CE certification

Safety compliance mark

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synonym CE (EU CE Directive) generally refers to CE certification

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

CE certification, i.e. limited to product Basic safety requirements that do not endanger the safety of humans, animals and goods, rather than general quality requirement The coordination instruction only stipulates the main requirements, and the general instruction requirements are standard tasks. Therefore, the exact meaning is: CE mark It is a safety conformity mark rather than a quality conformity mark. Is composed of Europe The "main requirements" of the instruction core.^[1]

"CE" mark is a kind of safety Certification mark , deemed to be opened and entered by the manufacturer European market Your passport. CE stands for CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE.

In the EU market, the "CE" mark belongs to Compulsory certification The mark, whether products produced by enterprises within the EU or products produced in other countries, must be affixed with the "CE" mark if they want to circulate freely in the EU market, to show that the products meet the basic requirements of the EU Directive "New Methods for Technical Coordination and Standardization". This is EU Law A mandatory requirement for a product.

Chinese name: CE certification
Foreign name: CE certification

Meaning: Safety conformity mark rather than quality conformity mark.
Purpose: Demonstrate passing the test of international safety standards

catalog

nine Symbolic significance
ten Certification advantages

Origin of lexical meaning

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CE is the abbreviation of French, which means "European Conformance" in English European Community In fact, CE European Community The abbreviation of the phrase "European Community" in many national languages was originally abbreviated as EC , since the European Community French It is COMMUNATE EUROPEENNE, and COMUNITA EUROPEA in Italian, Portuguese It is COMUNIDADE EUROPEIA, and it is COMUNIDADE EUROPE in Spanish, so it is changed to CE. Of course, CE can also be regarded as the "main requirements" that constitute the core of the European directive (CONFORMITY WITH EUROPEAN (DEMAND)). In the European Community Resolution on New Methods for Technical Coordination and Standards (85/C136/01) of May 7, 1985, there is a specific meaning for the "main requirements" that need to be used as the purpose of formulating and implementing the directive, that is, only limited to products that do not endanger human beings Basic safety requirements for the safety of animals and goods, not general quality requirement The coordination instruction only stipulates the main requirements, and the general instruction requirements are standard tasks. The product meets the main requirements of relevant directives, and the CE mark is a safety conformity mark rather than a quality conformity mark. In the 1940s, Western Europe country I feel that we should ensure our own security between the United States and the Soviet Union and improve international status , accelerate economic development , must be united, so push Europe integration process 。 European integration It can be divided into five levels: establishment free trade area 、 customs union , Unification Big market , Economy monetary union and Political alliance 。

Issuing authority

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(1) The Declaration of Conformity/Declaration of Compliance issued by the enterprise itself is a self declaration and should not be Third party institutions (intermediary or testing certification authority), therefore, it can be replaced by the enterprise's Declaration of Conformity in the EU format.

(2) Certificate of compliance technical information TCF At the same time, the enterprise shall also sign the Declaration of Conformity.

（3）EC Attestation of conformity 《 european union Standard Compliance Certificate, which is issued by the notified body of the European Union (NB for short). According to EU regulations, only NB is qualified to issue CE declaration of EC Type.

Certification procedure

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Confirm export country

If export to European Economic Area EEA Including EU EU And any of the 30 EFTA member countries may require CE certification.

CE certificate sample

Confirm product category and EU Related products Directives If a product belongs to more than one category at the same time, it must meet the requirements listed in the product directives corresponding to all categories. Note: Some products excluded from the directive are sometimes listed in some product directives.

european union Authorized agent

Authorized Representative

In order to ensure that CE CE Marking certification Implementation process 4 requirements are met, EU Law It is required that manufacturers located outside 30 EEA allies must designate one within the EU Authorized representative of EU (Authorized Representative of the European Union) to ensure that the product is delivered to European market After, on Circulation process And the consistency of product "safety" during use; Technical Files must be stored in the EU for inspection by the supervision authority at any time; To be Market supervision The products found by the organization that do not meet CE requirements, or have accidents during use but have been labeled with CE labels, must Take remedial measures 。 (such as temporary removal from the shelf, or permanent removal from the market); CE labeled Product model After being put on the European market, in case of changes or changes in the relevant laws of the European Union, its subsequent products of the same model must also be changed or amended accordingly, so as to meet the new legal requirements of the European Union.

