Construction of 500m aperture spherical radio telescope started on March 25, 2011[9]；The inauguration ceremony was held on September 25, 2016, and the technology infrastructure was put into trial operation and commissioning;On January 11, 2020, it passed China's national acceptance and was officially opened for operation[3]。
The 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope has created a new model for building giant telescopes. It has built radio telescopes with reflective surfaces equivalent to 30 football fields, and its sensitivity is more than 2.5 times that of the world's second largest telescope. It has greatly expanded human vision to explore the origin and evolution of the universe[19]。
At 0:00 on April 6, 2024, the application channel for free observation projects in 2024 will be open to the world until 24:00 on May 15.At present, applications from 15 countries have been received accumulatively.[73]
As of April 17, 2024, 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope（FAST）More than 900 new pulsars have been found, includingFASTMore than 650 pulsars have been found in the galactic pulsar survey project, one of the priority and major projects.Among more than 900 pulsars, there are at least 120 binary pulsars, 170 millisecond pulsars, and 80 weak occasional pulsars. These discoveries have greatly expanded the horizon of human observation of the universe.[75]
Chinese name
500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
Foreign name
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST for short)
Alias
"China Tianyan" (FAST)[40]
Commencement date
March 25, 2011
Date of use
January 11, 2020(officially put into use)
Region
Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China
On August 26, 1993, at the General Assembly of the International Radio Union, astronomers from 10 countries, including China, proposed a plan to build giant telescopes, eager to go back to the original universe before the radio environment was completely destroyed, and solve many problems in astronomy.Driven by this scientific source and through continuous exploration, Chinese astronomers put forward the proposal and engineering scheme for building a 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope in Guizhou karst depression[24]。
On September 23, 2005, the expert review meeting of FAST project proposal was held for the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope, and the project passed the review;On November 4, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope started its project application[24]。
On March 29, 2006,Bureau of Basic Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesPresided over the "FAST Project International Assessment and Consultation Meeting", and affirmed the feasibility of key technologies of the 500m spherical radio telescope[24]；On June 16, the National Astronomical Observatory of China, Kunming Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province organized a coordination meeting for the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope project in Guiyang, where the conditions provided and measures taken for the implementation of the project were discussed and consensus reached[23]；On July 15, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope was selected as Dawodang depression in Pingtang County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province[21]。
On July 10, 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the project proposal for the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope[24]。
On March 18, 2008, the feasibility study report of the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope FAST was evaluated by experts[24]；On October 31, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the feasibility study report of the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope FAST;On December 12, the preliminary design report and investment estimate of the 500m spherical radio telescope passed the review;On December 26, the groundbreaking ceremony of the 500m spherical radio telescope was held at Dawodang, the site of Guizhou Observatory[9]。
On June 9, 2009, the bidding for detailed site survey of the 500m spherical radio telescope was completed[14]；On November 16, the acceptance of all aluminum reflector unit prototype was completed for the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope[21]。
500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
On September 15, 2010, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope passed the acceptance of the feed cabin design study[21]；On September 26, the construction drawing design of the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope project site passed the expert review[21]；On November 12, the signing ceremony of the project management contract was held for the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope[11]。
On January 23, 2011, the commencement ceremony of the excavation project of the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope was held[20]；On March 25, the construction of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope began[19]；On November 30, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope held the signing ceremony of the construction drawing design contract for the feed support tower[27]。
On February 22, 2012, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed the contract acceptance of the FAST Project Feed Cabin Scheme Optimization Design[28]；On August 4, 500m aperture spherical radio telescope completed the drainage tunnel connection project[15]。
On March 25, 2013, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope excavated the telescope site and built the base and active reflector[26]；On June 4, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed the acceptance of the cable simulation test[26]；On November 29, the acceptance of the foundation works of the feed support tower was completed for the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope[21]；On December 31, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope completed the closure of the ring beam steel structure[12]。
From March 15 to July 23, 2014, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope was installed on the site;On May 1, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope carried out the construction of the cabin docking platform project[26]；On June 23, the construction of the main body of the docking platform for the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope was completed[26]；On July 17, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope carried out the manufacturing and installation of reflector cable net[21]；On July 23, the acceptance of the ground anchor project of the reflector was completed for the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope[26]On September 11, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed the acceptance of the FAST ring beam manufacturing and installation project[13]；On October 16, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope completed the completion acceptance project of measuring foundation pier[26]；On November 15, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed the manufacturing and installation of the cable net of the reflector;On November 30, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed the acceptance of the reflector cable net manufacturing and installation project[26]。
On January 21, 2015, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope completed part of the welding and installation of the cabin substitute structure;On February 4, the installation of the last cable was completed for the 500m spherical radio telescope, and the cable net was closed[4]；On February 10, the installation of the first supporting cable for the cable drive of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope was completed[16]；On August 2, the hoisting of the first reflection unit was completed for the 500m spherical radio telescope[5]；On September 30, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed the comprehensive wiring project of the project, and carried out the withstand voltage test of 10 kV high-voltage cables and the commissioning of substation equipment[6]；On November 21, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope carried out the upgrade test of the first feed cabin[7]；On November 30, the acceptance of the docking platform of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope was completed[17]。
On July 3, 2016, the installation of the last reflector unit was completed for the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope[8]；On July 31, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope completed the construction of the main arrowhead of the observation base[26]；On September 25, the launching ceremony of the 500m spherical radio telescope was held, and the technology infrastructure was put into trial operation and commissioning.
