3C 273Is located inVirgoOne ofa quasar。It is the brightest quasar in the visible light bandApparent magnitudeIt is about 12.9, which is one of the quasars closest to the earth,red shiftzOnly 0.158.itsPhotometric distance, DL=2.44 billion light years (749Mpc）Is viazValue converted.It is also one of the brightest quasars,Absolute magnitude- 26.3, etc.By focusing on its broad radiatingReverberation mappingAccording to inversion mapping, its mass is 886 ± 187 million times that of the sun.
3C 273 is the brightest in the skya quasarIt is also the second quasar discovered.People discovered this as early as 1963Radio sourceIt is used by the Australian astronomer Cyril HazardmoonThe method of concealment is accurate.
Large-scale jet
This quasar has a large scale jet, and the measured length is 200000 light years (~62000 seconds), and the apparent size is 23 ″.Astronomers used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe the jet in 1995morphologyThe upper structure is interwoven by repeated bright knots and weak radiation areas.Until 1963, the discovery of 3C273 quasar triggered a lot of theoretical research on black holes and observation attempts to detect them.3C273 quasar is the first discovered quasar wireless power supply, which generates a large amount of power in a small area.[1]
scientific research
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The origin of 3C 273 name isUniversity of CambridgeList of radio wave sources published in 1959 (according toRight ascensionSorted3C catalog）The 273rd celestial body in.Parks Radio ObservatoryUsed by Cyril Hazeld ofLunar occultationAfter the precise measurement of the position, the radio source will quickly connect with theOptical counterpartTogether, an unexplained "stellar body".Martin Schmidt And Bev Oke published 3C 273 in the journal Nature in 1963red shift, its distance is severalBillion light yearsFar away.
Before astronomers discovered 3C 273, some radio sources had optical counterparts. The first one was3C 48。manyActive galaxyAre mistaken forVariable star, including famousBL Lacertae objects ，BackseatW andBeagleAU。However, astronomers still do not know what kind of objects they are, because their spectra are different from those of any known star.3C 273 is the first confirmed quasar - an extremely bright object at cosmological distance.
3C 273 is a radio noisy quasar and the first extragalactic galaxy discovered in 1970X-raySource.However, the determination of the X-ray emission process is still controversial.3C 273 in allwavelength, fromradio wavesreachGamma rayOfluminosityAre changing, and the time varies from a few days to decades.The radio wave, infrared ray and visible light emitted from the large-scale jet have consistent directionalitypolarizationObserved;Therefore, the radiation is almost from nature in essencesynchrotronRadiation created by a charge moving at a relativistic speed in a jet.Such jet should be centeredblack holeandAccretion diskCreated by the interaction of.useVLBIObservation of 3C 273 has revealed some radio wave radiation areasvoluntarilyIt is further suggested that there is relativistic matter in the jet.southern hemisphereandNorthern Hemisphere3C 273 can be seen in May,Amateur astronomyuseLarge telescopeIt can also be seen.
Ranging method
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In 2020, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that the scientific research team led by researcher Wang Jianmin had developed a new geometric ranging method. Through simulation and comprehensive analysis of GRAVITY interference data, as well as the 10-year response mapping data of the Lijiang 2.4m telescope and the US Steward Observatory Bok 2.3m telescope,The cosmic distance of a quasar named 3C 273 has been successfully measured.The 3C 273 quasar is about 2 billion light years away from the earth, realizing the direct measurement of the quasar's distance, providing a new method to solve the "Hubble constant crisis", and will also provide help in the future in accurately measuring the cosmic geometry, studying the expansion speed and history of the universe.[2]