Mode required for certification

For almost all EU product directives, the directives usually provide manufacturers with several CE certification modes (Modules), manufacturer You can choose the most suitable mode according to your own situation. Generally speaking, CE certification modes can be divided into the following 9 types Basic mode ，

Mode A: Internal production control (Self declaration) (Module A: Internal Production Control)

Mode Aa: internal production control, plus Third party testing （Module Aa: Intervention of a Notified Body）

Mode B: EC Type test （Module B: EC Type- examination ）

Mode C: Conformity to Type

Module D: Production Quality Assurance

Mode E: Product quality assurance （Module E: Product Quality Assurance）

Mode F: Product verification （Module F: Product verification）

Mode G: Unit Verification

Mode H: Full Quality Assurance

Based on the different combinations of the above basic modes, several other different modes may be derived. Generally speaking, not all models can be applied to all products. In other words, it is not that manufacturers can choose any of the above modes to carry out CE certification for their products.

Self declaration mode or must pass Third party certification authority

The EU's product directive allows manufacturers of products with low risk levels in certain categories to choose the mode A: "internal production control (self declaration)" for CE certification. Products with high risk level must pass Third party certification authority NB (Notified Body) intervention. For products with high risk level, their manufacturers must choose other modes other than mode A, or mode A plus other modes to achieve CE certification. In other words, it must pass Third party certification authority NB (Notified Body) intervention.

In the certification process of other modes other than mode A, at least one certification authority recognized by EU is usually required NB Participate in part or all of the certification process. According to different modes, NB may conduct sample inspection, sampling inspection, factory review, annual inspection, and different Quality system audit , etc. to intervene in the certification process, and issue corresponding test reports, certificates, etc.

There are more than 1200 Certification body Recognized by the European Union, the vast majority of these certification bodies are located in the territory of EU allies. Generally, an NB is only authorized by the EU to carry out one or more modes of certification for one or more types of products. In other words, it is impossible for an EU authorized certification body to certify all product categories, and even if it is authorized for product categories, it is usually not authorized for all models. For each EU product directive, there is usually a NB directory of authorized certification bodies for the product directive.^[2]

Maintenance and update

Technical Files

EU laws require that after the products with CE labels are put on the European market, their technical documents must be stored in the EU for inspection by the supervision authorities at any time. If there is any change in the contents contained in the technical documents, Technical documents It should also be updated in a timely manner.

Technical documents shall generally include the following contents:

A. Manufacturer（ Authorized representative of EU (EU authorized agent) AR).

B. Model and number of the product.

c . Product Operation Manual 。

D. Safety Design documents (Key Structure diagram , which can reflect the creepage distance, clearance, insulation layer number and thickness a design chart ）。

E. Products technical conditions (or Enterprise standard ）。

F. Electrical schematic diagram of the product.

G. Products Circuit diagram 。

H. List of key components or raw materials.

i . Test report （Testing Report）。

J. Relevant certificates issued by the EU authorized certification authority NB (for other modes other than mode A).

K. Registration certificate of the product in the EU (for some products, such as Class I medical apparatus and instruments , common IVD In vitro diagnostic medical devices ）。

L. CE declaration of conformity (DOC).^[2]

Certification fee

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CE certification fee Main cause of

CE certification fee It mainly depends on the selected certification body and the relevant directives of the product. different Product testing The projects are also quite different. Generally, the common products are electronic and electrical products. The common test projects are classified into EMC and LVD Instruction. Mechanical products CE certification fee Far higher than ordinary products, it involves factory audit procedures and evaluation.

CE certification fee can apply for development fund subsidy

International market development funds for SMEs Project support includes Product certification As long as the enterprise meets the development funds Project declaration You can apply for project subsidies under the following conditions: Product inspection Testing expenses and other expenses are not supported, the support proportion is 50%, and the maximum amount is 30000 yuan/piece. Product certification must be carried out by a foreign certification company or China CNCA and Industrial and commercial administration Department review , registered branch and authorized agency (only directly authorized). Each product of each enterprise can only be certified once in a country.

Select CE certification body

CE certification is only for products Safety certification , not right product quality Certification. Therefore, there is little difference between certification bodies recognized by TUV or other European member states, and domestic certification bodies can also issue CE certificates.

CE certification is a Conformity assessment It is generally in two forms: self declaration and certification by certification bodies.

