Longhu Mountain is located in Jiangxi ProvinceYingtan20 kilometers southwest of the city.In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Zhengyi PathThe founder Zhang Daoling once made pills here. It is said that "when the pills were made, the dragon and tiger appeared", and the mountain got its name.Tianmen Mountain is the highest with an altitude of 1300 meters.Longhu Mountain is the eighth place in ChinaWorld Natural Heritage[1]，World GeoparkNational Natural and Cultural Heritage Site[2]、National AAAAA Tourist Attraction、National key cultural relics protection units。
Longhu Mountain is typical of ChinaDanxia landformScenery, the birthplace of Chinese Taoism, joined in 2007World GeoparkNetwork.The Danxia landform of Longhu Mountain is two Danxia mountains developed in the southern margin of the middle section of the Xinjiang Basin in southeast China, which are composed of massive red glutenites of the flood alluvial fan at the foot of the continental mountains of the Late Cretaceous.[3]
According to Taoist classics, Zhang Sheng, the fourth generation grandson of Zhang Ling, had settled down in Longhu Mountain during the Three Kingdoms or the Western Jin Dynasty. Since thentitle of the head priest of the Daoist sectDescendants have lived in Longhu Mountain for generations, and they have inherited 63 generations and gone through more than 1900 years.
Longhu Mountain and Guifeng Mountain contain important morphological types of Danxia individual and group in the subtropical humid area of China. The diversity of morphological types creates the unique combination of Danxia peak forest landform and pictographic Danxia landscape.Danxia single landform in Longhu Mountain and Guifeng area covers almost all kinds of subtropical humid areas.Longhu Mountain and Guifeng MountainDanxiaThe peak clusters of flat top and round top with erosion remnants were the morphological types of the population;The nearshore zone of Luxi River and Guifeng are marked by the peak forest Danxia landform, which is the model of wide valley evacuation Danxia peak forest landform.[6]
Geomorphologic origin
According to the main geological processes in the formation of Danxia geomorphic landscape, the geomorphic causes can be roughly divided into five types: rain erosion type, flowing water (river) erosion type, collapse residual type, collapse accumulation type and karst cave type.[7]
hydrographic features
rivers
Morphological types and typomorphic examples of Danxia monomer in Longhu Mountain
Located in the northern periphery of Longhu Mountain, Xinjiang River flows through Yingtan urban area from east to west and turns to northwest in the urban area, passing through Yujiang County and Yugan County before flowing intoPoyang Lake。The average gradient of Xinjiang River is 0.44 ‰, the average annual runoff is 372.1 billion cubic meters, the water surface is 250~600 meters wide, and it can be navigable for 15~30 tons of motor sailboats all year round.
Shangqing River（Luxi）A skeleton water flow in the Longhu Mountain Scenic Area, about 43 kilometers long, flows through the whole area from southeast to northwest, with an average annual flow rate of 29 meters per second and a flow rate of 2075 cubic meters per second.Its downstream is called Baita River in Yujiang County and flows into Xinjiang River;Its upstream source isZixi CountyGaofu Mountain is called Luxi.
lake
At the north end of the lake and reservoir scenic area, there are two large reservoir lakes, Honghu Reservoir andWuhu Reservoir, commonly referred to as Hongwu Lake, the reservoir capacity is 13.26 million cubic meters and 22.4 million cubic meters respectively, and the maximum water surface can reach 4000 mu and 7110 mu respectively.
There are 21 small reservoirs in total, including 3 small ones, namely Qiaotouling, Yuanli and Lishan Reservoir Journal of Shangqing Town in Longhushan Town.There are 18 large towns, including Emei Peak, Hejiaba, Yangjing Mountain, Wangling, Shititang, Lixingtang, Heyi Temple, Wuguitang, Dongtang, Maweiwo, Hongqiao, Zhongguyan, Siyuan, and 13 Shangqing towns, including Xiaoliyuan, Tongqianling, Qingtang, Raozhong, and Wusi.
