Yellowstone National Park (English name:Yellowstone National Park）: referred to as Yellowstone ParkNational Park ServiceResponsible for management.On March 1, 1872, it was officially named as a national park to protect wildlife and natural resources, and was listed in 1978《World Heritage List》OfWorld Natural Heritage。This is the first in the worldnational park。
Yellowstone National Park covers an area of about 898317 hectares, mainly located in Wyoming, USA, and partially located in Montana and Idaho.Yellowstone Park is divided into five areas: northwestMammoth Hot Spring The area is mainly composed of limestone steps, so it is also called hot step area;The Northeast is Roosevelt District, which still retains the old western landscape;In the middle is the canyon area, which can be viewedHuangshi Grand CanyonAnd waterfalls;SoutheastYellowstone Lake , mainly lakes and mountains;Geyser areas are located in the west and southwestGeyser, hot springs, steam pools, hot pools, mud floors and air vents.There is a museum of historic sites in the park.
The park is one of the largest craters in the world, and it has one of the largest forests in the world.There are more than 10000 hot springs and more than 300 geysers.It has more than 290 waterfalls.The park has Huangshi Lake, Huangshi River, canyons, waterfalls and hot springs, and is a famous tourist attraction.There are many kinds of wild animals in the park, including 7 ungulates, 2 bears and 67 other mammals, 322 birds, 18 fish and cross-border gray wolves.There are more than 1100 native plants, more than 200 exotic plants and more than 400 speciesThermophilic microorganism。[1]
Yellowstone National Park is proudly called "the most unique magical paradise on earth" by Americans.The park has convenient transportation. The road around the mountain is more than 500 kilometers long, connecting the main scenic spots of each scenic spot, and the hiking path is more than 1500 kilometers.
Yellowstone National Park is the first certified national park in the world and one of the most spectacular national parks in the world.It spans Wyoming, Montana and Idaho.Yellowstone National Park covers an area of about 9000 square kilometers, including lakes, canyons, rivers and mountains.The largest lake in the park is Yellowstone Lake in the center of Yellowstone Volcano, which is one of the largest high-altitude lakes in North America.Huangshi Volcano is the largest and still active super volcano in North America. In the past two million years, it has erupted several times with huge force, and the ejected lava and ash also covered most areas in the park. Thanks to its continuous active state, half of the geothermal resources in the world are located in the Huangshi Park area.
Yellowstone Park is rich in landforms and changeable in climate. The slopes are covered with snow and the geysers are hot. When you drive on the roads in the park, you often see sunshine.The tourist attractions that cannot be missed are the magnificent Old Faithful Geyser, the colorful prism, the quiet Huangshi Lake, the rushing Huangshi Waterfall, the magnificent Huangshi Grand Canyon, and the beautiful Giant Elephant Hot Spring (also called Mammoth Hot Spring).In addition, as the largest wildlife reserve in the United States, Yellowstone Park is home to a large number of wild animals. In Yellowstone Park, herds of bison are seen most frequently, and red deer and antelope are often seen.People can even see reindeer fighting with their big solid horns, little black bears playing on the grassland, and sometimes eagles flying across the sky.The park has dense forests and is the most successful wildlife reserve in the world. Sometimes, grizzly or black bears can be found in the deep of the park or on the road.
