stories written at that time.[4]
Since January 1840, he has been serializing the unsigned Rodman's Diary in the Gentleman's Magazine, but stopped the serializing of this unfinished long story because of a quarrel with Burton in June and his dismissal.He tried to set up Penn Magazine, whose editorial affairs were managed entirely by himself, and distributed a "plan" for this purpose, but the plan was put on hold because of no financial support.In November 1840, George Graham bought Burton's Gentleman's Magazine and merged it with his Treasure Chest into Graham's Magazine;Poe published People in the Crowd in the December issue of the magazine.[4]
He has been an editor of Graham Magazine since April, 1841 (annual salary of 800 dollars plus contribution fee for literary works);Publish the first of his so-called "mystery novels"《Mog Street Murder》。Then he wrote new novels and poems, and wrote a series of articles on cryptanalysis and authentic copy.By the end of the year, the number of subscribers to Graham Magazine had more than quadrupled.Ask about seeking clerical positions in Taylor's government.The plan of founding Penn Magazine was mentioned again. For this reason, he hoped to get Graham's financial support and invited Owen, Cooper, Bryant, Kennedy and some other writers to contribute regularly.[4]In January 1842, when Virginia was singing, a blood vessel broke and nearly died, but she never fully recovered.meetingDickens。The works published in spring include "The Mask of Red Death" on Graham Magazine and a praiseHawthorneAnother article was published on《Saturday Evening Post》In this article, Poe tried to follow Dickens'《Barnaby Ratch》The previous 11 chapters speculate about the end of the book (he guessed who the murderer was, but he guessed wrong in other aspects).In May 1842, he resigned from Graham Magazine, and his editorial post was replaced by Rufus Wilmot Griswold (later the custodian of Poe's posthumous works).He failed to persuade the Philadelphia publisher to publish an expanded version of The Strange Tales, which he revised and renamed as The Strange Tales.Works published in autumn include《Crater and pendulum》。[4]
In 1843, at the invitation of James Russell Lowell, he regularly contributed articles to his new magazine Pioneer.《A leaky heart》Lionel and an article later named Poetic Interpretation were published in Pioneer, but the journal was closed after only three issues.go toWashington DC, intended to be interviewed for a low-level position in Taylor's government agency, and at the same time to attract subscribers for his own proposed magazine, which has now been renamed Iron Pen.Loss of job opportunities due to drunkenness;Friends had to put him on the train back to Philadelphia.He continued to write satires, poems and comments, but tried to borrow money from Griswold and Lowell because of his poor livelihood.June《Scarab》Won a prize of $100 in the essay contest of the Philadelphia "Dollar Daily" and was immediately welcomed;The massive reprint of this novel and the adaptation of a script made Poe famous as a popular writer.As the first and only volume of a series of small books, The Legends of Edgar A. Poe was published in July, including《Mog Street Murder》And The Used Up.He became friends with Philadelphia Gopher novelist George Lippard.In November, he began to lecture on "American poets and poems".Works published in autumn include《black cat》。[4]
In 1844, he moved to New York and published in《New York Sun》The "Balloon Deception" on has greatly improved Poe's popularity.Despite previous setbacks, he continued to plan to establish Iron Pen. His intended audience included "well educated people from countless farms in our vast southern and western regions." Lowell invited him to write a personal essay for the magazine, and replied, "I don't think human efforts will have obvious effects on human beings themselves.Compared with 6000 years ago, human beings are just more active - but not happier - and not smarter. "He wrote the unfinished History of American Literary Criticism and continued to give speeches on American poetry.In October, he joined the editorial department of Der Spiegel Evening News in New York to write articles about the literary market, contemporary writers and appeals for international copyright law.In November, he began to publish a series of short comments on the "margin collection" in the monthly issue of Democracy Review.[4]
