Longquan Sword, ancient ChinaTen Famous SwordsOne, also known as Longyuan Sword, started in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, more than 2600 years ago. It is a famous sword in ancient China and a sword of integrity and purity.Legend has it thatOu YeziIt was forged by two swordsmen together with a capable general.
It is said that Ou Yezi and the generals dug the Mount Ci to cast the sword, let out the stream in the mountain, and led it to the sword casting furnaceBig DipperAmong the seven pools in the circle is the name "Seven Stars".When the sword is finished, I look down at the body of the sword, like climbing a mountain and looking down into the abyss. It is ethereal and deep, as if there is a giant dragon lying in the pan.Is the name "Dragon Abyss」。So the sword is called "Seven Star Dragon Cave", referred to as"Dragon Yuan Sword」。
In the Tang Dynasty, because of avoiding the ancestorsLi YuanSo he changed the word "Yuan" into the word "Quan" and said, "Seven Star Dragon Spring", referred to as"Dragon Spring Sword」。
Chinese name
Dragon Spring Sword
Foreign name
Longquan Sword
Alias
Seven Star Dragon Spring、Dragon Yuan Sword、Seven Star Dragon Cave
"Longquan Sword" began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,[1]More than 2600 years ago[2]。
《Impermissible book》In the Spring and Autumn PeriodOu YeziChisel the Mount Zizi, let out the stream, take the iron Ying in the mountain and make three swords, which are called "Dragon Abyss", "Taia" and "Gongbu".[1]
《Impermissible book·The Sword of Foreign Biography also contains:King of ChuHe said, "What is the LongyuanTaia、Workcloth？」WindbeardHe said, "If you want to know the dragon abyss, look at its shape, like climbing a mountain, facing an abyss..."
《Jin Shu·Zhang HuaBiography records;"Wu is still alive, and there is often ultraviolet purple in bullfights. After Wu Ping, the purple becomes clearer. Hua WenYu ZhangpeopleLei HuanMiaoda Weixiang wants to refresh the night, because he climbs the stairs to look up.Hua said, "What kind of luck is it?" Huan said, "The essence of the sword is in the big ears." Hua said, "In what county?"?Huan said, "In Fengcheng, Yuzhang." Hua is the symbol of Fengcheng.Huan went to the county to dig the prison house foundation and got a stone letter with two swords in it, and carved the inscription, sayingLongquan, on the first dayname of a famous sword。Huan sent an envoy to send a sword and Hua, and left one to wear. "
AncestorOu YeziIt is the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States PeriodVietnamMan is the founder of Longquan Sword[3]。
When Ou Yezi was bornCountries of the Eastern Zhou DynastyThe period of dispute.He discovered the difference between the properties of copper and iron, smelted and cast the first iron sword - "Longyuan", and created ChinaCold weaponIt is the first of its kind.According to historical records, he made it for the King of YueZhanlu、Pure Jun、Victory over evil、Fishintestines、Tu xingFive swords are the ancestors of casting swords in ancient China.
Related allusions
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Although the sword casting skill is superb, it is also famous for an ordinary fisherman whose real name cannot be known: Yu Zhangren.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, famous generalsWu ZixuWu Zixu's parents and brother were killed by treacherous ministersChu StateThe soldiers and horses chased all the way, and fled toYangtze RiverOn the shore, you can see the vast river and vast expanses of waves.When Wu Zixu was in great anxiety, he found a boat coming from the upstream at a high speed. The fisherman on the boat repeatedly called him to get on the boat. After Wu Zixu got on the boat, the boat quickly disappeared into the reed marsh, and the pursuers on the bank angrily left.