Yellowstone Park was established in the autumn of 1807. According to the act of the United States Congress on March 1, 1872, Yellowstone Park was "approved to become a public park and entertainment place for the benefit of the people", and also "to keep all its trees, ore deposits, natural wonders and landscapes, and other scenery in their existing natural state from being damaged",It is officially named as a national park for protecting wildlife and natural resources, which is the first and largest national park in the world.[30]
Yellowstone National Park is mainly located in Wyoming, the United States. There are more than 10000 hot springs, including 500 geysers - accounting for two-thirds of the total number of geysers on the earth, which is the largest concentration of geysers.One of the most striking is the steamboat geyser.Its water can reach 91.4 meters high, which makes it the most active geyser.The steam boat geyser erupted 48 times in 2019, setting the record of the largest number of eruptions in the whole year.(Guinness World Records)[30]
The whole process of naming
Yellowstone Park is located inHuangshi RiverTherefore, the park is named after its historical name.Towards the end of the 18th century, French hunters named this river "Roche Jaune", which may beMandan people(Minnetaree) is translated from the name "Mi tsi a-da zi" (Rock Yellow River).Later, American hunters translated the French name "Yellowstone" into English.Although the Yellowstone River is generally believed to be named after the yellow rocks seen in the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone Park, the origin of the name of the Indians is not clear.[5]
Archaeological exploration
The human history of Huangshi can be traced back to 11000 years ago.Originated about 11000 years agoClovis culture It was founded by the ancient Indians in the remote Mississippi River basin. People found the Yellowstone Park made in the same eraObsidianarrow.When Native Americans first started fishing and hunting in the area, the human history of Yellowstone Park began. These traditions continued 200 years ago.In 1805, until white explorers (Lewis and Clark expedition) first entered this area, they found that people who lived on this land hunted or even scatteredIndianEthnic groups and tribes, includingNez Perce (Nez Perce)、Cro tribe(Crow) andShoshone(Shoshone)。At that time, they lived in extreme poverty.[6]
In 1795, the legendary Jim Bridge led the first government authorized expedition into Yellowstone.The place name now known as Huangshi River was the first to appear in written records.[7]
From 1797 to 1798, David Thompson, a British explorer and geographer, was engaged in fur trade in the northwest. He used the word "Yellowstone" in his notes, which he recorded during his visit to Mandan Village, Missouri.Although the towering canyon wall is very close to the upstream channel of "Yellow River Stone", it is uncertain how the term originated.[7]
From 1805 to 1806, John Colter, a member of Lewis and Clark's expedition, withdrew from the expedition and joined a team of hunters in what is now Montana.They heard the sound of the southern volcano making the earth tremble like thunder.[7]
In the winter of 1808, John Colt crossed an area that became part of Yellowstone Park.He observed thatPagoda waterfallThere is at least one geothermal area near the Tower Fall.He became the first white man known so far to explore here.[7]
In 1827, the first written document in the Yellowstone area appeared in a Philadelphia newspaper, but it did not seem to be noticed. People only paid attention to the barbaric history.The earliest letter about "Huangshi" written by the beast hunter Daniel T. Potts, in which he described some characteristics of geothermal in this area.[7]
In 1829, Joe Mick, a hunter, accidentally discovered what is now called Norris Geyser Basin.His description of the place with John Colt's "fire and sulfur" is considered to be an imaginary and imaginary place, nicknamed "Colter Hell".In the next 40 years, a large number of reports from mountain people and fur hunters described these boiling mud, steaming rivers and petrified trees, but most of these reports were considered as myths at that time.[7]
In 1834, Warren Angus Ferris, a salesman of the American Fur Company, entered the current Yellowstone Park in order to become famous. He was the first person to actually "travel" to visit Yellowstone, and was the first to provide a full explanation of the geysers.[7]
From 1835 to 1839, Trapper Osbourne Russell ventured into Huangshi three times during the peak of the hunter era, reaching many hot areas in Huangshi and Huangshi Lake in the south.[7]
In 1842, Warren Ferris, a messenger of western literature, entered Huangshi.He identified a "geyser" that can keep warm, a term derived from Iceland.[7]
1850-1860, the American Civil War, the direct result of the struggle against slavery, the Civil War broke out.At the same time, small-scale conflicts with Indians have also continued.The US government decided to explore the Yellowstone area.[7]
After an exploration in 1856, Jim Bridger, a mountain man, is considered the first or second person who has ever seenGreat Salt LakeThe same report said that a boiling spring, a fountain, and a mountain made of glass and yellow stone were found.[7]