Ying Tianshan (outside the scenic spot)Pengwan TownshipBaimiao Reservoir is a medium-sized reservoir with a small power station.[8]
Tianmen MountainFirst of all, there are three cascade sister waterfalls. Each cascade has a drop of about 4 meters and a width of 4 meters, which are Ziyan Waterfall, Ziyun Waterfall and Ziying Waterfall respectively;Go into the valley and you will see the Qingyun Waterfall.Yipojing Shengjing Mountain Yangyuankeng Shijian spring water rushes down, forming a waterfall more than 20 meters high.In addition, there are Yuntai Mountain Waterfall, Emei Peak Waterfall, Xianglu Peak Waterfall, Fugu Castle Waterfall, etc.
groundwater
Longhu Mountain is rich in groundwater resources, especially in mountainous areas where vegetation is developed, bedrock fissures have good water yield, the terrain is deeply cut, and groundwater circulation conditions are good. Groundwater flows into streams and valleys not far along the hillside.From mountain areas to river valleys, the mineralization of underground water is significantly improved, which is medium to slightly acidic, soft to slightly hard, with a mineralization of 0.02g/L~0.704g/L, a total hardness of 0.22~1.084, a pH value of 5.5~8.0, and colorless, tasteless, odorless, transparent, with few suspended solids. The water temperature is usually between 17 ℃ and 20 ℃.[9]
Longhu Mountain belongs to the warm and humid monsoon climate zone in the middle subtropical zone. It is characterized by four distinct seasons, mild climate (annual average temperature 17.9 ℃), sufficient sunshine, abundant rainfall and long frost free period.[8]
The four seasons are roughly divided into 67 days, from mid to late March when the daily average temperature is stable between 10 ℃ to late May;The summer lasts from the day when the average daily temperature in late May reaches 22 ℃ to late September, about 122 days;It lasts about 62 days from the day when the daily average temperature is stable below 22 ℃ in late September to the autumn in late November;From the day when the daily average temperature in late November is stable below 10 ℃ to the middle and late March of the next year, it is winter, about 114 days.The starting and ending dates and length of the four seasons change with the altitude, so this areaSouthern mountainous areaThere is a certain difference from the temperature in the northern hilly and plain areas. For every 100 m increase in altitude to the south, the start date of spring and summer is relatively postponed by 2 to 4 days, and the start date of autumn and winter is 2 days earlier. Among them, the number of days in summer decreases by 64 days, the number of days in winter increases by 42 days, and the number of days in spring increases by 22 days. The number of days in autumn does not change much. The mountain area has a special microclimate environment, and the altitude increases by every 100 m,The temperature drops by 0.5 ℃~0.6 ℃.[9]
Evolutionary history
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tectonic setting
Sketch map of geological structure of Xinjiang Basin
Longhu Mountain is located inEurasiaThe combination zone of the Yangtze paleoplate and the Cathaysian paleoplate in the southeast belongs to the Western Pacific tectonic domain, South China tectonic regionmesozoicSouth margin of the middle section of the Xinjiang fault basin.sufferCaledonian movementInfluence, basement structure, caprock and even middleCenozoic eraBasins all follow the general direction of nearly east-west, and control the type and scale of basin development in different periods.[10]
Developmental pattern
Landform development model of Danxia Peak Forest in Longhu Mountain Geopark
(1) In the early stage, due to the rapid rise of the crust, the water flow (rain water, flowing water) continuously erodes and cuts down along the previously formed fractures and vertical joints, forming narrow deep ditches and“Thin strip of sky”A barrier of style.
(2) In the prime period, the cliff wall of the alley valley began to slowly peel off rock debris and the valley slope retreated, forming red bed intensive peak forest near the river valley, and Danxia peak cluster, residual Fangshan Shizhai and other prime Danxia landforms developed in the far river valley.