CE Certification Fee and Product Directive

Some products are only required to pass the LVD certification for CE certification, but the customer specifies that EMC instructions must be made, and there is a cost gap between the two. CE certification, some customers prepare domestic market For the purpose of marketing and CE certification, we choose an order at will. CE certification stipulates that its products can freely circulate in the market of EU member states, and all directives contained in its products are required to pass Test certification The CE mark can be affixed only after. CE certification of electrical appliances generally requires that LVD and EMC should also include machinery instructions. Therefore, the cost is completely different. CE certification selection instructions should also refer to the customer's opinions and the product's own situation.

Certification time

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The testing time in China is relatively fast, while the real certification body recognized by the EU takes a long time. What kind of certification body should be selected should also refer to the customer's requirements and their own needs, such as the other company's designated to do TUV certification We should do it according to the requirements of customers. We are a large multinational enterprise. To build a world-class brand, TUV certification is completely in line with our own situation. At this stage, the certificates issued by domestic institutions can also be recognized by the EU, and there are also certification institutions that have acquired the EU.

EU Directives

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The EU has implemented a system to protect the health of consumers and workers, the state of goods and the environment. Under this new system, the EU and some European Free Trade Association And developed EC directives. To ensure that the products meet the safety and quality standards.

Through harmonized standards, countries apply unified Evaluation procedure As a result, repeated tests and individual submissions by countries can be reduced.

EU/ European Community And the European Free Trade Association in 1994 European Economic Area This is the largest economic zone in the world. The participating countries include Austria 、 Belgium 、 Denmark 、 Finland , France, Germany Greece 、 Iceland 、 Ireland 、 Italy 、 Luxembourg 、 Netherlands 、 Norway 、 Portugal 、 Spain 、 Sweden ,, and the United Kingdom.

accord with

The product must comply with applicable EC directives, otherwise it will be excluded from this market. EC directive provides necessary health and safety requirements, and establishes the program These procedures vary from product to product and from directive to directive.

CE/RoHS logo

The CE mark is the manufacturer's compliance mark, indicating compliance with all current directives. For most products sold to the EU, CE mark Use of and declaration of the product Compliance , is a mandatory statutory provision. With this compliance mark, the product can be freely member state Circulation. The CE mark must be marked on the product device or on the package. However, this CE mark does not exempt the national law enforcement agencies from taking actions against products that do not conform to the mark.

How to mark CE

Decide on the applicable directives

Determine applicable reconciliation standards and necessary health and safety requirements

If the instruction requires or there is actual need, a verification agency must be selected.

Determine and evaluate the appropriate compliance model.

Incorporate directive requirements into design considerations

Summarize technical documents

Prepare the declaration of conformity

Difference between CE certification and RoSH certification GS Difference from CE

What is RoHS instructions

The European Parliament and Council of the European Union Adopted in January 2003 RoHS Directive The Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Restricted use some Hazardous substances Directive, also known as Directive 2002/95/EC, was supplemented by the European Union in 2005 in the form of resolution 2005/618/EC, which clearly stipulated the maximum limits of six hazardous substances.

Significance of ROHS implementation

The significance of RoHS directive lies in cooperation WEEE directive Promote environmental protection energy conservation 。

WEEE It is the abbreviation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. This command is created by European parliament And the Council proposed that EU member states should start compulsory implementation on August 13, 2005. Its main purpose is to prevent the generation of waste, and secondly to facilitate the recycling, reuse, remanufacturing of waste and reduce Resource waste 。

The directive covers the following 10 categories of almost all electronic and electrical equipment. The purpose of this directive is to make supplier Take financial responsibility for recycling and reusing respective electronic and electrical equipment. Manufacturer, brand manufacturer (including sales Private brand Retailers of products), importers and exporters Commercial capital These new EU requirements for electronic and electrical equipment must be met. Since August 13, 2005, EU countries have promulgated and implemented WEEE and its extended directive 2003/108/EC. For 10 new EU accession countries, the extension period can be as follows:

12 months: Slovenia (2004/312/EC);

24 months: Czech Republic republic 、 Estonia 、 Hungary 、 Latvia 、 Lithuania and Slovakia （2004/312/EC）； Cyprus 、 Malta and poland （2004*486/EC）