On April 19, 2019, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope was opened for trial;On April 22, the 500m spherical radio telescope passed the process acceptance[29]；On May 27, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope project passed the archives acceptance[30]；On May 30, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope project passed the acceptance of the construction, installation and financial disciplines[31]。
On January 11, 2020, the 500m spherical radio telescope passed China's national acceptance and was officially opened for operation[3]。
Observation operation
On April 18, 2018, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST) found millisecond pulsars for the first time and obtained international certification[33]。
On January 24, 2019, the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope and Tianma telescope realized the first joint observation, and obtained VLBI interference fringes[32]。
On March 31, 2021, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope solicited observation applications from global astronomers.
In June 2022, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope found the first continuously active rapid radio storm, which was published in the international academic journal on June 9, 2022 Beijing timeNatureMagazine publication.[39]
In September 2022, FAST, the "Chinese Celestial Eye", carried out a deep observation of a rapid radio storm located outside the Milky Way Galaxy, and detected for the first time the magnetic field changes in the surrounding environment that is only 1 astronomical unit away from the center of the rapid radio storm (that is, the distance from the sun to the earth), which is an important step towards revealing the engine mechanism of the rapid radio storm center.[44]
In October 2022, it was reported that the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used the Chinese Celestial Eye FAST to make imaging observations“Stephen Quintuple Galaxy”And the surrounding sky, a huge atomic gas system with a scale of about two million light years was found, that is, a large number of diffuse hydrogen atomic gas.This is the largest atomic gas system ever detected in the universe.This achievement was published in the international academic journal Nature at 23:00 on October 19, 2022 Beijing time.[46]
On December 10, 2022, it was reported that recently, the research team of Han Jinlin, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory, used the China Celestial Eye FAST to detect the gas medium in the Milky Way Galaxy and obtain high-definition images.The series of achievements will be published in professional academic journals on December 10, 2022Science in ChinaOn.[48]
On December 26, 2022, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences reported that Li Di's team, a researcher of the observatory, meticulously characterized the radio frequency polarization characteristics of the dynamic universe through the systematic analysis of the fast radio burst observation data of the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST). The latest research reveals that circular polarization may be a common feature of repeated fast radio bursts.This important astronomical observation discovery and research achievement paper was published in the comprehensive leading journal Science Bulletin of the excellent action plan of Chinese scientific and technological journals in the form of a cover article on December 26, Beijing time.[50]
On June 21, 2023 Beijing time, the international academic journal Nature published an important achievement of China's Tianyan FAST online.The research team found a binary star system named PSR J1953+1844 (M71E) by using China's Tianyan FAST. Its orbital period is only 53 minutes, which is the pulsar binary system with the shortest orbital period found at present.This discovery fills a missing link in the evolution model of spider like pulsar system.[55]
In June 2023, scientists discovered a pulsar binary system with an orbital period of only 53 minutes by using the "Chinese Celestial Eye" FAST, which is the pulsar binary system with the shortest orbital period found so far, and confirmed the theory of the evolution of spider pulsars from the "red back" to the "black widow" system from observation.The research was completed by the scientific research team of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the domestic and foreign collaborators, and the relevant results were published online in the international academic journal Nature on the 21st.[56]
FAST, "China's Celestial Eye", has discovered a pulsar binary system with an orbital period of only 53 minutes, which is the pulsar binary system with the shortest orbital period found at present, and has confirmed the theory of the evolution of spider pulsars from the "red back" to the "black widow" system from observation.[57]
The schematic diagram of "pulse" of black hole observed by "China Tianyan" in radio band for the first time[63]
In the early morning of July 27, 2023 (Beijing time), the international scientific journal Nature published the latest achievement "sub second periodic radio oscillation in micro quasars" around the discovery of China's Tianyan FAST, which was the first time to observe the phenomenon of sub second low-frequency quasi periodic radio oscillation in micro quasars in the world - the discovery of the radio radiation pulse of the black hole,The complex dynamic characteristics of black hole jet are revealed.[62]
China Tianyan FAST discovers the largest atomic gas structure in the universe
On August 18, 2023, the international scientific journal Nature Astronomy published the new results of the Wang Shouguan Sky Survey Commando led by Han Jinlin, a researcher from the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The team successfully detected and analyzed a batch of weak and low pulse radiation like raindrops in the magnetosphere of pulsar B2111+46 by using China Tianyan FAST,This group of low pulse radiation is a new form of pulsar radiation that is difficult to observe by other radio telescopes in the world, which reveals the physical fact that the magnetospheric structure of pulsars is basically unchanged when they are on the verge of extinction.The discovery of the short pulse population opens a new window for the study of the problem of pulsar radiation, and has important scientific significance for revealing the physics of the pulsar magnetosphere and its extreme plasma environment.[66]