(3) In the old age stage, the mountains shrink, forming the old age Danxia landform characterized by valley plains, isolated peaks and residual rocks, low and gentle valley slopes, small rounded residual hills, and peneplain.[10]
geological structure
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Regional strata
In the deep crust of Longhushan, there is also a huge stable east-west deep fault zone (Pingxiang Guangfeng deep fault zone), and the overlying fault basin is formed by the long-term inherited activities of this ancient fault zone, from the original depression basin to the later fault basin, and finally tends to be stable.There is a secondary tectonic unit "Wuyi uplift" in the north of Nanhua plate, and the Longhu Mountain area is on the northern edge of Wuyi uplift.[3]
Fault structure
Fault zone
Dexing Dongxiang deep fault
Yingtan Anyuan deep fault
Yongxiu Yingtan Fault
Stratum and magmatic rock
Stratum The exposed strata in this area are mainly composed of three major parts, one is the middle and deep metamorphic rock series of the Middle and Late Proterozoic, the other is the early Jurassic carbonaceous clastic rock formation and the late Jurassic continental volcanic rock, and the third is the Cretaceous red clastic rock series.In addition, there are some Quaternary deposits along river valley terraces and river lake plains.[10]
Developmental conditions
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Formation lithology
Red blockySandy conglomerateIt is the material basis for the formation of Danxia landform, with unusual specificity.
Danxia landscape controlled by grid fault and joint structure cutting
Hekou Formation: It is a set of piedmont flood alluvial fan coarse clastic rock formation, mainly composed of purplish red massive conglomerate and sandy conglomerate, mixed with gravel coarse sandstone, gravel fine siltstone, and cemented with iron and (or) calcium.
Tangbian Formation: It is mainly a set of fine clastic rock formation deposited by eolian sand dunes. The lithology is mainly purplish red blocky fine sandstone, mixed with a small amount of pebbly fine sandstone and thin siltstoneweatheringIt forms low and gentle hills, with low cliffs and red cliffs and caves or cave groups of different sizes developed locally, such as the southern karst cave group in the Guifeng area.[10]
Flat stratumOccurrenceAnd fractureVertical joint(fissure) structure pairDanxia landformMorphology plays a controlling role.The formation occurrence strictly controls the shape of the top surface and structural slope of Danxia Mountain block.
Neotectonic movementIn the recent period of Danxia landform development (since Neogene), the crust is characterized by differential and intermittent uplift, and each uplift will form a plane with roughly the same terrain height.[10]
External force condition
The erosion of water flow (rain, river) and the participation of water flow cause weathering, dissolution and gravity collapse, which are the external forces for the formation of Danxia landform.In Longhu Mountain and Guifeng Mountain areas, the erosion of water flow, the undercutting of deep valleys, seasonal and sudden rainfall and rainwater, and the participation of water (rivers) have intensified the generation of weathering, dissolution and collapse.[8]
There are two reasons for the name of Longhu Mountain《Guangxin Official Records - Mountains and Rivers》Call itXiangshan MountainsOne branch, which runs for tens of miles in the west of Li Tai, turns south and is divided into two branches. It looks like a dragon and a tiger, so it is named;《Dragon and Tiger Mountain Annals》Zaiyun said: "The mountain was originally named Yunjin Mountain, where the first generation of heavenly masters refined the Nine Heavenly God Pill. When the pill was completed, the dragon and tiger saw it, and it was named after the mountain." In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Daoling and his disciples went to Longhu Mountain to practice the Nine Heavenly God Pill.It is said that the pill was made in three years, and there were green dragons and white tigers around the pill tripod.At Longhu Mountain, there are still sites such as Dan Refining Rock, Zhuoding Pool, and other magic books such as "Life Making Five Mountains", "Calling All Souls" and "Divine Tiger Mystery" were found in Bilu Cave.Zhang Daoling has been in Longhu Mountain for more than 30 years. He has been engaged in many activities, such as refining pills, creating Taoism, writing Taoism books, recruiting disciples, and treating people with runes. There are more than 1000 scholars in all directions.
Longhu Mountain is famous for its beautiful landscapes and Taoist Tianshi SectZutingImpact of location, andZuohe RiverAs the poem goes, "The blue water and red clouds stand on the tiger and dragon,blessed spotYin Xianting.The Taoist Mausoleum, even though the gods are far away, still frightens the demons to show off their ferocity. "People often think of Taoism“Daodu”It is called Dragon and Tiger Mountain.