Difference between GS and CE

GS	CE
Non compliant certification	Compulsory
Test GS according to German safety regulations	Test according to European standard (EN)
The third party authorized by the German government conducts the test and issues the GS mark certificate	CE can be declared on the premise of complete technical documents (including test reports)
Annual fee must be paid	No annual fee
Factory inspection must be carried out every year	No factory inspection required
The GS logo is issued by an authorized testing unit, which has high credibility and market acceptance	Factory's self declaration of product conformity, low credibility and market acceptance

Test items

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Electromagnetic compatibility test Project (EMC)

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Conducted interference voltage Main items and standards of EMC testing

Space radiation (Radiation) EN55011,13,22 FCC Part 15&18, VCCI

Conducted interference (Conduction) EN55011,13,14-1,15,22, FCC Part 15&18, VCCI

Click (Click) EN55014-1

Power Clamp EN55013,14-1

Magnetic Emission EN55011,15

Low Frequency Immunity EN50091-2

electrostatic discharge (ESD) IEC61000-4-2 、 EN61000-4-2、GB/T17626.2

radiated immunity (R/S) IEC61000-4-3、EN61000-4-3、 GB/T seventeen thousand six hundred and twenty-six point three

Burst Immunity (EFT/B) IEC61000-4-4 、EN61000-4-4、 GB/T17626.4

surge Immunity (SURGE) IEC61000-4-5 、 EN61000-4-5、GB/T17626.5

Conductive disturbance Immunity (C/S) IEC61000-4-6 、 EN61000-4-6、GB/T17626.6

Power frequency magnetic field immunity (M/S) IEC61000-4-8 、 EN61000-4-8、GB/T17626.8

Voltage drop (DIPS) IEC61000-4-11、EN61000-4-11、 GB/T17626.11

harmonic current (Harmonic) IEC61000-3-2、EN61000-3-2

Voltage flicker (Flicker) IEC61000-3-3, EN61000-3-3

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Radiation field intensity
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Jamming power
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Antenna terminal interferes with telephone
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harmonic current
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Fluctuating voltage
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RF interference voltage
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Low frequency magnetic field
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High frequency magnetic field
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Continuous jamming
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static electricity
eleven
Transient pulse
twelve
RF continuous wave
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Continuous wave conducted interference
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Power frequency magnetic field
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pulse
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Supply voltage transient

CE project

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working voltage
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Failure test
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Impact experiment
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Vibration test
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impact test
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Electrical clearance, creepage distance and insulation penetration distance
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Plug experiment
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Resistance of protective connecting conductor
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External wire terminal block
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Power line stress relief test
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Electrical connection and fixation test
twelve
Leakage test
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Contactability test
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Energy hazard inspection
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Restricted power supply test
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Safety interlock device test
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Printed circuit board test
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Power protection sleeve
nineteen
Inspection of encapsulated and sealed parts
twenty
External force resistance test
twenty-one
Electrical equipment in the building (upper)
twenty-two
Electric shock test
twenty-three
Dielectric strength test
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Label inspection and test
twenty-five
Radiation test
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Calorific test
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SELV test
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TNV test
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Current limiting circuit test
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Overload test
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Manual device test
thirty-two
Explosion proof test of battery
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Spill test
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Flammability test
thirty-five
Fire test
thirty-six
Adhesive test
thirty-seven
Vicat test
thirty-eight
Waterproof test

Low voltage test items (LVD)

Input test Heating test temperature rise Humidity test Glow wire test Glow wire test State test Over Load test Overload test Leakage current measurements Electric Strength test Withstand voltage test Earth continuity test Ground resistance test Cord anchorage test Power line tension test Stability test Stability test Plug torque test Impact test Impact test Capacitor discharge test at plug discharge test Fault conditions test Component damage test Working voltage measurement Working voltage test Motor lock rotor test Low and high temperature test Tumbling test drum Drop Test Insulation resistance test Ball pressure test Screw Torque test Screw torque test Needle flame test

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Certification mark

The CE certification mark is accepted by the national regulatory authority of the member states of the European Community responsible for implementing the safety control of market products, and Non customer When a product has been attached with the CE certification mark, the member states are responsible for sales Safety supervision The authorities of the EC should assume that they meet the main requirements of the Directive and are free to circulate on the Community market.