On January 29, 1845, "Crow" was published in the Mirror Evening News and won unanimous praise from the public and critics. Newspapers and periodicals rushed to reprint it, and many people followed suit.Enter the circle of New York literati and get to know Evert Dykink. He chose Poe's 12 short stories to compile a Collection of Stories, which was published by Willy and Patnam Press in July.The book's popularity encouraged publishers to publish Crows and Other Poems in November.During the same period, he began to write for Broadway Magazine, became the editor of the magazine in July, and soon after that, he began to write for Broadway Magazine byHorace Greeley The money borrowed by others became the owner of the magazine.He republished most of his revised novels and poems in the magazine, and published more than 60 literary essays and comments. In addition, he also commented on the Southern Literary Messenger, and published a long article on "American Drama" in the American Whig Party Review.She expresses her love for the poetess Frances Sargent Osgood in her poems.Articles criticizing plagiarism involve the most famousLongfellowThis led to a private debate known as the "Longfellow War" (January August), which made Poe notorious and alienated friends like Lowell.In May, he gave a speech on "American poets and poems" in New York.In October, his reputation was further damaged and increased by the boos he won when explaining Al Araf at the Boston Lecture Hall and the insulting ridicule he made to Boston when answering.Virginia gets worse in the autumn.[4]
End of life
Edgar Allan Poe
In 1846, the combination of mental depression and poverty forced him to stop running Broadway Magazine after the last issue was published on January 3. He moved his family to a small house in Fordham Village, a suburb of New York, where the sick Virginia was nursed by Mary Louise Hugh. Mrs. Hugh kindly provided bedding and other necessities.He wrote to Virginia and said, "You are now the biggest and only motive force for me to fight against the disgusting, disgusting and disappointing life." In many newspapers in New York and Pennsylvania, he and his family were mentioned as poor almsgiving objects.For most of the year, he was seriously ill. He still managed to publish A Barrel of Monteya White Wine and Philosophy of Creation, insisted on publishing comments on Gody Lady Magazine, and continued to publish short comments on the "Page Collection" series in Graham Magazine and Democratic Review.In May, he began to publish a satirical feature titled "Scholars in New York City" in Gody Ladies Magazine.Among them, an article about Thomas Dunn Ingrid, whom Poe met in Philadelphia, aroused Ingrid's dissatisfaction. He wrote an article attacking Poe's low morality and confusion of mind.Poe sued the Mirror Evening News, which published this article, and won the lawsuit the next year and received reputation compensation.He started to revise the "Scholar" chapter into a book under the title of "America of Literature", and planned to include articles on poetry analysis andHawthorneA revised version of the comments of.In a letter to a young admirer, he said: "As for The Iron Pen, that is the lofty goal of my life, and I haven't deviated from that goal for a moment." I first heard that he began to gain popularity in France, and the French translation of The Tales and a long analytical review were published.[4]
Virginia died on January 30, 1847.Po Lingering Sick Bed was the least creative in that year.With the careful care of Mrs. Clem and Mrs. Hugh, he recovered and again sought funding to establish a literary magazine, which failed again.Complete the review of Hawthorne and the revision of Landscape Garden (later incorporated into Arnheim Paradise);Write two poems: one is to thank Mrs. Hugh for "To M.L.S.", and the other is《Unarum》。The growing interest in the theory of cosmic philosophy prompted him to prepare to write《I found out》Material.[4]
Edgar Allan Poe
In 1848, the better the health at the beginning of the year.In a letter, he attributed his past periodic alcoholism to the insanity caused by the constant fear that Virginia would die: "My enemy would rather attribute my insanity to alcoholism than to my alcoholism... It was a kind of endless and terrible loss between hope and despair, and I could not bear that kind of suffering again unless I was drunk.From the death of my own life, I felt a new, but - God!What a miserable existence. "Make speeches and recite everywhere to raise funds for "Iron Pen".The speech on the "universe" in New York in February has taken shape. Later《I found out》This book was published by Patnam Press in June.In MassachusettsLowellDuring the city speech, he fell in love with "Anne" (Mrs. Nancy Richmond), and she became his bosom friend;Then onRhode IslandOfProvidenceAfter a three-month pursuit of Sarah Helen Whitman, he asked the 45 year old widowed poetess to marry him.When she was hesitant because she heard about Poe's "bohemian" character, Poe fidgeted all day long and was restless. After returning from a trip to Providence, she took a whole dose of opium tincture.Due to the influence of Mrs. Whitman's mother and friends, their short engagement ended in December.Explain the Principles of Poetry in Providence's speech.Write The Bell.[4]