In August 2023, the national key research and development plan "intelligent robot" key special project "FAST operation and maintenance robot system for major scientific infrastructure" passed the acceptance, which will provide operation and maintenance guarantee for "China Tianyan".[65]
In October 2023, the "Wang Shouguan Sky Survey Commando" led by Han Jinlin, a researcher from the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered 76 accidental pulsars in the "Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) Sky Survey" using China's Tianyan FAST, including the most faint group of pulsars known to mankind, which only occasionally radiate pulses in a few rotation cycles,It is internationally known as "Rotating Radio Transient Sources (RRAT)".The team also used FAST to make highly sensitive observations on 59 RRATs known internationally, confirming that RRATs are accidental pulsars.[68]
February 23, 2024: Since the Spring Festival, FAST, a 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope in Guizhou, has been observing the sky continuously.With the super sensitivity of telescopes, FAST has monitored 883 pulsars, more than three times the total number of foreign telescopes of the same type in the same period since its operation.[72]
At 0:00 on April 6, 2024, the application channel for free observation projects in 2024 will be open to the world. By 24:00 on May 15, applications from 15 countries have been received accumulatively.[73]
As of April 17, 2024, more than 900 new pulsars have been discovered by the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST), of which more than 650 pulsars have been discovered by the galactic pulsar survey project, one of FAST's priority and major projects.Among more than 900 pulsars, there are at least 120 binary pulsars, 170 millisecond pulsars, and 80 weak occasional pulsars. These discoveries have greatly expanded the horizon of human observation of the universe.[75]
On May 1, 2024, Zhijiang Laboratory officially announced that Zhou Dengke, Ph.D. of the Astronomical Computing Research Center, Wang Pei, associate researcher of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Li Di, chief scientist of FAST, had found two long-period pulsars in the globular cluster M15 using the FAST telescope of the "Chinese Celestial Eye"。[76]
On May 10, 2024, it was learned from the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that, based on the observation data of the "Chinese Celestial Eye", the international research team led by Chinese researchers found a batch of the most remote samples of neutral hydrogen galaxies.The project team estimated the density of massive neutral hydrogen galaxies in the sample and found that there were more massive neutral hydrogen galaxies in the universe 4.2 billion years ago[77]。This achievement was published online in the international academic journal Astrophysical Journal Newsletter on May 10.In this study, the FAST Ultra Deep Survey (FUDS) project hosted by Peng Bo, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, gave full play to FAST's high sensitivity and 19 beam receiver's advantages of large field of view, and carried out a deep "blind search" for distant and faint neutral hydrogen galaxies.[78]
Construction site
Announce
edit
The 500m spherical radio telescope is located in Dawodang depression, Jinke Village, Kedu Town, Pingtang County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China. It is about 85 kilometers away from Pingtang County in the northeast and 45 kilometers away from Luodian County in the southwest[1]。
east longitude
north latitude
106°50′55″
106°52′02″
25°38′48″
25°39′36″
reference material:[1]
primary objective
Announce
edit
Construction objectives
1. The 500m spherical radio telescope project laid a 500m spherical crown shaped active reflector in Guizhou karst depression, and formed a 300m instantaneous paraboloid in the observation direction through active control;
2. The light feed platform is supported by cables integrated with optics, mechanics and electronics, and the secondary adjustment device in the feed cabin can achieve high-precision pointing and tracking without rigid connection between the feed and the reflector;
3. Multi band, multi beam feed and receiver systems covering frequencies from 70 MHz to 3 GHz are configured in the feed cabin;
4. Develop terminal equipment for different purposes according to FAST scientific objectives;Built astronomical observatory[1]。
500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
Scientific objectives
1. Patrol the neutral hydrogen in the universe and study the large-scale physics of the universe to explore the origin and evolution of the universe;
2. Observe pulsars and study the material structure and physical laws under extreme conditions;
3. Led the international low-frequency very long baseline interferometry network to obtain celestial hyperfine structure;
4. Exploring interstellar molecules, studying the formation and evolution of stars, and exploring the origin of space life at the first level of the core black hole of galaxies;
5. Search for possible interstellar communication signals, search for alien civilizations[1]。
Figure 2 of 500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
Overall construction
Announce
edit
Construction content
The main six construction contents of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope are:
Main construction contents
Station site survey and excavation
Investigate the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the station site, excavate and clean the depression to meet the needs of telescope construction.
