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1931, Gregorian calendarPeacetime, 365 days and 53 weeks in total.There are 354 days in Xinwei Year (Year of the Goat) of the lunar calendar without leap month.
January 7 - The Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai, and the meeting was manipulated by Miff, the head of the Oriental Department of the Communist International.
January 10 - The Red Army established a radio team.
January 17 - left-wing writersRoushi、Hu Yipin、Yin FuWere secretly arrested and killed by Kuomintang agents.
January 27 - Luo Zhanglong and others were expelled from the Party for illegally establishing "the Second Central Committee", "the Second Provincial Committee", "the Second District Committee", "the Second Trade Union Party League" and other organizations after the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to carry out activities to split the Party.[1]
February
February 10——Wang MingThe pamphlet "Two Routes" (later renamed "Struggle for the Communist Party of China to become more Bolshevik") was officially published.In March of the next year, Wang Ming repaired it in Moscow and republished it, which was widely distributed.This pamphlet is actually the general political program of "Left" adventurism represented by Wang Ming.
February 27——Mao ZedongAccording to the No. 9 Circular of the Central Bureau of the CPC Soviet Area on February 8Land Issues and Anti rich Farmer StrategiesIn the spirit ofRevolutionary Military Commission of the Central CommitteeIn the name of the director of the General Political Department, he wrote a letter to the Soviet Government of Jiangxi Province to determine the farmers' ownership of land after the land reform, and pointed out that the provision "is a process that should be followed in the era of civil rights revolution, and communism can not be done in a day". Only by implementingbourgeois-democratic revolutionThe policies necessary for the stage "are really a good way to move towards communism".[1]
February 28 - Chiang Kai shek imprisons Hu Hanmin, an elder of the Kuomintang and president of the Legislative Yuan.
March
March 1——Chinese Language AssociationEstablished in Shanghai.
In late March, more than 100000 Kuomintang troops adopted the policy of "pursuing and blocking at the same time"Hubei Henan Anhui Revolutionary BaseCarry out the second large-scale "encirclement and suppression" campaign.By the end of May, the Red Army had adopted a flexible and mobile strategy of evading the real and defeating the weak, and attacking each other individuallyDushan、Huwan, Peach Blossom and other battles wiped out more than 5000 people of the enemy, successfully crushing the enemy's "encirclement and suppression".[1]
March -Wang MingThe CPC Central Committee represented by "Left" adventurism sent Xia Xi toHonghu Lake；senda dose associate of Mao ZedongWang JiaxiangGu ZuolinForm a central delegation to the Central Soviet Area;sendZhang Guotao、Shen Zemin、Chen ChanghaoTo Hubei, Henan and Anhui;sendZeng HongyireachNortheast Jiangxi, etc.To carry out the so-called "anti rightist" struggle, "transform the leadership of each group of the Party", and further promote the "leftist" adventurism.In late March, the Central Branch in Western Hunan and Hubei was established, with Xia Xi as the secretary.On May 12, the Central Bureau of Hubei, Henan and Anhui was established, and Zhang Guotao served as the secretary and chairman of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Military CommissionParty, government and armyLeadership.[1]
May 1 - Kuomintang anti Chiang clique gathered in Guangzhou, and established anti Chiang clique on May 27National Government。
May 1 - The Empire State Building is a famous skyscraper located in New York City, the United States. It has 102 floors and was designed by Shreeve, Lamb, and Harmon Construction Company. It was started in 1930 and completed on May 1, 1931.
May 12——Zhang GuotaoPreside over the Central Bureau of Hubei Henan Anhui.
May 20 - Main founders of the Red Army and the base area in western Hunan and HubeiZhou YiqunWas ambushed and sacrificed.
May 28 - Kuomintang Communist War - Huang'an Battle begins.
May 31 - The Red Army won its second victory against "encirclement and suppression".
May - Minsheng 75 truck, the first domestic vehicle, came out.
June 6 - Shanghai educators celebrated the "June 6" Teacher's Day for the first time.
Mid June -- one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of ChinaCai HesenWas murdered in Guangzhou.
June 16——CPC Central CommitteeInstructions issued to Party headquarters at all levels and the Red Army.
June 21 - Xiang Zhongfa, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, was arrested in Shanghai, and shot three days later. Chen Shaoyu (Wang Ming) succeeded him.
July 1 - Chiang Kai shek, as commander in chief, led 23 divisions and 3 brigades, totaling 300000 people, to launch the third "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Central Soviet Area.(Crushed in early September)
July 3 - Anti Chinese incidents occurred in North Korea.
September - Chen Shaoyu (Wang Ming) went to the Soviet Union to be the head of the Communist Party's delegation to the Third International, and Qin Bangxian (Bogu) succeeded Chen Shaoyu as the actual top leader of the Communist Party of China.
Early September - The Red Army smashed the third "encirclement and suppression" campaign of the Kuomintang army.
September 8 - Mr. Hong 11Zeng Shi'eHe died in battle at the age of 27.
September 15 - Huang Gonglue, commander of the Third Red Army, died in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province.
September 18 - The Japanese Guandong Army created the "wicker lake incident"“September 18th Incident”Outbreak (because the Japanese Guandong Army blew up a section of the Liutiao Lake track of the South Manchuria Railway on the evening of the same day, and it blew up by itself, so as to slander the Chinese army for sabotage, by which it suddenly attacked Beidaying and Shenyang, where the Northeast Army was stationed, opening the prelude to the Japanese war of aggression against China.).MarkCounter-Japanese WarThe official start.
September 19 - Japanese troops occupied Shenyang.(Due to the forced retreat of Qin Ling, the Chinese garrison stationed in the Beijing Camp, nearly 300 soldiers were injured and killed. As a result, the official financial loss of Shenyang alone reached 1.7 billion yuan.)