In 1849, he was very active as a writer and lecturer, and his main publishing channel was the famous weekly magazine "The Banner of Our United States" in Boston.In February, he wrote a letter to a friend and said: "Literature is the most noble profession. In fact, it is almost the only profession suitable for a man." He criticized Lowell's "Fables for Critics" for ignoring southern writers.At the beginning of summer, he left for Richmond to seek southerners' support for Iron Pen.stayPhiladelphiaWhen staying, they are nervous and confused, obviously showing the symptoms of persecution paranoia;His friend George Lippard and illustrator John Satin were worried about him, and Charles Burr bought him a train ticket to Richmond.During his two month stay in Richmond, he went to see his sister Rosalie, participated in the activities of the Alcoholics Association, and was engaged to his childhood lover, now widowed Amira Royst Shelton.Maybe I want to pick up Mrs. Clem in New York and drive toBaltimoreA week after his ship left Richmond, that is, on October 3, someone found Poe in a semi coma and delirium outside a polling station in Baltimore. It is said that a while before his death, he was seen wearing clothes that were not his own, constantly talking in nonsense, and always repeating the name "Reynolds".On October 7, he died of "cerebral hemorrhage".The Bell and Annabel Lee came out at the end of his life.[3]
Main works
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short story
Chinese name of work
English name
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type
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Mezengerstein
Metzengerstein
1832-01-14
Horror and satire
Published anonymously.
Initial subtitle: A Tale in Imitation of the German
February 15, 1845 by《New York World》The second edition was released, adding the poem written by Lydia on her deathbed with the title "The conqueror reptile".
The teaching books on marine shellfish are not the works of Allan Poe.Forced to make a living, he agreed to sign the author of the book with his own name.
Allan Poe, the author of The Treasure of World Literary Masterpieces: A Collection of Strange Stories, was a great writer and a famous literary critic in the 19th century American literary world.His works are unique in style and exquisite in language. It is difficult to classify his works into a certain school, but the word "aestheticism" can be used to describe all his works and himself.Allan Poe's greatest achievement lies in his literary thought and theory. His reasoning and horror novels are the most widely known
Allan Poe's Collection of Short Stories is a book published by the People's Literature Publishing House in 1998. The author is Edgar Allan Poe.This book collects the author's selected excellent works and novels.
Creation characteristics
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Theme
Allan Poe's horror novels are characterized by romanticism.Throughout Poe's horror novels, the themes of his stories are mostly "revealing the dark side of human consciousness and subconsciousness", which is obviously different from other romantic writers of the same era.Poe deeply depicts and presents the spiritual state and psychological characteristics of people in an unrealistic state with a special literary form, such as horror novels, and tries to "reveal the spiritual predicament of modern people in an unrealistic and irrational way of expression".With the help of strange, scary and strange storiesHyperbole、metaphorThe crisis of human nature expressed by rhetoric means such as symbol, arouses readers' strong reading interest, and at the same time, it shocks the soul and makes people think deeply.[5]
Poe's creative principle is his theory of "effect", and his choice of "death" as the theme of his literary creation is determined by this creative principle.Poe believes that, whether writing poems or novels, writers must pay attention to the unity of effects, must always think of the intended ending, and must make every plot indispensable.He wrote in "Comments on Hawthorne's" Storytelling "He once stated his creation principle as follows: "A clever artist does not incorporate his own thoughts into his plot, but carefully plans in advance to come up with a unique and distinctive effect, and then invents such plots - he connects these plots, and everything he does will be conducive to achieving the effect of preconceived ideas to the maximum extent".So that "every event, every description detail, even every word and sentence will receive a certain unified effect, a predicted effect, an impressionistic effect".He emphasized the emotion that the work can arouse and the effect it can produce for readers.In the "philosophy of creation", he believes that the primary purpose of the story is to hold the readers' heartstrings emotionally and produce the most exciting effect.