Dragon and Tiger MountainTaoismSeventy twoBlessed LandOne, in Yingtan Guixi County (today'sGuixi ）, led by the immortal Zhang Jujun.Longhu Mountain is the "Ancestral Court" of Taoism,Zhang DaolingSince the fourth generation of Tianshi in the late Han DynastyZhang ShengAt the beginning, the ancient heavenly masters lived here, guarded the Dragon and Tiger Mountain, searched for immortals, and sat downShangqing PalaceActing, teaching and distributingWilsonii houseCultivate one's moral integrity and cultivate one's character. They have inherited the tradition for 63 generations. Yi Shiyan has kept it for more than 1800 years. All of them have been worshipped and canonized by the feudal dynasties of past dynasties. They are of the highest rank and rank among the most senior officialsChinese Cultural HistoryIt inherits the two hereditary families of "Nanzhang and Beikong (Confucius)".ShangqinggongheSihan Tianshi MansionIt has received countless silver gifts from dynasties and carried out countless expansion and maintenance. The building area, scale, layout, quantity and specification of the palace are the highest in the history of Taoist architecture.At the peak of Longhu Mountain, there were more than 80 Taoist temples, 36 Taoist temples and several Taoist palaces, which were worthy of the name“Daodu”Is the world kingdom of Taoists.
When Taoism flourished in the Longhu Mountain area, there were tenTaoist temple, 81Taoist TempleThere are fifty Taoist temples and ten Taoist nunneries, which can be seen in their prosperity.However, since the Han Dynasty, many palaces have been destroyed, and onlyWilsonii house。
Taoist history
Since the fourth generation of Tianshi Zhang Shengshi at the end of the Han Dynasty, all the Tianshi of Zhengyi Taoism have lived here for more than 1900 years.They were worshipped and canonized by the feudal dynasties for many times, and the highest official was the first rank. They were extremely ministers, forming one of the two great aristocratic families in the history of Chinese culture, "Nanzhang Beikong (Confucius)".When Taoism flourished in the Longhu Mountain area, there were ten main palaces, eighty one Taoist temples, fifty Taoist temples, and ten Taoist nunneries.
Zhang Sheng, the fourth generation Tianshi, returned to Longhu Mountain to repair the Xuantan Temple and the former site of Danzao, the founder of Tianshi, and went to the altar every year for three yuan.During this period, the Dragon and Tiger Mountains were in a stage of seclusion, devoting themselves to cultivation, enriching and transforming religious ideas, and did not have a widespread impact on the society, especially did not receive the belief and affirmation of the upper class.At that time, there were "Northern Tianshi Taoism" headed by Kou Qianzhi, "Southern Tianshi Taoism" founded by Ge Hong, Lu Xiujing, etc., and Maoshan Shangqing Sect founded by Madam Wei Huacun, forming a situation where Dragon and Tiger Mountain, Gezao Mountain, and Maoshan Mountain were in a tripartite confrontation, collectively called "Three Mountains".
After a long period of reform and reform, Zhengyi Taoism completed the historic transformation from folk Taoism to official Taoism, and its influence began to emerge from the Tang Dynasty.The emperor of the Tang Dynasty praised Taoism, claiming to be the descendant of Laozi, the founder of Taoism, and established the imperial status of Taoism. In this context, Longhu Mountain was supported by the imperial power.In the seventh year of Tianbao (748 AD), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty summoned Zhang Gao, the fifteenth generation of Tianshi, and ordered him to set up an altar in Beijing to pass on the books, and to give him a gold seal to exempt the Tianshi family from all kinds of taxes. Moreover, he set up a special "Law School" in Beijing.Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also personally honored Tianshi Zhang as "Grand Master" and wrote "Zu Tianshi Praise".During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial edict was issued to offer incense coins, which were set up at Longhu Mountain.When Wu Zong summoned Zhang Chen, the 20th generation Tianshi, to "order to see the officials and not worship them", and gave money and silk to build temples in the mountains, and wrote the "True Immortal Temple".In 860 AD, Tianshi was ordered to build a golden ceremony, and in 865 AD, Tianshi Zu was conferred the title of "Three days to assist the teaching of Xuanda Master".With the vigorous support of successive rulers of the Tang Dynasty, the Dragon and Tiger Mountains are developing rapidly together, and their social influence is expanding day by day.
