4K resolution belongs to ultra-high definition resolution.At this resolution, the audience will be able to see every detail and close-up of the picture.If the cinema adopts 4096 × 2160 resolution, no matter where it is, the audience can clearly see every detail of the picture.
4K resolution refers to each line in the horizontal directionPixel valueUp to or close to 4096, regardless of the frame ratio.Depending on the range of use, there are various derived resolutions for 4K resolution, such as 4096 × 3112 for Full Aperture 4K, 3656 × 2664 for Academy 4K, and 3840 × 2160 for UHDTV standard.
Chinese name
4K resolution
Foreign name
4K resolution
Full name
4K pixel resolution
Category
Ultra HD resolution
Advantages
Can see every detail in the picture
Interpretation
The pixel value of each line in the horizontal direction reaches or approaches 4096, regardless of the frame ratio
4K, with the resolution standard of a new generation of Hollywood blockbusters.It is different from the so-called high-definition TV (1920 × 1080 resolution) we watch at home, and also different from the traditional digital cinema2K resolutionA large screen (2048 × 1080 resolution), but a super fine picture with 4096 × 2160 resolution.The traditional high-definition TV is a picture of 2.07 million pixels, while the picture seen in the traditional digital cinema is 2.21 million pixels. In the 4096 × 2160 resolution cinema, the high-definition picture of 8.85 million pixels can be seen.
staydigital technique Domain, usually usingBinaryOperation, and the size of the digital image is described by the pixels constituting the image.Because the number of pixels constituting a digital image is huge, it is usually represented by K.The 10th power of 2 is 1024, so 1K=2 ^ 10=1024, 2K=2 ^ 11=2048, 4K=2 ^ 12=4096.
The method to define the number of Ks of a video is: the number of horizontal pixels is 1024.When the resolution is 2048 × 1080, 2048 represents the number of pixels in the horizontal direction and 1080 represents the number of pixels in the vertical direction;Similarly, when the resolution is 4096 × 2160, 4096 represents the number of pixels in the horizontal direction and 2160 represents the number of pixels in the vertical direction.In the actual digital master production and digital projection, the number of pixels in the horizontal or vertical direction of the image needs to be adjusted according to different frame width height ratios.Therefore, the resolution of 8847360 pixels of an image close to 4K can also be called 4K. For example, the 3840 × 2160 common in the market can also be called 4K resolution.The standard 4K resolution is exactly 4 times the number of 2048 × 1080 pixels in 2K resolution, and 16 times the number of 1024 × 540 pixels in 1K resolution.
Applied standards
Announce
edit
"Definition" is not equal to "standard". A standard can only be applied to a certain range. There is no universal 4K resolution standard in any field in the world, but the absence of a standard does not mean that the standard cannot be followed. For example, most computer monitors follow the TV standard, but some monitors do not follow the TV standard.
4096 × 2160 is advocated by the "Digital Cinema Innovation (DCI)" organization, and its members include Disney, Twentieth Century Fox, MGM, Sony Entertainment, Universal, Warner Brothers, etc.
The DCSS (Digital Cinema System Specification) clearly stipulates that the digital movie distribution master (DCDM) should use a hierarchical image structure, that is, it supports both 2K/4K image formats, and 2K/4K digital movie data packet (DCP) can be decoded and played on 2K/4K cinema playback server and 2K/4K digital projector.
Display frequency
Announce
edit
The 4096 × 2160 resolution can provide more than 8.8 million pixels, achieving movie quality, which is more than four times the current top 1080p resolution.Of course, the price of ultra-high definition is not cheap. The amount of data in each frame has reached 50MB. Therefore, whether decoding, playing or editing, you need a machine with top-level configuration.
1920 × 1080 resolution can display 2073600 effective pixels, Quad Full HD can display 8294400 (3840 × 2160) effective pixels, 4096 × 2160 resolution can provide nearly 10 million pixels of display quality, and display fineness is more than 4 times of 1080p.4K Resolution is an emerging resolution standard for digital movies and digital content. The name of 4K derives from its horizontal resolution of about 4000 pixels. Common 4K resolutions in the film industry include Full Aperture 4K (4096 × 3112), Academy 4K (3656 × 2664) and other standards.
In most cases, 4K UHD digital movie refers to a digital movie with a resolution of 4096 × 2160, that is, 4000 pixels horizontally.Most domestic digital movies are 2K, with a resolution of 2048 × 1080. Some digital movies are 1.3K (1280 × 1024), while the so-called rural movies are 0.8K (1024 × 768).In the true sense, 4K movies are shot by 4K cameras and projected by 4K projectors.Other 4K films are shot on 35mm film and converted to 4K digital format.Since the resolution of film film is roughly equal to or slightly better than 4K, the clarity of film can also be ensured after transcription.For mainstream household appliance manufacturers, they prefer to manufacture Quad Full HD (3840 × 2160) devices, because the display ratio of this resolution standard is 16:9, which is close to the viewing ratio currently accepted by consumers.
development history
Announce
edit
In the 1990s, the "Digital Image Hierarchy" task force of the American Society of Film and Television Engineers studied the spatial resolution requirements of the imaging system. From the perspective of resolution, the team divided the display into four levels: low resolution (lower than 0.8K), conventional resolution (lower than 2K), high resolution (2K), and ultra-high resolution (4K or higher).The team proposed the design concept of spatial resolution hierarchy based on the following basic concepts:
——I level integer progression based on common digital processing and storage architecture;
——Support various aspect ratios and spatial resolutions based on image tile;
——It is possible to build a display based on any application requirements by using a patch with appropriate resolution. By using a patch and only four resolution levels, it is possible to build a new display for any purpose, and this display can also be used to display images from any other level.