Active reflector
A spherical crown cable membrane structure consisting of 8895 steel cables and 4450 reflective units will be constructed, with a diameter of about 500 meters, a spherical crown angle of 120 degrees, and a mean square error of 5 mm for the deformed paraboloid
Feed support
A kilometre scale cable support system will be built, and a parallel robot will be installed in the feed cabin for secondary adjustment. The final adjustment and positioning accuracy will be 10mm.
Measurement and control
The datum network and datum station in the depression, laser total station and GPS measurement system will be built, and the accuracy of 100 meter distance measurement will be 2 mm.Bus and multi-layer control technology are used to realize thousands of points of automatic control and coordinated operation of telescope.
Receiver and terminal
According to FAST scientific objectives, the operating frequency covers 70 MHz to 3 GHz.Develop feeds (including 19 beam multi beam feeds), low-noise refrigeration amplifiers, broadband digital IF transmission equipment, highly stable clocks and high-precision frequency standard equipment.Configure multi-purpose digital astronomical terminal equipment.
Construction of observation base
Establish telescope observation room, terminal equipment room, data processing center, key technology laboratories, office buildings and comprehensive service system;It is used to receive, transmit, process and store data.
reference material:[1]
System composition
The 500m aperture spherical radio telescope mainly consists of three control systems, mainly including:
System name
System Introduction
Telescope master control system
It is used to coordinate and control each subsystem, monitor the operating status of each component, remove faults, collect and record operating data, and provide a unified time standard so that the telescope can carry out astronomical observation as planned.
Integrated control system of feed support
As the center of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope, its main functions are feed support measurement data processing, astronomical trajectory planning, feed support overall control and system timing.
Active reflector control system
According to the astronomical trajectory planning and measurement data, the node position of the reflector is controlled by adjusting the elongation of the actuator to form a paraboloid with accurate position and shape.
reference material:[24][26]
Structural design
Structural design
Reflector
Reflector unit
① The reflector unit is mainly composed of panel unit, back frame, adjusting device, connecting mechanism, etc.
② Through the active control of actuators and cable nets, an instantaneous paraboloid with a diameter of 300 meters is formed in the observation direction to gather electromagnetic waves, so as to realize astronomical observation.
③The total area of reflector is 250000 square meters[53]There are 4450 reflection units in total.
Ground anchor
The ground anchor is the foundation of the actuator and also the benchmark for Wanyuan Street reflector to realize displacement.
Cable net
population
① The cable net structure is the main supporting structure of the active reflector of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope, and is the key point of the active deflection of the reflector.
② The cable net can adopt a unique working mode of active displacement. According to the position of the observed celestial body, the actuator can be used to control the cable to form a paraboloid with a diameter of 300 meters in different areas of the 500 meter aperture reflector, so as to achieve celestial body observation.
Ring beam
Ring beam is the supporting structure of cable network, including cushion cap foundation, lattice column and ring beam.
Cabin docking platform
The cabin docking platform is located at the bottom of the center of the active reflector, which is the platform for installation of the feed cabin, parking in the port, maintenance and detection, as well as the platform for installation and replacement of cable drive cables.
Hydraulic actuator
Under the control of the upper control system, the reflector hydraulic actuator can achieve accurate positioning and cooperative movement through the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the hydraulic actuator. By adjusting the position of the lower end of the lower cable, it can indirectly and synchronously adjust the position of the cable mesh node, achieve real-time 300 meter caliber instantaneous paraboloid that meets the fitting accuracy, and achieve the tracking, source change and other requirements for astronomical observation.
Feed
Cable drive
① It is composed of various components of the driving machine, guide mechanism, cable device, control system, equipment foundation and other auxiliary facilities.
② The purpose of lightweight feeder cabin is realized, which breaks through the rigid support mode of relatively fixed feed and reflector in traditional radio telescope, greatly reduces the weight and size of feed support structure, and reduces the shielding of radio waves of radio telescope
Feed cabin
The feed cabin is the cabin where the feed system is placed, mainly including the star frame, AB axis mechanism, multi beam receiver steering gear cover and other ancillary facilities.
Feed support tower
① The main bearing structure of the feed support system of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope is the supporting support for the cable carrying and driving, and provides a rigid support platform for the tower top guide pulley to ensure that the drive cable can pull the feed cabin on the predetermined track.
② The feed support tower consists of six steel tube towers, and the top of the tower carries tens of tons of periodically slowly changing steel cable tension.The height of the six steel tube towers is more than 100 meters. The feed support tower has 24 tower leg foundations, which are divided into embedded foundation and pile foundation. The maximum burial depth of the pile foundation is 36 meters.
other
Measuring foundation pier
① The main building of the measurement and control system of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope.