After the Song Dynasty, Longhu Mountain was further developed together, and the position of Tianshi was substantially improved.The emperor not only ordered the Heavenly Master to lead the Three Mountain Taoism, but also asked the Heavenly Master for the policy of governing the country.In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty (1012), Zhenzong changed the Immortal Temple on Longhu Mountain to Shangqing Temple. The name of Qingzhen on Longhu Mountain came from here.In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1015), Zhenzong canonized Zhang Zhengsui, the twenty-four generation heavenly teacher, as Mr. Zhenjing, which was the first time for the emperor to bestow a title on the in-service heavenly teacher.In addition, Emperor Zhenzong of Song also set up a calligraphy academy for Tianshi Zhang in the capital, and granted money and silver to expand Shangqing Temple in Longhu Mountain.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the social crisis was heavy. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty believed that Taoism had the effect of saving the world and the country. He called Zhang Jixian, the Heavenly Master, many times. In addition to seeking immortality from the Heavenly Master, he also asked about current affairs.Zhang Jixian, who was granted the title of Mr. Xu Jing by the Emperor Huizong, built a mansion in 1105.This is also the first time that the government has given Tianshi a mansion.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Keda, the 35 generation heavenly master, was also highly regarded by the emperor. In the third year of Emperor Lizong Jiaxi's reign (1239), Zhang Keda was granted the title of Mr. Guanmiao, and the title of Three Mountain Talisman was raised. He also served as the official affairs of the imperial palaces, temples and religious sects, and led the Dragon Flying Palace.This is a landmark event. Since then, Taoism in Longhu Mountain, Gezao Mountain and Maoshan Mountain has all been under the control of Tianshi. Tianshi Zhang has become the leader of the orthodox sect of Taoism appointed by the emperor, and Tianshi Mansion has become the activity center of Taoism in the south of the Yangtze River.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, Zhengyi continued to develop.At the end of the Song Dynasty, the Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty sent Wang Yiqing, an envoy, into the Dragon and Tiger Mountain to ask Zhang Keda, the 35 generation Tianshi, for a fate.After the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, Shizu summoned Zhang Zongyan, the 36 generation Tianshi, and ordered his leader to lead Taoism in the south of the Yangtze River, and still gave him a silver seal.When Wuzong ascended the throne, Zhang Youcai, the 38th generation, was summoned to the throne. "He was specially granted the Golden Purple Guanglu doctor, the imperial duke, and the golden seal".The support of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty to the Tianshi Taoism was almost handed down from generation to generation, and basically every emperor had a gift to the Tianshi lineage.In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhengyi Taoism had a prominent position and was recognized and worshipped by the imperial power, which further consolidated its leadership in Taoism.After entering the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor, sent an envoy to reach the 42 generation Tianshi Zhang Zhengliang before he became emperor. Please send an astronomy book and give it the "fate has its way back" order to create a public opinion atmosphere of divine power.In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang granted Zhang Zhengyi, the true successor of Taoism, the leader of Taoism affairs in the world forever. He granted silver seals, ranked second, and appointed Liao Zuo, the leader of Taoism, the leader of Taoism.The heavenly master's access is all post horses, carts and boats, and the treatment is extremely high.Zhu Yuanzhang also granted silver to rebuild the Tianshi Mansion and wrote eulogies for the Tianshi in the past dynasties.In the first month of the second year of orthodoxy (1437), the Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty gave a banquet to Zhang Maocheng, the 45th generation of Tianshi, and specially invited descendants of saints to Yansheng Duke to have a banquet together, each giving python clothes and Zhu shoes, further determining the pattern of the two aristocratic families of "South Zhang and North Kong".In the third year of Chenghua (1467), Zhang Yuanji, the Tianshi of the 46th generation, received a title of 25 words. From the 47th to the 50th generation, the emperor presided over the wedding ceremony of the Tianshi, and the royal lady monument was betrothed to the Tianshi.