DCI requires that the resolution of digital cinema projection system is 4K or 2K, which belongs to the level of ultra-high resolution or high resolution.
Constraints
Announce
edit
Development bottleneck
In fact, both projection and high-end large size televisions have met the display effect of 4K resolution movies.In terms of film materials, 35mm film is generally used as shooting materials at present, and this requirement has been met in theory (it is actually difficult to choose 70mm film), but there are still too many factors that limit the popularity of 4K films.
Playback device
Not only the players in the current home, but also the projection equipment in many cinemas mostly stay at the level of 2K resolution.Most 4K resolution playback devices are expensive, which is the most important reason.
Resolution standard
According to the general definition of 4K resolution, 4K resolution refers to the horizontal direction where each row of pixel values reaches or approaches 4096, although they are all called 4K resolution. Therefore, Full Aperture 4K (4096 × 3112), Academy 4K (3656 × 2664) and other standards make it difficult for manufacturers to achieve uniformity in their products, which also hinders the popularity of 4K.
Insufficient film source
At present, we still commonly use 35mm film to shoot negative film stock, but its definition is 4K. By the time the film print is released, 1K digital HD can theoretically reach 2K definition, which should not meet the 4K projection requirements. The only solution is to use 70mm film to shoot,However, this needs to wait for the overall progress of the film industry.
Blu ray disc carrier
At present, the popular Blu ray discs have basically reached the storage limit of 1920 × 1080 films. The size of 4K films will reach four times the 1080p of the same aspect ratio, which will bring new challenges to the film distribution media. However, the current Blu ray discs supporting higher and larger storage have been successfully developed, and it is just around the corner of the market.
Development status
Announce
edit
At present, most of the popular movies in digital theaters come from Hollywood, so Hollywood has an absolute say in film shooting and broadcast standards.Technically speaking, the resolution of the highest level 4K movie is 4096 × 2160, with a total of more than 8 million pixels;The popular domestic digital movie projector is 2K, with a resolution of 2048 × 1080;Of course, some villages and towns and mobile projection vehicles use 1.3K projectors with a resolution of 1280 × 1080.Among them, the 2K screen is very close to the full HD FULL HD standard 1920 × 1080 of the current high-definition TV, but it is more inclined to the film screen ratio in aspect ratio.In order to meet the theater playing environment, the digital movie files released by the current blockbusters are 2K and 4K compatible (do not use blue light as an analogy, the size of these digital movie file packages is hundreds of gigabytes, and the image quality is far more exquisite than blue light). About 1/3 of the digital movies released by Hollywood are 4K resolution. If you use 2K level projectors to show them,Then the audience can only see 2048 × 1080 resolution content, which is four times more than the original 4K resolution of the large piece.
According to the statistics of China's color TV market at this stage, there are about 9 brands of 4K UHD TVs, including Samsung, TCL, LG, Changhong, Skyworth, Konka, Sony, Haier and Hisense. There are more than 15 series of products. Nearly 100 4K UHD TVs have been sold in the market, and the product size covers 39 inches to 84 inches.[1]
In January 2022, according to the official website of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, six departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Central Propaganda Department, jointly issued the Guidelines for the Implementation of the "One Hundred Cities and One Thousand Screens" Campaign (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines") recently, which requires the construction or transformation of domestic large screens into 4K and 8K UHD large screens to enrich the UHD video and audio service scenarios,Accelerate the integration, innovation and development of UHD video and audio in various aspects, and promote the birth of new technologies, new formats and new models.[2]
Specific application
Announce
edit
Signal retransmission
2014 Brazil World CupFor the first time, the 4K UHD signal transmission will be realized in three important events of the Olympic Games, including the final on July 13.It is reported that the definition of the latest 4K technology can reach 4 times of the existing 1080p high-definition resolution, which can be said to be very subtle, so it will bring fans a more realistic viewing experience.
However, if users want to watch 4K programs, they need to prepare one4K TVHowever, such products are generally expensive and far from universal.Therefore, FIFA hopes to set up large screens in public areas such as the city square to play 4K match videos.However, please note that 4K rebroadcast pictures will only be included in China and will not be broadcast externally.Even fans with 4K TV at home cannot see the live broadcast of 4K games.
monitor
After LCD TV, high-end displays are gradually equipped with 4K resolution ultra clear screens to achieve more detailed display effects.However, the application of 4K resolution on the 16:9 screen with 28 inches or so seems wasteful, so some manufacturers are also using other forms to make 4K more valuable. Ultra wide ratio seems to be a solution.
Ultra wide display usually adopts the display scale of 21:9The screen is wider and can better display multiple desktop windows. Previously, manufacturers including LG launched 2K products.