In 1859, the United States ArmysurveyorWilliam Reynolds The captain started rightThe Rocky MountainsCarry out a two-year survey.After spending a winter in Wyoming, in May 1860, he worked with naturalists includingHeiden, Ferdinand VandewellAnd guide Jim BrigierFengheCrossing the two ocean plateausContinental watershed。Although they were hindered by the heavy snow in spring, they succeeded in achieving their goal, and became the first group of people to enter Huangshi area for survey in an organized way.butCivil WarThe outbreak of the Great Wall of China put the exploration and expedition plan on hold until the late 1860s.[7]
In 1863, a group of gold miners entered the south of Huangshi.A few years later, de Lacy Lake area appeared on the map, until it was renamed as today's Sho shore Lake.[7]
In 1865, Francis Xavier Kuppens, a young Jesuit priest, came to work near the Great Falls in what is now Montana. In addition, he visited Yellowstone and Geyser in the Grand Canyon.Later, Kupang had the opportunity to describe his incredible journey and suggested to the acting territorial governor Thomas Francis Meagher that such a truly existing local wonder should be preserved as a national park.[7]
In 1868, Frederick and Philip Bottler became the first settlers of Potzmann and the Park.The Bauter Ranch was the first base for hunting and exploration.[7]
In 1869, the Cook Forson Peterson expedition carried out a detailed exploration of the Yellowstone area for the first time.The expedition was made up of three privately funded explorers.Forrest and his party came to the Yellowstone Lake along the Yellowstone River.He also reported the information recorded in his diary, which was known as Cook Fulsen Peterson Expedition.The members of the Forrest team kept an expedition log and reported on it based on this information.[7]
Development and construction of parks
In 1870, some residents of Montana organized the Washburn Lanford Donne Expedition, led by Henry D. Washburn, the state's chief surveyor, and other members included Nathaniel P. Lanford (later known as "Lanford, the national park") and Gustavus Cheney Donne, the captain of the US Army cavalry.The expedition team spent about a month exploring the area, collecting specimens and naming some scenic spots.A Montana writer and lawyer named Cornelius Hedges in the team proposed to set up this area as a national park for protection.He wrote many detailed articles about his observations and published them in the Helena Herald from 1870 to 1871.In October 1865, Thomas Francis Migg, the acting chief executive of Montana who had previously said that this area should be protected, also reiterated Higgies' opinion.Others have given similar advice.[7]
Lanford, the first person in charge of Yellowstone Park
In 1871, the US government received the report of Langford's expedition to Yellowstone last year.Ferdinand V. Hayden was appointed by the Congress as the leader to enter the area for official exploration and geological survey.Hayden was 11 years after his first attempt failed.He was finally able to try to explore the area again.With the support of the government, Hayden returned to Huangshi with the geological survey team.Hayden brings together a variety of geologists, botanists, zoologists, and artists Thomas Moran and photographer William H. Jackson.Hayden compiled a 500 page comprehensive report on the Yellowstone area to the Congress, including large-scale photos taken by William Henry Jackson and paintings by Thomas Moran.Moran's watercolor paintings and Jackson's photos proved the miracle.All the people were shocked by the spectacle and beauty in front of them.His report will help persuade the US Congress to cancel the public auction of Yellowstone and lobby for the creation of "Yellowstone National Park".[7]
On March 1, 1872, according to the initiative first proposed by Judge Cornelius Hedges that "this land should be the national treasure of all people in this emerging country", the then PresidentUlysses S. Grant (Ulysses S. Grant) signed the Establishment of Yellowstone National Park Act.So far, the world's first“national park”So it was born.Nathaniel Langford, one of the most outspoken supporters of the national park concept, was appointed as the first manager of the park.[8]
According to theUnited States CongressAccording to the bill, Yellowstone Park "the 2200000 acres of wilderness has been approved as a public park and entertainment place for the benefit of the people", but also "to keep all its trees, ore deposits, natural wonders and landscapes, and other scenery in their existing natural state from being damaged", and was officially named as a "national park to protect wildlife and natural resources"This is the first national park in the world.[8]
Commemorative annual ticket
On March 1, 2022, Yellowstone National Park in the United States will celebrate its 150th anniversary. The park has introduced a new way to invest in the future, a commemorative annual ticket, but it will not be used until 150 years later.This special annual ticket is launched by the Yellowstone National Park partner "Forever Yellowstone" Foundation. Each "annual ticket" sells for 1500 dollars.The annual ticket is printed with the buyer's family name, and future generations can enter the park 150 years later, that is, in 2172.In addition, people who buy this annual ticket can visit Yellowstone National Park for free in 2022.[31]