From the early Qing Dynasty to the reign of Yongzheng, the imperial court still favored Zhengyi Taoism.The monument of the 52 generation Tianshi Zhang Yingjing was granted the title of Zhengyi Inheritance Immortal, who was in charge of Taoism affairs in the world.In the ninth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign, he also granted 100000 taels of silver to renovate the temple of Dragon and Tiger Mountain and purchase fertile land to support the Taoists.
From then on to the Republic of China, Zhengyi gradually declined.After the Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty, the pilgrimage system of Celestial Master to Beijing was cancelled.
Sihan Tianshi Mansion
Tianshi Mansion is the place where the fourth generation Tianshi started to live and worship gods.Originally known as "True Immortal Temple", it was built at the foot of Longhu Mountain. The Tianshi Mansion was originally a private house granted by Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, to Zhang Jixian, a 30 generation Tianshi. It was built at the gate of Shangqing Town in the fourth year of Chongning (1105), and was moved by the 39th generation Tianshi Zhang Sicheng in the sixth year of Yanyou of the Yuan Dynasty (1319) to this site, that is, Changqing Square in the upper Qing Dynasty, west of Shangqing Town today.In the first year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty (1368), 15 Yi (360 liang) pieces of platinum were given to rebuild the Qingzhen Center on this site.After more than ten times of construction, the existing wooden buildings are all old buildings from the Qianlong, Jiaqing and Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty.
The whole mansion is composed of the gate of the mansion, the lobby, the back hall, the private house, the library, the garden, and the altar of the Ten Thousand Dharma Sect. In terms of layout and style, it maintains the distinctive characteristics of the Taoist orthodox school living together with the gods, and is the art treasure of China's private gardens and Taoist architecture.
There is a Wanfa Temple on the west side of the "private residence gate" of Longhu Mountain Tianshi Mansion, which was built in the fifth year of Jiajing (1526) of the Ming Dynasty."Wanfa Sect Altar" is an important symbol of the ancestral court of Taoism Zhengyi Sect.The Complete Book of Questions and Answers on Taoist Essentials records that "Taoism originally had four major altars, of which the Tianshi Sect on Longhu Mountain was the Zhengyi Xuantan, the Sanmao Zhenjun Sect on Maoshan Mountain was the Shangqing Dharma Altar, the Gexianweng Sect on Gezao Mountain was the Lingbao Xuantan, and the Xujingyang Sect on Xishan Mountain was the Jingming Dharma Altar.Later, because the three mountains were rarely handed down, the heavenly master of the Yuan Dynasty was pleased to lead the Southern Taoism, so the three mountain talismans were all returned to the Dragon and Tiger Mountain Tianshi Mansion, instead of the Zhengyi Xuantan as the 'Altar of Ten Thousand Dharma Schools', which is still there today. "It can be seen that "Wanfa Sect Altar" is the common sect altar of orthodox Taoism.
Taoist Culture Festival
Taoist Culture FestivalIt is an important tourism festival in Longhu Mountain. It is held every two years, integrating Taoist pilgrimage, tourism, economic and trade negotiations, and folk custom gathering. It is the only grand tourism festival with Taoist culture as the theme in China.
The Taoist Culture Festival on Longhu Mountain starts from October 18 to the end of October 20. During the three days, many programs with local characteristics will be arranged on Longhu Mountain. Some regular activities include:
Opening ceremony of Longhu Mountain Taoist Culture Festival (Xianshuiyan, Taohuazhou)
Longhu Mountain Fairy Water Rock Garden, Sword Dance, Mulan Fan Performance, Longhu Mountain Wedding Custom Performance, String Gong and Drum Performance, Folk Sports Performance (Taohuazhou)
Taoist cultural scientific instrument performance in Longhu Mountain（Wilsonii house）
Longhu Mountain Material Exchange Conference（Longhushan Town）[9]
Mystery of Hanging Coffin
Hanging Coffin on Dragon and Tiger Mountain
202 Longhu MountainHanging coffinThe group caused heated debate.Experts believe that the cliff tomb hanging coffins on Longhu Mountain, with a history of more than 2600 years, were buried by ancient Yue people.