The fisherman took Wu Zixu to the bank and brought him wine and food to feast on. Wu Zixu was grateful and asked the fisherman's name. The fisherman laughed about his waves and what his name was, just saying "fisherman". Wu Zixu thanked him and said goodbye. After taking a few steps, he turned back with concern and took the sword handed down from his waist: Seven Star Dragon Yuan,The fisherman wanted to give this valuable sword to the fisherman as a thank you, and asked him not to reveal his whereabouts. The fisherman took the Seven Star Dragon Yuan sword, looked up to the sky, sighed, and said to Wu Zixu: "I saved you only because you are loyal to the country and don't want to repay. Now, you still suspect that I am greedy for profits and trust less, so I have to show my purity with this sword.".After saying that, the horizontal sword cut its own throat.Wu ZixuRegret is inexplicable——The story can be found in《Wu Yue Chunqiu》
Rise and fall of casting sword
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《Impermissible book》Record:King of ChucommandWindbeardreachCross the groundFind Ou Yezi and ask him to make a sword.So Ou Yezi traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, looking for places where he could cast iron, cold spring and bright stone. Only when he had all these three things, could he cast a sword.Finally, he came to Longquan. After two years, he finally forged three swords: the first one is called "Longyuan", the second one is called "Taia", and the third one is called“Workcloth”。These three swords cut copper and iron like cutting mud to remove soil.The King of Chu saw the swordGreat joy, this place is named "Sword Lake".
About LaterLongquanThe whereabouts of the sword is recorded in the Book of Jin · Biography of Zhang Hua;“Wu ZhiThere is often ultraviolet purple between bullfights.andWu PingAfter that, the purple became more and more bright.HuawenYu ZhangpeopleLei HuanMiaoda Weixiang wants to refresh the night, because he climbs the stairs to look up.Hua said, 'YesHe XiangAlso? 'Huan said: 'The essence of the sword goes through the big ears.'Hua said: 'In what county'?Huan said, 'In YuzhangFengcheng。’China will be replenished and revitalized into a prosperous city.Huandao County Digs Prison House Foundation OneStone letter, there are two swords in it, and the inscription is carved, one is called Longquan, the other is calledname of a famous sword。Huan sent an envoy to send a sword and Hua, and left one to wear. "[3]
In addition, this sword was onceLi YuanLi Yuan was buried with Li Yuan after his deathSacrifice MausoleumIt is also said that Li Yuan once passed this sword toTaizongLi Shimin, later buried with Li ShiminZhaoling。
Historical inheritance
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Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
To make swordsmanshipWu YueIt is the best in the region.As the ancients said, "The sword of Wu Yue (Yue) is good when it is moved to the place where it can be used, and the local atmosphere makes it good." Longquan produces copper and iron, and its ancestor is Ou Yezi, a famous swordsmanDragon Spring SwordYesIron swordThe chief.[1]
Longquan's sword casting industry is dedicated to casting precious swords for the royal family.
Chinese
Suitable for choppingRing handle knifeGradually replaced the sword.From then on, the Longquan Sword faded out of the noise of war and carriedSword cultureThe connotation of.
Longquan sword casting industry is driven by the rapid population growth and the southward shift of cultural center. The sword casting industry is relatively developed and has a certain scale.
Tang Dynasty
Any famous sword must be called "Longquan". Longquan has become a synonym for treasured swords.
Song Dynasty
In the early years of Xianping,hanlin academician ConcurrentCompilation of History MuseumYang YiIn the Record of Jinsha Pagoda Courtyard, it is said that:“JinyunThe town of Xibi is called Longquan, which is the place where Ouye casts swords. "Southern Song DynastyIn the third year of Jiading (1210),He DanBy《Longquan County Annals》In: "There areSword PoolLake.The lake is said to be the place where Ou Yezi forged a sword. It's the first dragon cave and is named after this town. "Northern Song DynastyLongquan Man, then Prime MinisterHe Zhizhong(1044-1118), strongly advocated sword casting. The sword casting industry in the ancient city of Longquan was in its heyday, and sword shops were everywhere, which became another heyday after the era of Ouyezi.
element
In October of the 17th year of the Zhizheng era (1358),Song LianThe Longyuan Yishu Stele said: "The Longyuan isLongquanTo avoid the taboo of the Tang Dynasty and to recite the current name.It is said that the place is where Ou Yezi forged the sword. Up to now, there is water called Jianxi. "Ming WanliQiaocanghui Chronicle? Geography: Longquan County“ShannanIt is Qinxi, and Jianchi Lake is in its shade, with tens of acres around.The water of the lake is clear and crisp, and there are some auspicious lotus standing out from time to time.There is a seven star well beside it. It is the place where Ou Yezi forged his sword. Now it is an official field. The well is still there. In summer, people drink its water, and the cold current invades the teeth and bones. "There is still an ancient well, with Ouyezi General Temple andSword Pavilion(The pavilion was destroyed at the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution" and has now been rebuilt).Because of their admiration for Ou Yezi, swordsmen of all ages carry water to quench their swords in Jianchi Lake (well) every Dragon Boat Festival.Each shop refined two swords on that day.