This ticket, which can only be used after 150 years, is also called "heritage pass".It is a way for the park to donate to the park, which helps to protect the future of the park and ensure that future generations of managers can experience and learn from the world's first national park.For those who not only want to protect but also want to show the next generation of natural heritage, there is only one way to get the heritage pass.Anyone who donates $1500 will receive a senior memorial pass.[31]
Distribution context
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Yellowstone National Park is located in the "backbone of the Americas"The Rocky Mountains, located in the Midwest of the United StatesWyomingAnd extends northwestward toIdahoandMontanaIt covers an area of 8956 square kilometers.About 96% of Yellowstone National Park is located in Wyoming.The other 3% is in Montana and the remaining 1% is in Idaho.The park is 101 kilometers from north to south and 87 kilometers from west to east.Huangshi Park covers an area of about 898317 hectares, with an area ratio ofRhode IslandorDelawareThey should all be big.Rivers and lakes account for 5% of the land area, of which Huangshi Lake, the largest water body, accounts for 35220 hectares. Huangshi Lake is about 120 meters deep and 180 kilometers long.Huangshi Lake, about 2357 meters above sea level, is the largest high-altitude lake in North America.Forests account for 80% of the park's land area;The rest is mostly grassland.[9]
Distribution Map of Huangshi National Park
geographical environment
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topographic features
Yellowstone Park is located on the lava plateau between the North Rocky Mountains and the Middle Rocky Mountains in the western United States. The North American Continental Watershed flows obliquely along the southwest of Yellowstone Park.This watershed is a topographic feature that separates the Pacific and Atlantic water basins.About one-third of the park is located in the west of the watershed.The headwaters of Huangshi River and Snake River are close to each other, but they are on both sides of the watershed.Therefore, the Snake River flows to the Pacific Ocean, while the Yellowstone River flows to the Atlantic Ocean through the Gulf of Mexico.[10]
Yellowstone Park is at the northeast end of the Snake River Plain.The Snake River Plain is a huge U-shaped arc, stretching about 640 kilometers to the west from the mountains of Boise Mountains in Idaho.This terrain traces back to the route of the North American plate in the past 1.7 billion years, because the North American plate was transported by plate tectonics and crossed a non flowing mantle hotspot.Today's terrain of Yellowstone National Park is the latest manifestation of this hot spot under the earth's crust.[10]
Yellowstone Park is located on the Yellowstone Plateau with an average elevation of 2400 meters.The Yellowstone Plateau borders the Middle Rocky Mountains, which vary from 2700 meters to 3400 meters in elevation, almost everywhere.The highest point of the park isEagle PeakThe peak (3462m) and the lowest point are along the Rhys Stream (1610m).The nearby mountains include the Gallatin Mountains extending to the northwest, the Bear Tooth Mountains in the north, the Absaroka Mountains extending to the east, and the Titon Mountains and Madison Mountains extending to the southwest and west.The most famous summit on the Yellowstone Plateau is 3122 meters highMount Washburn (Mount Washburn)。[10]
Yellowstone National Park has the largestStony forestone of.Long ago, trees were buried by volcanic ash and soil;Later, the buried wood was transformed into mineral material.The ash and other volcanic debris are believed to come from the local area of Yellowstone Park.This is mainly because Yellowstone Park is really a huge caldera of a super volcano.The park has 290 waterfalls at least 4.6 meters high, and the highest waterfall is the Huangshi Waterfall at the lower reaches of the Huangshi River, which is 94 meters high.[10]
There are three deep canyons in Yellowstone Park.They pass through the volcanic tuff on the Yellowstone Plateau through the rivers that have lasted for 640000 years.The Lewis River flows south through the Lewis Canyon, while the Huangshi River has carved two colorful canyons - the Huangshi Grand Canyon and the Huangshi Black Canyon.[10]
The natural landscape of the park is rich and diverse. The highest peak in the park is Eagle Peak, with an altitude of 3465m,[11]The largest lake in the park is Huangshi Lake, and the largest river is Huangshi River.In addition, there are canyons, waterfalls, hot springs and geysers in the park.Yellowstone Park is proudly called "the most unique magic park on the earth" by Americans. The park has convenient transportation, and the mountain road is more than 500 kilometers long.Combine the main scenic spots of each scenic spot.The hiking path is more than 1500 kilometers.
