Muridae

A family of mammals belonging to the suborder Muriformes

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This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Muridae has more than 500 species. Its members are very diverse and can be divided into several subfamilies, most of which belong to Murinae murinae； Natural distribution is limited to old world 。 Ears are short and thick, and cannot roll forward to the eyes. The hind foot is thicker. It has a wide range of eating habits, strong adaptability, and some species have migration habits and strong fecundity, such as Rattus norvegicus It can give birth to 6~8 babies a year, and the pregnancy period is about 3 weeks. Each baby can give birth to 7~10 babies, up to 15 babies. Black house mouse Rattus rattus、 Rattus norvegicus and mice Music Mus musculus Musmusculus arrived with humans world Everywhere, the most successful and common mammal , as Vermin And also cultivated albino varieties for medical experiments.

Chinese scientific name: Muridae
Latin name: muridae
circles: Animal kingdom
door: Chordate
Yamen: Vertebrate
Outline: Mammalia

Subclass: Eucerata
order: Rodentia
Suborder: Muriformes
section: Muridae
Protection level: Included in Appendix I, Appendix II and Appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

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Muridae is the largest family of mammals. Molar teeth of rodents lack vertical enamel dentition, which is different from that of hamsters. Molecular evidence also supports the separation of Muroidea from Cricetidae, a sister taxon of Muroidea, which differentiated about 24 million years ago. Morphological and molecular data clearly divide the rodent family into 5 subfamilies, and there are 2 subfamilies in China (Michaux et al. 2001; Musser and carleton2005； Steppaneta.2004)^[1] 。

The black house mouse, rattus norvegicus and small house mouse of murine genus are the most successful and common mammals in the murine family. They are generally regarded as pests, and have also been cultivated into albino varieties for medical experiments. In addition to the species spread by humans, the natural distribution of rodents is limited to the Old World. Many species are limited in distribution, and some species are endangered or already extinct.

There are two distribution centers of Muridae, one is from southern Asia to Oceania, among which the genus and species of Nanyang Islands are the most abundant; Another distribution center is Africa, which has fewer species than the previous region. These two regions have their own genera and species, and only a few of them share the mouse genus. In addition to several kinds of house mice spread with human beings, only two genera and species of Muridae can be found in Europe and northern Asia, and a few species such as house mice are distributed in other parts of Asia. Other species of Muridae are limited to these two regions, of which only one species of house mouse belongs to the house mouse, which is small and light, distributed in large areas of Eurasia, It is one of the smallest rodents with a winding tail and can climb on grass, also known as Old World Gram Rat, which corresponds to the real Gram Rat of New World Hamster.

Rodents can adapt to different living environments, and their shapes and habits are also relatively diverse. The typical members of the muridae are similar in morphology and habits to domestic rats, but some are also quite different. For example, the Australian water rat in Australia is large, weighing up to 1000 grams, semi aquatic, and feeds on fish and other aquatic animals; The fleeing mouse in Australia is a bipedal leap, mainly living in desert areas, similar to that in America Kangaroo rat ； The hair of the African prickly mouse, the Ryukyu prickly mouse of the Ryukyu Islands, and the stinging dormouse (Dormouse) transplanted from the Dormouse subfamily are protective thorns; There are also many species adapted to arboreal life. In the Muridae, there are many different members in the genus Muridae, such as aquatic members, tree stalks and spiny members. Rat is the largest genus of rodents and mammals. Some people have merged or moved out some members, leaving only about 80 species that are basically limited to Southeast Asia and Oceania, less than the genus Muscat of Insectivora. But even so, Rat is still the largest genus of rodents^[2] 。

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Ears are short and thick, and cannot roll forward to the eyes. The hind foot is thicker.

Life habits

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It has a wide range of eating habits, strong adaptability, and some species have migration habits.

Muridae (5 sheets)

Growth and reproduction

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It has strong fecundity. For example, Rattus norvegicus can give birth to 6~8 babies a year, and the pregnancy period is about 3 weeks. Each baby can give birth to 7~10 babies, up to 15.