② By building 24 foundation piers protruding from the reflector in the Dawodang depression, a stable and reliable installation platform is provided for high-precision measuring instruments, the node position of the reflector and the attitude of the feed cabin are measured, and the measurement data are provided for the reflector and feed support control.
Observation base
It provides basic support for the construction, operation and maintenance of the 500m spherical radio telescope.
Line cable
It is the neural network of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope, the channel for all command signals, data transmission and power transmission, and the guarantee for FAST's efficient operation.
reference material:[26]
Technical indicators
Technical indicators
area covered
260000 square meters
Spherical reflector
Radius: 300m, diameter: 500m, crown angle: 110 to 120 degrees
Ratio of antenna effective area to system noise temperature: 200 square meters/open, system noise temperature: 20 open
Multi beam (L-band)
19
Source changing time
<10 minutes
tracking accuracy
8"
reference material:[24]
Construction achievements
Announce
edit
Technical difficulties
Construction difficulties
1. The new design concept of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope has brought great technical challenges;The huge reflector can adjust the shape actively in real time according to the target position of the celestial body, and it needs to form an instantaneous paraboloid with a diameter of 300 meters in the observation direction;
2. Six steel cables are used for high-precision control of the 30 ton feed cabin at an altitude of 140 meters and within a range of 206 meters.
3. The reflector and feed cabin must achieve dynamic control accuracy of millimeter level on the scale of kilometer level.
4. The huge engineering volume, ultra-high precision requirements and special working methods have created unprecedented technical challenges for FAST.
Technical breakthrough
Compared with similar large aperture radio telescopes, the 500m spherical radio telescope has the following unique features:
1. Guizhou natural karst giant depression, an excellent station site on the earth, is used as the telescope site.
2. The self invented active deformable reflector forms a 300 meter caliber instantaneous paraboloid in the observation direction to converge electromagnetic waves, correct spherical aberration on the ground, and achieve broadband and full polarization.
3. Using opto mechatronics technology, we independently proposed a light cable driven feed support system and a parallel robot to achieve high-precision pointing and tracking of the telescope receiver and reduce the 10000 ton platform to tens of tons[1]。
technological innovation
1. As the cable net structure with the largest span and the highest precision in the world, the cable net is also the first cable net system in the world to adopt the displacement working mode;
2. The active reflective surface system with a total area of 250000 square meters is composed of 4450 reflective surface units, and each reflective surface is spliced by 100 riveted aluminum punched small panels, which not only reduces the weight, but also allows rainwater leakage and sunlight penetration to ensure the normal growth of ground vegetation;
3. Support mode of "feed cabin support system".The feed cabin support system adopts the flexible cable support mode, which consists of four subsystems: support tower, cable drive, feed cabin and cabin docking platform, breaking through the rigid body support mode of the traditional radio telescope feed cabin and the reflector relatively fixed[1]。
technological innovation
1. The new system of super large radio telescope, namely active reflector, feed support and other systems, has been created to realize the active deflection of 500 meter aperture reflector and high-precision positioning of feed cabin, which is a major breakthrough in radio telescope construction technology.
2. A ring beam supporting form suitable for complex terrain in mountainous areas is proposed, and the target configuration initial strain compensation method for cable net shape analysis is invented.
3. The structural steel cable with 500 MPa ultra-high stress amplitude and millimeter level accuracy has been developed, and a variety of large-span and high-precision construction methods have been invented, which has broken through the extremely harsh complex site restrictions on the site and realized the construction of the main structure of the telescope with large span and high accuracy.
4. The technology of large-scale, high-precision, high dynamic measurement control and safety assessment has been invented, which can provide high-precision position information of reflector and feed support dynamic measurement with all-weather, high-precision, large-scale and high sampling rate.