The theme of death is expressed through careful and compact structure and the simplicity of the works.Poe's works are exquisite in form and skillful.Allan Poe emphasized the simplicity and unity of the work in his Review of Hawthorne's "Storytelling".In his writing, he also kept the plot and structure highly simple. There are usually only two or three characters in the novel, and there are no irrelevant details and decorations.In his opinion, a skillful writer must have his mind in his head and think carefully before writing, choose and organize the plot to achieve the desired effect, and should not have a word's intention that is directly or indirectly irrelevant to the preconceived idea.In order to better reveal the theme of death, he resolutely ruled out plots unrelated to the theme, and required that the works must have exquisite artistic forms, and must reflect the principle of highly unified content and form.In his opinion, in order to ensure the unity of the effect, the first thing to consider is the length of the work.He said that a poem or a novel should not be too long, and readers should be able to "read it at one sitting".Otherwise, earthly chores will interfere with readers' reading and appreciation, and destroy the unity of the work's effect.Therefore, he carefully designed the structure in order to achieve the perfect unity of form and content.[6]
artistic characteristics
romanticism
AndEmerson 、WhitmanSuch mainstream writers are optimistic, confident and enthusiastic. Poe shows his unique romantic inspiration by showing death and ugliness, and expresses his understanding of the world and human nature in symbolic and metaphorical ways.His horror novels are often set in the abyss, castles, darkrooms, storms or moonlight. The characters are tortured by loneliness, death consciousness and mental abnormality, which makes them creepy and chilly, just like nightmares.Allan Poe's writing style is exquisite and his words are well used. Through the design of breathtaking and wonderful plots, he tries his best to describe strange events and horrible scenes that are unimaginable to ordinary people in horror novels, creating artistic conception, rendering atmosphere and accurately achieving the expected artistic effect of the works.[5]
Humorous novel
Under constructionHumorous novelIn the plot, Allan Poe obviously absorbed the narrative mode of frontier humorous stories. Sometimes he let the narrator participate in the development of the story, and sometimes he let the narrator stay outside the story, always shuttling inside and outside the story, so that he could not only feel the inner thoughts of the hero, but also objectively narrate the story with realism. The difference is that,Poe's stories are more meticulous, more refined, more focused on the pursuit of results, more diversified and rich means, showing a stronger literariness, which greatly improves the literary taste of American humorous literature.Master of humorMark TwainAlthough he criticized Poe, the narrative mode of his humorous novels is obviously similar to Poe's novels.
There are many funny and humorous characters in Edgar Allan Poe's humorous novels.If we examine the archetypes of these characters, we will find that their portrayal is actually Poe's original parody of many well-known characters.In the process of parodying the characters, Poe always likes to use irony and puns to express his satire on the characters' words and deeds;Sometimes, in order to highlight his funny and humorous personality, Poe even uses rewriting or inversion to process the language.[7]
Mystery novel
Allan Poe wrote sixty or seventy short stories in his life. Although he only wrote four or five mystery novels, he is universally recognized as the "originator of mystery novels".Representative works: Murder in Morger Street, The Suspect of Mary Roger, The Stolen Letter and《Scarab》They are regarded as the first of this kind of novels and have a great impact on later generations.