September 24 - Shenyang Siku Quanshu was robbed by the Japanese.
September——Wang Ruofei(alias Huang Jingzhai) returned from the Soviet Union to form the CPC Northwest Special Committee.
October
October 1 - The Shanghai business industry swore not to buy or sell Japanese goods.
October 9 - The Kuomintang General Command instructs military officials not to join anti Japanese groups.
November
November 1 - The first party congress of the Central Soviet Area was held inRuijinHeld.
November 4——Ma ZhanshanThe Ministry fought fiercely with the Japanese army, and the capital of Heilongjiang Province fell.
November 4 - Gandhi's visitBuckingham Palace, paid a visit to the King of England.
November 7——Soviet Republic of ChinaEstablishment.(After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, with the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, the Soviet Republic of China officially disappeared)
Soviet Republic of China
November 10 - former Qing Dynasty emperorPu YiWas lured to Dalian by the Japanese.(Manchukuo was established)
November 19 - Chinese poet Xu Zhimo was killed in the air crash.
November 21 - Wang Ruofei, Secretary of the CPC Northwest Special Committee, was arrested in Baotou.
November 29 - Deng Yanda, Director General of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang Interim Action Committee, was secretly killed by the Kuomintang.
December 14——Ningdu Uprising。On December 14, 1931, Zhao BoshengDong ZhentangThe Ningdu Uprising led by other comrades broke out and achieved success.There were more than 17000 insurgents.The Central Military Commission attached great importance to this effective force and decided to establish the 5th Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.The next three armies are 13, 14 and 15.The commander in chief of the regiment isJi Zhentong, the Deputy Commander in Chief is Dong Zhentang, and the Political Commissar isXiao JinguangDirector of the Political DepartmentLiu Bojian。The commander of the 13th Army is Dong Zhentang (concurrently), and the political commissar isHe Changgong；The commander of the 14th Army is Zhao Bosheng, and the political commissar is Huang Huoqing;The military commander is Huang Zhongyue, and the political commissar is the leftist.
December 15 - The Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee decided to step down for the second time.
December 15 - Nanjing Kuomintang military police suppress petitioners.
Late December——Huang XianshengEstablish the "Liaoning Anti Japanese Volunteer Army".
January 20——Ariyoshi Sawako , a Japanese novelist.(died in 1984)[30]
January 22——Holy Master, founder of Fagu Mountain, and a religious expert.(died in 2009)
January 22——Shan Bingzi, Professor of Southeast University, National Education System Model Worker, People's Teacher Medal Winner, Deputy Leader of the Teaching Guidance Group for Structural Mechanics Course of the Ministry of Education.(died in 2021)[26]
January 28——Sakyo Komatsu , a Japanese science fiction novelist.(died in 2011)[39]
April 22——Luo ShengjiaoThe Chinese people's volunteer army is an example of loving the people.(Sacrificed in 1952)[21]
May——Cheng Lianchang, former Vice Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, former Vice President of the National School of Administration.(died in 2019)[2]
May——Zheng Shouyi, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, marine protozoologist.[49]
June 23——Ola Ullsten , Prime Minister of Sweden.(died in 2018)
July 4——Wang Duanqing，Former Dean of East China Metallurgy Institute.(died in 2020)
July 6——Chang Yinfo, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and a famous mineral deposit geologist in China.(died in 2024)[54]
July 10——Alice Monroe, a Canadian short story writer and winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize for Literature.(died in 2024)[55]
July 10——Zhang ZhongmouHe is now the chairman of TSMC, and is known as "chip king" and "semiconductor godfather" of Taiwan.
July 17——Yoshizaki Shin, Japanese post-modernism architect.(died in 2022)[38]
July 28——He Yousheng, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.(died in 2018)[3]
August 9——Yang Shie, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, expert in underwater acoustic engineering.(died in 2024)[46-47][53]
September——Wang Dingzhang, Senior Engineer, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University.(died in 2023)[41]
September 20——He Nanding, a Chinese novelist.(died in 2016)
August 4——Cai Hesen, an early leader of the Communist Party of China, a revolutionary martyr, and a political commentator.
August 5——Jiang Weishui, Taiwan's democracy and culture pioneer, anti Japanese patriot[8]。
August 9——Yang Xianjiang, a famous educator and Marxist educational theorist.
August 25——Yang Pao'an, proletarian revolutionist and litterateur.
August 31——Jiang Guangci, proletarian writer, revolutionist.
September 15 - Huang Gonglue, a Red Army general, strategist and one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China[9]
September 17——Yang Du, a famous politician and calligrapher.[10]
October 18 - Thomas Edison, American inventor and entrepreneur.[11]
Unknown October - Huang Gang, political member of the 29th Regiment of the 10th Division and head of the 32nd Regiment of the 11th Division of the Red Army in Hubei, Henan and Anhui, led his troops to participate in the second anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign[12]。
November 13 - Ren Guozhen, revolutionary martyr[13]。
November 19——poet and essayist, died in a plane crash, poet, prose writer[14]。
November 22——Zhu Zumou, a litterateur, one of the four great poets in the late Qing Dynasty.
November 29——Deng Yanda, founder of the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party.
November unknown——Xu Jishen, Commander and former member of the 1st Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[9]。
December 5——Song Yuren, an early bourgeois reformist thinker in China.
December 26——He Zonglian, Beiyang general, philanthropist.
Academy Awards
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brief introduction
1931
Academy AwardsAcademy AwardAmerican Academy of Film Arts and Sciences(Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences).It was established in 1928 and is held once a year in Hollywood, USA.It has enjoyed a high reputation for more than half a century.It not only reflects the development process of American film art, but also has a noticeable impact on film art in many countries around the world.