5. In terms of management innovation, it has adopted the whole process engineering consulting mode, created a "cross" cross management system and a "five dimensional integration" project management mode, realized the organic integration of energy conservation, green, environmental protection and other management systems, and opened a new mode of large-scale scientific engineering construction management[19]。
Scientific research achievements
2022On September 21Li KejiaProfessorEast SovietProfessor andXu Heng、Chen PingFAST priority and major scientific research team participated by Dr. et alNatureAn article was published to evaluate the origin of the repetitive rapid radio burst FRB20201124A.The team observed the depth of the sourceSeveral important discoveries have been madesecond[45]。
As of February 2023, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST), known as the "Chinese Celestial Eye", has found more than 740 pulsars.[52]
In March 2023, the discovery of repeated rapid radio bursts by "China's heavenly eye" was rated as one of the top ten scientific advances in China in 2022.[54]
In June 2023, scientists found a pulsar binary system with an orbital period of only 53 minutes by using the "Chinese Celestial Eye" FAST, which is the pulsar binary system with the shortest orbital period found at present, and confirmed the theory of the evolution of spider pulsars from the "red back" to the "black widow" system from observation.The research was completed by the scientific research team of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and domestic and foreign collaborators, and the relevant results were published online in the international academic journal Nature on June 21.[58]
In June 2023, the Chinese pulsar time array research team composed of scientific researchers from the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units, using the Chinese Celestial Eye FAST, detected the key evidence of the existence of the nanohertz gravitational waves, indicating that China's research on nanohertz gravitational waves has reached the leading level in synchronization with the international level.Relevant research results were published online in the Chinese astronomical academic journal Astronomy and Astrophysics Research on June 29, Beijing time.[59]
In the early morning of July 27, 2023, the international scientific journal Nature published the international cooperative research paper Subsecond Periodic Radio Oscillation in Microquasars jointly led by the Department of Astronomy of Wuhan University and the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences（Sub-second periodic radio oscillations in a microquasar）This paper is the latest achievement of China's Tianyan FAST, which reveals the complex dynamic characteristics of black hole jets.[61]
On July 29, 2023, the international scientific journal Science · Progress published the latest research of the Chinese and foreign joint team, revealing that there may be physical mechanism differences between the rapid radio burst (FRB) phenomenon and radio pulsar radiation[64]。
On August 18, 2023, the international scientific journal Nature Astronomy published results, and successfully detected and analyzed a batch of weak short pulse radiation like raindrops in the magnetosphere of pulsar B2111+46 using China's Celestial Eye FAST. This group of short pulse radiation is a new form of pulsar radiation that is difficult to observe by other radio telescopes in the world, revealing that pulsar radiation is on the verge of extinction,The physical fact that the magnetospheric structure is basically unchanged.[67]
In December 2023, it was reported that the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences released scientific research trends. Xu Jinlong and other researchers used the neutral hydrogen observation data of FAST to bring about great qualityLenticular galaxyHow to form new insights.[69]In the same month, the research team of Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory of Guizhou University, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking University constructed and released the world's largest sample of neutral hydrogen galaxies using the data from the China Sky Eye Survey, and shared high-quality large sample observation data with galaxy and cosmology researchers around the world.This achievement was published as a cover article in the English version of the Chinese academic journal Science in China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy.[70]
In April 2024, using the rich data of "China's Celestial Eye" FAST, researcher Li Di of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences led the team to propose a new analytical framework "Pincus Lyaponov phase diagram", which can quantify the randomness and chaos of explosive events, and reveal the essential difference between the time energy performance of rapid radio bursts and earthquakes and solar flares,This difference challenges the starquake origin of rapid radio bursts.Based on the new phase diagram, the team found that the rapid radio bursts in the time energy binary space travel close to the so-called Brownian motion, which shows a high degree of randomness.The powerful observation ability of FAST, "China's heavenly eye", combined with innovative analysis methods, can deeply depict the mysterious burst signal in the universe, which is expected to finally reveal its origin.On April 12, the research was published as a cover article on the comprehensive journal Science Bulletin of the "Outstanding Action Plan for Chinese Sci tech Journals".[74]
Technical name
Awards won
Engineering Innovation and Practice of Super Large Space Structure of 500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
Special Prize of Science and Technology Award of China Steel Structure Association in 2015
First prize of 2016 Beijing Science and Technology Award
Research and Application of Key Technologies for 500 MPa Stress Amplitude Fatigue Resistant High Precision Cable Mesh
First Prize of 2016 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Science and Technology Award Technological Invention Award
Research and Industrialization of Key Technologies for Large core, Super stable, Curved Movable Optical Cables
The second prize of 2017 Guizhou Science and Technology Progress Award
Technology and Equipment of Flexible Parallel Cable Drive System for 500m Aperture Radio Telescope
First prize of 2018 Liaoning Science and Technology Progress Award