clear
In the late 19th century, guns replaced swords, and swords became martial arts tools, Taoist magic toolsStage propsAnd ornamental handicrafts.Longquan Sword is widely used by martial arts lovers and artists due to its excellent shape and qualityConnoisseurIt is favored by the famous craftsmen in Longquan Sword Casting Industry. It has been handed down for a long time.In the 13th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1748), the blacksmith Zheng Yi was born in the East Street of the town and opened a sword shop to recruit apprentices and teach skills, using the melting of Chinese traditionpig ironperfusionWrought ironOf“Steel pouring”Smelting method is used to make swords.The refined sword is not easy to rust, and its edge is sharp.Clearing the wayDuring the 1830s (around 1830), Liao Taihe's sword shop in Longquan was skilled in carving, inheriting the decorative style of the Warring States Period, and was famous for a while.clearXianfengIn 1858,Taiping ArmyWhen stationed in Longquan for ten days, a large number of swords and weapons need to be added. The fourth generation Sun Zhengsan Ancient Sword Shop, a swordsman Zheng Yisheng, has excellent swords and can't handle them.Guangxu reign periodIn the early days, Zhou Guohua (nicknamed Liu Er), Zhou Guorong (nicknamed Wu Er), and Zhou Guogui (nicknamed Lao Jiu) took Zheng Wenxuan (son of Zheng Sangu), a famous sword shop, as their teacher.After the completion of the division, Zhou Guohua opened a 10000 brand sword shop alone.
In 2014,Wudang MountainThe Qing Dynasty Seven Star Dragon Spring Sword was found, which was inlaid with a picture of the Big Dipper.The sword is 1.26m long and weighs about 1.75kg. Its body and handle are longer than ordinary swords. It is woodenLacquerscabbardThe paint is bright, people can be seen vaguely, and there are cracks in the road.Although the body of the sword is still sharp after 200 years,carve flowers or patternsEngraved withQinglong, White TigerBasalt、rosefinchThe four zodiac signs, inlaidBig DipperFigure,Bronze ornamentChisel carvingTaoist design "Dark Eight Immortals".[4]
Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China
During this period, the sword casting craftsmen in Longquan made great efforts in the quality, packaging and cultural connotation of the sword, so that the unique technology of Longquan sword was further carried forward, and it was widely used by martial arts enthusiasts and artistsConnoisseurFavored.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the county seat was located along a street on the north bank of the stream, from Tianfei Palace (today'sXinhua Cinema）At the entrance of Guancang Alley, the sword shop is clanking day and night.In the autumn of the 19th year of the Republic of China, 30 Longquan swords were selected as the best swords in the national national sports competition held in Nanjing by the National National Sports Hall, and were listed as prizes for martial arts performanceswinner。Longquan Sword is unique in the southeast and famous. Its products are sold all over the country.It was the heyday of sword making in the Republic of China.After the beginning of the Anti Japanese War, merchants and provincial organizations in Shanghai and Hangzhou moved to Longquan, and walking sticks and swords (called "Sidike" at that time) became fashionable necessities for gentry and officials.From the victory of the Anti Japanese War to the eve of liberation, the economy was depressed, and the production and sales of swords were greatly reduced.
Historical position
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Because the Longquan Sword is so famous, it is said thatOu YeziIt's in HenanWugangCity (ancient nameBaizi Country）Cast this sword.As early as the Han Dynasty, it was honored as a "treasured sword"Feudal dynastyThe emperor gave it to his courtiers“imperial sword”。The minister holding this "Shangfang Sword" can "kill first and report later".It is alsoPrinces and nobilityIt is a precious gift used to pay tribute, reward and present to show off your status and power.