Song Neo ConfucianismZhu XiHe once asked: "Mr. Sanqu, looking at a boat in a ravine, doesn't know how long it will take to stop the boat?" Coincidentally, the former president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and modern archaeologistGuo MoruoHe also expressed his regret that the cliff tomb could not be explained scientifically.Now Dragon and Tiger MountainHanging coffinMany experts and scholars at home and abroad have tried to solve the "eternal mystery" of.
Although it is a mystery for thousands of years, people still have explored and practiced various possible solutions for the existence of its facts. The most originalLever principleLifting demonstration is one of the most obvious methods.[4]
natural resources
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Main peaks
Guifeng
Guifengbe locatedYiyang CountysouthXinjiangSouth bank, west distanceYingtan35km, located in Sanqing Mountain, Longhu Mountain andWuyi Mountbetween.There are 36 peaks in Guifeng, eight landscapes.Guifeng, formerly known as Guifeng, is named after the mountains and rocks stacked like tortoises.
Tianmen Mountain
Tianmen Mountain is located inShangqing The south is 5km, and the highest peak is 1300m above sea level.Tianmen Mountain belongs to the Late Jurassic volcanic rock landform. The whole scenic spot has steep slopes, deep valleys, strange rocks, dense forests and magnificent scenery.
Tuna Peak
Golden Lance Peak is located in the east of Swan Lake, also known as Jieshi and Chujiushi.The peak is 118 meters above sea level, and the peak column is about 60 meters high.
Elephant Trunk Hill
Elephant Trunk HillIt is a kind of stone beam through hole landscape that has been washed, corroded and weathered by rainwater for a long time and has fallen off, resulting in collapse.About 100 meters high, there is a stone beam hanging from the sky, and the whole mountain looks like a giant stone elephant fetching water.
Paiya Peak
The Paiya Peak is about 2km long, with the highest peak of 267.5m.Paiya Peak is connected by several groups of peaks. It is a peak cluster landscape formed by long-term erosion of water flow. The mountain trend is north-south, and it is long and narrow. The highest peak is 267.5 meters above sea level.The peaks from north to south mainly include: Sanqing Lundao Peak at the north end, Bajie Dream Fairy Peak, Liyu Peak, No. 1 Scholar Peak, Candle Peak in the middle, and Dadao Cut Peak at the south end.
The flora of Longhu Mountain belongs to the humid forest area in southeast China, the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest sub belt, and the evergreen fargesia fargesii forest pine and fir forest area at the west foot of Wuyi Mountain.[8]According to statistics, there were more than 460 species of plants belonging to 250 genera and 100 families in 2012.
Forest typeMainly broad-leaved forestConiferous and broad-leaved mixed forestAnd coniferous forests.Among them, broad-leaved forest is mainly distributed at the altitude of 300~800 meters, and Shangqing, Erkou, Lengshui and other places are the main distribution areas of its concentrated contiguous area, which is a multi-level forest belt.The upper layer is dominated by large arbors such as castanopsis fargesii, oak, castanopsis carlesii, caryophylla, liquidambar formosana and schima superba, and the middle layer is dominated by Huangduan wooda tall evergreen tree、Litsea cubebaEqual sub trees and some large trees mainly cut stumps and sprouts, and the lower layer is made of Yingren treesAconite、cuckoo、Ox nose suppository、Euonymus、Black riceAnd more than 100 kinds of small shrubs.Among them, there is also a large area of Moso bamboo forest, mainly distributed in the ear mouth, cold water and other places.In broad-leaved forest belt, the higher the altitude, the fewer tree species.At an altitude of 700-800 meters, onlyFagaceaeAnd a few species of magnolia, with small areas scattered in some mountainous areasMount Huangshan Pine。At an altitude of 300-610 meters, there are more than 100 families and genera and more than 400 kinds of broad-leaved forests.[11]
plant resources