Technical Innovation and Engineering Application of Long span Structures
The second prize of China National Science and Technology Progress Award in 2019
reference material:[2][19]
Honor recognition
entry name
Awards won
FAST Engineering Consulting Project
2018 FIDIC Engineering Award
500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) Project
The second batch of China Steel Structure Gold Award of the 12th China Building Metal Structure Association in 2017
2017 Guizhou Huangguoshu Cup Quality Project Award of Guizhou Provincial Department of Housing and Urban Rural Development
2018 Guizhou Excellent Engineering Survey and Design Selection Committee First Prize of Guizhou Excellent Engineering Survey and Design Award
2018 Society of Structural Engineers Outstanding Structure Award
2018 to 2019 China Construction Engineering Luban Award of China Construction Industry Association (National Quality Project)
The first prize of "Excellent Engineering Survey and Geotechnical Engineering" of the 2019 Industry Excellent Survey and Design Award of China Association of Survey and Design
The 18th China Civil Engineering Zhan Tianyou Award from 2020 to 2021
2021 Top Ten Global Project Achievements
Golden Award of National Quality Project Award from 2020 to 2021
2022 Top 100 Buildings in China's New Era[47]
FAST Captures the World's Largest Rapid Radio Burst Sample
Ten major scientific advances in China in 2021
Chinese Tianyan
2022 National Tourism Science and Technology Demonstration Parkarea[49][51]
”Evidence for the existence of low-frequency gravitational waves detected by China Tianyan FAST
Top Ten New Technologies in China in 2023smell
reference material:[2][19][37-38][71]
Data achievements
By May 2021, more than 370 pulsars have been found by the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope, and a series of major breakthroughs have been made in research fields such as rapid radio bursts[34]。
As of July 2022, more than 660 new pulsars have been discovered by the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope known as the "Chinese Celestial Eye".[41]Jiang Peng, executive deputy director and chief engineer of FAST Operation and Development Center, said, "China's Tianyan has entered the period of achievement explosion, and the stable operation of observation equipment has made great contributions to this."[42]
As of August 2022More than 100 high-level papers have been published based on FAST observation data.FAST's highly sensitive observations also found repeated rapid radio bursts and polarization angle changes, revealing that the rapid radio bursts originated from magnetostars in the distant universe.[43]
As of July 2023, the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST), known as the "Chinese Celestial Eye", has found more than 800 new pulsars.[60]On October 2, it was reported that the "Wangshouguan Sky Survey Commando" had found 76 new occasional pulsars in the "galactic pulsar snapshot (GPPS) sky survey" using China's Tianyan FAST.[68]
More than 370 pulsars were found by a 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope
Cultural characteristics
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Promotional film
On May 29, 2015, the FAST Project Publicity Film was released, which introduced the construction and scale of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope under construction at that time[18]。
Education base
On December 6, 2017, the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China issued the Notice on Publishing the List of the First Batch of National Primary and Middle School Students' Research, Practice and Education Bases and Camps, and the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope was selected as the first batch of national primary and middle school students' research, practice and education bases[22]。
Commemorative stamp
Postage pictures
Introduction to philatelic products
Commemorative Cover for the Completion of 500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
Produced by China National Philatelic Corporation.No.: PFTN · KJ-38;Specification: 220mm × 110mm
Seal and stamp design: Zhao Enzhong;Circulation: 100000;
Affix personalized stamps for radio telescopes, and cancel the commemorative postmark of "Commemoration of the Completion of the 500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope in Beijing on September 25, 2016";
Seal the postmark of "Guizhou Pingtang September 25th, 2016 Kedu Branch"
In situ seal of 500m aperture spherical radio telescope
Produced by Guizhou Philatelic Branch.Specification: 230mm × 120mm;
Affix personalized stamps and cancel the commemorative postmark of "Commemoration of the Completion of the 500m Spherical Radio Telescope 2016.9.25 China Pingtang FAST";
Seal the postmark of "Guizhou Pingtang September 25th, 2016 Kedu Branch"
Commemorative cover for the completion of 500m aperture spherical radio telescope
Space philatelic network production.No.: HTJY-F135;
The commemorative postmark of the completion of spherical radio telescope on September 25, 2016, "China Pingtang FAST";
Seal the postmark of "Guizhou Pingtang September 25th, 2016 Kedu Branch"
The World's First 500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope Completed
Produced by Shanghai Aerospace Philatelic Research Association.No.: SHJ-F83;
Specification: 220mm × 110mm;Design: Xu Dazhou;
Ticket cancellation of the commemorative postmark of "Commemoration of the Completion of the 500m Spherical Radio Telescope 2016.9.25 China Pingtang FAST";
Seal the postmark of "Guizhou Pingtang September 25th, 2016 Kedu Branch"
Commemorative cover for the inauguration of China's "Super Sky Eye"
Planned and produced by expert studio of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences.No.: GDSKLZ2016-01;
Specification: 175mm × 125mm;Designers: Fan Hantong, Fan Datao;Printing capacity: 100 pieces;
Ticket cancellation of the commemorative postmark of "Commemoration of the Completion of the 500m Spherical Radio Telescope 2016.9.25 China Pingtang FAST";
Seal the postmark of "Guizhou Pingtang September 25th, 2016 Kedu Branch"
Commemorative Postage Film for the Completion of 500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
The postage postcard of "the first anniversary of the founding of the Guizhou Aerospace Philatelic Research Association" was launched. The picture is the early construction picture of the 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope.