Scope of application

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CPR regulations It will be applicable to all sales and circulation in European market Construction products , such as doors and windows, wallpaper, architectural paint Steel fiber , geotechnical Glass wool etc. Thermal insulation material , floor, roof materials Asphalt mixture , gypsum, concrete, cement, pipeline, flooring materials sewer Equipment, doors and windows, glass, structural metal products, fasteners Waterproof material , structural timber traffic signal Indication, fire protection equipment and heating equipment Etc, EU CPR Regulation In addition to the six basic performance requirements, enterprises are also required to prove the environmental sustainability of their construction products.

In addition to the six basic performance requirements, the regulation also requires enterprises to prove the environmental sustainability of their construction products. Not only that, the new regulations, on the basis of the original restrictions on building product manufacturers Traders , Importers and distributor And other links related to the circulation of construction products have made new mandatory requirements to provide unified performance evaluation Method, by using a common technical language, to ensure that all buildings Product performance Reliable information.

Impact of EU CE Certification CPR Regulation on China

The new regulations mean that the restrictions on manufacturers, traders, importers and distributors will be more stringent. This has played a considerable role in further regulating the EU market. China is a big country of building materials, and the EU is one of the main export places of China's building materials. industry insiders It is believed that the entry into force of this regulation will benefit China's export to the EU by nearly 10 billion dollars Building materials products Usher in new challenges.

Symbolic significance

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Since the European market began to implement the CE mark on toy products in 1990, there has been a strict trend in the implementation of the CE mark. However, when domestic toy manufacturers print the CE mark on their products or packaging, they do not make it completely according to the relevant size regulations. The Council will hereby appeal to domestic manufacturers to pay attention to the CE mark on toys Trade name , trademarks, European agents and the addresses of importers must be pasted or printed on the toy body or other packages in an obvious and readable style. If the toy is too small or is composed of small parts, relevant information can be printed on the toy package or Catalog The European market has packaging regulations for the size of the CE mark. The height of the CE word should be at least 5mm, and the total length of the CE word should not exceed 12mm typeface The width shall be no less than 1/5.

CE certification

The thickness shall be at least 1/5 of the height (at least 20 × 1/5=4mm here)

As shown in the figure CE Certification, the peripheral radius is 10mm

The inner wall transverse column shall have at least 80% of the peripheral radius (10 × 0.8=8mm)

The picture of CE Certification shows the height of 2cm CE mark For example, the contents of the signs shall include warnings and precautions printed in local market characters. Name, trademark and address of manufacturer or authorized agent, importer. CE conforming to regulations.

The meaning of the CE mark is that the product with the CE mark has passed the corresponding Conformity assessment procedure And/or the manufacturer's declaration of conformity, which complies with the provisions of the relevant European Union directives, and is taken as the product is allowed to enter European Community Marketing pass check 。 Relevant directives requiring CE marking industrial product If there is no CE mark, the product shall not be put on the market for sale. If it is found that the product with the CE mark has entered the market does not meet the safety requirements, it shall be ordered to withdraw from the market. If it continues to violate the provisions of the directive on the CE mark, it will be restricted or prohibited from entering the EU market or forced to withdraw from the market. The CE mark is not a quality mark, but a mark representing that the product has complied with European standards and directives on safety/health/environmental protection/hygiene All products sold in the European Union must bear the CE mark

Certification advantages

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CE certification provides a unified technical specifications , simplified trade program 。 Products from any country should enter the EU European Free Trade Area CE certification must be carried out and CE mark must be affixed on the product 。 Therefore, CE certification means that products enter the EU and Europe freedom of trade Pass to the regional national market.^[3] CE certification indicates that the product has met the safety requirements specified by EU directives; yes Business to consumer A kind of commitment of, increased the consumer's trust in the product; Products with the CE mark will reduce the risk of sales in the European market.

risk

● The risk of being detained and investigated by the customs;

● Risks investigated and dealt with by the market supervision agency;

● Risk of being accused by peers for competitive purposes.

advantage

● EU laws, regulations and Harmonized standards Not only the number is large, but also the content is very complex, so it is a wise move to save time and effort and reduce risks to obtain the help of the EU designated institutions;

● Obtain the CE certification issued by the EU designated agency, which can maximize the trust of consumers and market supervision agencies;

● Be able to effectively prevent those irresponsible allegations;

● In case of litigation, the CE certificate of the EU designated agency will become legal effect Technical evidence;

● Once punished by EU countries, the certification authority will share the risk with the enterprise, thus reducing the risk of the enterprise.

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