In Longhu Mountain, the main resource plants can be divided into 14 categories.The widely distributed timber plants arePhyllostachys pubescens、Masson pine、Castanopsis grandis、Camphor tree、Bai Nan、a tall evergreen tree、Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis tenuifolia, Castanopsis shui, Castanopsis wumei, etc.Some species are rare and only found in deep mountains and forests, but they are very precious, such as those in the southchinese yewEtc.Cunninghamia lanceolata is the most common high-quality timber tree species, but the wild Cunninghamia lanceolata has been rare, mostly planted artificially.The firewood plants are particularly resistant to drought and barren. They are easy to cut. They have strong sprouting ability, fast growth and are easy to burn.Woody plants on barren mountains have been widely used, such ascuckoo, black rice, white sandalwoodChestnut、Millennial dwarfEtc.In areas lacking firewood, a large number of ferns, awns and other herbs are also used as fuel.The native masson pine is an excellent tree species for fuel forest. From the 1950s to the 1960s, tens of thousands of mu were artificially plantedpinus massoniana By the 1980s, these plantations had grown into forests in an all-round way. However, with the improvement of living standards of urban and rural people, cooking utensils and fuels were generally reformed, and liquefied gas and coal were widely used in household stoves.The people said that the trees in low mountains and near mountains are growing well and growing fast nowadays, mainly because of liquefied gas and coal. Many low mountains and near mountains are difficult to climb.[11]
The main scenic spots of Longhu Mountain include Shangqing Palace Scenic Spot, Tianshi Mansion Scenic Spot, Longhu Mountain Scenic Spot, Xianyan Shuiyan Scenic Spot, Rock Tombs Scenic Spot, Xiangbi Mountain Paiya Stone Scenic Spot, and Dufeng Mazu Rock Scenic Spot.[12]
Wilsonii house, the full name of "Qingsihan Tianshi Mansion", covers an area of more than 30000 square meters, with magnificent buildings, and there are still more than 6000 square meters of ancient buildings.
largeShangqing Palace, built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the place where Zhang Daoling, the founder of the Heavenly Master, built his Taoism, which is called Shangqing Palace for short.
Tourist routes
One day tour of Longhu Mountain
AM: FromYingtanTake a bus to Shangqing Ancient Town to visitChangqing SquareLiuhou Family Temple, Shangqing PalaceWilsonii house, Tianyuan Deyao Store, Ancient StreetStilted building, use Chinese food in Shangqing.
Mount Longhu
Afternoon: take a raft or kayak from Shangqing Bamboo Raft Wharf to Jiuqu IslandZhengyi Temple、Fairy water rockAlong the Luxi River, visit the top ten scenic spots of Leida Stone, Three Strange Stones, Longhu Mountain, Xianshui Rock, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Cliff TombsMosquito free villageThe Elephant Trunk Mountain will watch the cliff tomb "lifting coffin" performance, check in the scenic hotel or return to the urban area for accommodation.
Two day tour of Longhu Mountain
Day 1: Morning, visitShangqing Ancient Town、Shangqing PalaceAfter lunch, you can visit Tianmen Mountain or take a bamboo raft to Zhengyi Temple.Stay in the hotel or go back to the city.
Day 2: In the morning, go to Xianshuiyan for a raft tour. In the afternoon, visit Elephant Trunk Mountain and Immortal City
Railway: Yingtan is located at the intersection of Zhejiang Jiangxi, Anhui Jiangxi and Yingxia railway lines. You can take trains to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Kunming, Changsha, Nanjing, NanchangJiujiangAnd other big cities.
highway: Take the shuttle bus to Xianshuiyan at the long-distance bus station on the west side of Yingtan Railway Station (5:30-17:30, every 15 minutes, 5 yuan, half an hour).National Highway 206 (Yantai Shantou) and National Highway 320 (Shanghai Ruili) pass byYingtanThe transportation to Longhu Mountain is also convenient.
aviation: Longhu Mountain is 116 kilometers away from Fujian Wuyishan Airport and 120 kilometers away from Nanchang Airport.