Detective novel expert Hackeloft believes that: "The location of the crime is arranged in a tightly locked darkroom; the process of solving the case has become a model for Allan Poe to write detective novels with rigorous logic and empathetic reasoning." This model has been used by detective novelists from all over the world for 140 years, and even the famous British writer Collins, known as the "father of detective novels"《Moonstone》Detective Cliff of Li was also influenced by Poe.[8]
Gothic style
Most of poe's novels have gothic tradition.Its characteristics are mainly manifested in the details of the novel's narrative and the magic and fantasy narrative plot, which does not lose the sense of reality of the narrative. He has a unique aesthetic attraction of strange and astringent terror factors in the fine description of the Gothic environment atmosphere and the control of the contingency in the narrative plot,It is in these aspects of aesthetic acceptance that we can see through the influence of the early British Gothic novel tradition on Poe's creation.
It is worth mentioning that Poe's gothic novels are also of great practical significance. They reflect the alienated psychological state of people in the current society: loneliness, fear, anxiety, worry, despair, etc.Lonely and anxious people, based on their psychological needs of "self preservation", naturally have a thirst for a sense of sublimity: people desire to be in a certain safety zone, where destructive objects can actually threaten and harm people, while enjoying the aesthetic pleasure caused by terrorism, danger, darkness, etc.[9]
science fiction
Poe's science fiction is not only imaginative and fascinating, but also has scientific theoretical basis, which is convincing.Many science fiction novelists in later generations, including Verne, the founder of the two major schools of modern science fiction, the originator of "hard science fiction", and Wells, the representative of "soft science fiction", have highly praised Poe.In their works, there are more or less traces of imitating Poe.Therefore,Chen LiangtingHe called Poe the pioneer of science fiction, and Shi Chengrong also believed that "the great writer who wrote real science fiction is Allan Poe of the United States." It is worth noting that Poe's science fiction is not an ordinary popular science book, but, like his other novels, it is Poe's tortuous artistic expression of real life.[10]
symbolism
The so-called "pure poetry" of symbolism was first proposed by Allan Poe.Allan Poe believes that;"There is no poem in the world, and there can be no poem that is more completely noble and extremely noble than this poem itself. This poem is a poem, and there is nothing else. This poem is completely written for poetry."
Allan Poe believes that music is fundamental to poetry. "Music becomes such an important opportunity in poetry through its meter, rhythm, rhyme and other ways that it would be unwise to reject it." "The combination of music and pleasant thoughts is poetry. Music without thought is just music, and thought without music is prose by virtue of its certainty."What poetry gives through its musicality is an ambiguous and ambiguous emotion, which is exactly the purpose of poetry
Poe's proposition and practice on the musicality of poetry had a profound impact on French symbolism, so that musicality became a very important common artistic feature of symbolism.[11]
Character influence
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Edgar Allan Poe
Allan Poe's gothic novel creation not only mixes the popular elements such as suspense, romance, murder, terror and so on that traditional gothic novels have, but also expresses a unique creative concept, caring for the early American local culture and the irrational feelings of people in the capitalist society driven by materialism,Thus, his Gothic novel creation broke the boundary between serious novels and popular novels to a certain extent, and realized the spiritual communication with readers in a broader aesthetic space.Allan Poe's successful attempt to combine the Gothic story with the detective's conjecture story has a great impact on future writers."Edith Wharton, William Faulkner, Eudora Welty, Flannery O'Connor, Hart Crane, Stephen King and many other writers all use Poe's Gothic style in their works, all of which illustrate the great influence of Poe's Gothic novel creation on the level of reception aesthetics and its powerful aesthetic function.[9]
Poe's literary criticism is indeed a masterpiece in the American literary world.(Literary criticEdmund Wilson Comment)[13]
Poe's achievements are mainly reflected in three aspects: critic, poet and short story writer.Poe was the greatest writer and magazine critic in his time. His poems were exquisite and elegant, and his novels were masterpieces of art.(Comment by British writer Bernard Shaw)[14-15]
Allan Poe is the greatest poet in America.（Irish poet[18]Yeats Comment)[16]
Allan Poe wrote about changes in human feelings such as regret and fear.(commented by Zhou Zuoren)[17]