Specification: 183mm × 100mm;
Commemorative postmark of "Completion of 500m Spherical Radio Telescope 2016.9.25 China Pingtang FAST" will be cancelled;
Stamped "Guizhou Pingtang September 25th, 2016 Kedu Branch"
500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope Built to Commemorate the Limit Plate
The main picture of the limit film is the completed picture of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope, and the stamps are personalized stamps of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope;
Specification: 148mm × 100mm;
The postmark of "Guizhou Pingtang September 25th, 2016 Kedu Branch" is cancelled
Pingtang "Three Days" Postfold
Produced by Guizhou Philatelic Branch.The mail fold reproduces the three wonders of Pingtang with "Tianyan", "Tianshu" and "Tiankeng"
Personalized stamps for 500 meter spherical radio telescope
Produced by Guizhou Philatelic Branch.The main ticket picture is Sunbird, and the four auxiliary tickets are pictures of radio telescope in different periods
500m spherical radio telescope postcard
Issued by Qiannan Post and Correspondence Bureau of Guizhou Province.Specification: 193mm × 100mm
Scientific and Technological Innovation
On September 17, 2017, China Post issued a set of commemorative stamps called "Scientific and Technological Innovation", a total of five stamps, including a 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope as the theme;The stamp was designed by Du Yukai and printed by Shenyang Post and Telecommunications Printing Factory in Liaoning Province.
reference material:[35-36]
Value significance
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Application value
The construction of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope involves many high-tech fields, such as antenna manufacturing, high-precision positioning and measurement, high-quality radio receivers, sensor networks and intelligent information processing, ultra wideband information transmission, massive data storage and processing, etc.The key technology achievements of FAST can be applied to many related fields, such as large-scale structural engineering, high-precision dynamic measurement in kilometer range, large-scale industrial robot development, and multi beam radar devices.The construction experience of the 500m aperture spherical radio telescope will have an impact on the development of Chinese manufacturing technology in the direction of informatization, limitation and greening[9]。
Extending China's space measurement and control capability from geosynchronous orbit to the outer edge of the solar system, and increasing the data downlink rate of deep space communication by dozens of times.The measurement accuracy of pulsar arrival time has been improved from 120 nanoseconds to 30 nanoseconds, making it the most accurate pulsar timing array in the world, and making pulsar clocks for the forward-looking research of autonomous navigation.Carry out high-resolution microwave inspection, diagnose and identify weak space signals with a resolution of 1 Hz, and serve national security as a passive strategic radar.It can be used as the incoherent scattering radar receiving system of the "Meridian Project" to provide high resolution and observation efficiency;Track and detect coronal mass ejection events to serve space weather forecasting.
As a multi-disciplinary basic research platform, the 500m spherical radio telescope has the ability to extend neutral hydrogen observation to the edge of the universe, observe dark matter and dark energy, and find the first generation of celestial bodies.It can discover about 7000 pulsars in one year, and study the material structure and physical laws under extreme conditions;It is hopeful to find strange stars and quark matter;It is found that neutron star - black hole binary does not need to rely on the model to accurately determine the mass of black hole;Gravitational waves are detected by accurately measuring the arrival time of pulsars;Joining the international very long baseline network as the largest station to image the hyperfine structure of celestial bodies;It is also possible to discover a giant maser galaxy with high redshift, realizing the observation breakthrough of the first methanol super maser outside the Milky Way;It is used to search and identify possible interstellar communication signals, search for extraterrestrial civilization, etc[10]。
Development promotion
The 500 meter aperture spherical radio telescope settled in Guizhou, seeking major development opportunities for Guiyang to fully support the construction of national super large scientific devices, accelerating the improvement of Guiyang's scientific and economic level, and opening up new channels.It is of great significance to the upgrading of Guiyang's equipment manufacturing industry and aluminum industry structure.1、 Accelerate to improve the innovation capability of aluminum industry and equipment manufacturing industry.2、 Accelerate the growth of local high-tech aluminum material enterprises and the formation of high-performance high-tech aluminum industry chain.3、 Promote the technological progress and upgrading of Guiyang's electromechanical industry and the three major military enterprises[25]。
The 500m aperture spherical radio telescope was built in Guizhou, making the remote and blocked karst mountain area in southern Guizhou become an international astronomical academic center of world attention and a new window to show Guizhou to the world.It will have an immeasurable impact on the economic development and social prosperity of the poor mountainous areas in southwest China, and contribute to the national western development strategy.The Astronomical Science Popularization Base with FAST as the main body will promote science popularization in western China and even the whole country, educate young people, publicize the public and decision makers, and serve the long-term strategic goal of revitalizing the country through science and education[25]。
The construction of the 500m spherical radio telescope project will enable Guizhou Province to develop into a world-class astronomical exchange center, a world astronomical research center and one of the astronomical science and technology tourism destinations in a relatively short time.FAST is not only of great significance in promoting the development of world astronomy, but also plays an important role in promoting the development of Guizhou's education, science and technology, tourism, science popularization and big data industry[10]。