Huangshi Park Landscape
Geological conditions
Huangshi caldera is the largest volcanic system in North America.It is called“Supervolcano”Because this caldera is formed by extremely explosive eruption.Today's caldera was formed by a catastrophic eruption 640000 years ago.The eruption released 1000 cubic kilometers of volcanic ash, rock and pyroclastic material.A volcanic crater with a depth of nearly 1 km and a width of 84 × 45 km was formed, and lava stream tuff was deposited.The most violent volcanic eruption occurred 2.1 million years ago.The eruption ejected 2450 cubic kilometers of volcanic material, produced the rock called the black fruit wood mountain tuff and formed the island park caldera.1.2 million years ago, a smaller eruption ejected 280 cubic kilometers of volcanic material, forming Henry's forked caldera and depositing Mesa Falls tuff.[10]
From 630000 to 700000 years ago, the Huangshi caldera was almost filled with periodic eruptions of rhyolitic lava. Such rhyolitic lava can be seen in the basalt lava seen on the obsidian cliff and the goat eater cliff.Lava stratum is the most easily seen rock in the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone Park.Huangshi River continues to carve these ancient lava flows.The Grand Canyon is a typical V-shaped valley.This indicates that the Grand Canyon is river erosion, not erosion caused by glaciers.
Yellowstone Park contains the most active geysers in the world——Norris Geyser Basin OfSteamboat Geyser 。Yellowstone Park has 300 geysers, and there are at least 10000 geothermal landforms in total.Half of the geothermal terrain and two-thirds of the world's geysers are concentrated in Yellowstone Park.[10]
Colorful Spring with Large Prism
In 2003, changes in Norris Geyser Basin led to the temporary closure of some trails in the basin.Scientists have observed new volcanic vents, and several geysers have increased activity and water temperature.Several of the geysers became so hot that they were transformed into pure steam.On March 10, 2004, a biologist found five dead bison breathing toxic hot gas.They are trapped in Norris Geyser Basin due to a seasonal air warming.This happened immediately after a sharp increase in seismic activity in April 2004.In 2006, it was reported that the Green Head Duck Lake Dome and Suoxi Dome - the two areas have shown significant changes in ground movement for a long time - increased at a rate of 3.8-6.1 cm every year from the middle of 2004 to 2006.Since the end of 2007, the uplift has continued at a slower rate.These events caused a lot of media attention and speculation on the geographical characteristics of the region.The danger of volcanic eruptions will not increase in the near future.[10]
On July 11, 2014, the "underground super volcano" in Yellowstone National Park continuously released huge heat, coupled with the local hot summer climate, resulting in the "melting" of a section of asphalt road about 5 kilometers long.The road melting into mush made the staff close several tourist attractions in the park, and tourists were also warned not to enter these areas. The high temperature of climbing made the water boil.This is not the first time that the roads in Yellowstone Park have been damaged due to geological phenomena, but the damage degree of Firehole Lake Drive is almost unprecedented, and it will take many days to repair.The park management department said that although this section of road looks very solid, it has been unable to drive, and many sections are as soft as "mud".At the same time, the same is true of the roadside land. Some seemingly solid places may even cause tourists to fall directly into the hot groundwater.[12]
Yellowstone Park experiences thousands of small earthquakes every year.Since historical records, there have been six earthquakes with a magnitude of at least 6 or above, including the 7.5 magnitude earthquake that struck just outside the northwest boundary of Yellowstone Park in 1959.The earthquake triggered a huge landslide, causing the collapse of some dams in Hebgen Lake;The sediment of the landslide blocked the river immediately downstream and formed a new lake, called the earthquake lake.The earthquake caused some geysers in the northwest of Yellowstone Park to erupt, forming huge cracks on the ground and emitting steam, while some hot springs, usually with clear water, became turbid.On June 30, 1975, a 6.1 magnitude earthquake occurred in Huangshi Park, but the damage was minimal.In 1985, for three consecutive months, during the period known as earthquake swarms and the slight subsidence of Huangshi caldera, scientists detected 3000 minor earthquakes in the northwest of Huangshi Park.In the seven consecutive days since April 30, 2007, scientists have detected 16 small earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.7 at the Huangshi Pohuoshan Pass.These earthquake swarms are very common.Between 1983 and 2008, there were 70 such small earthquake swarms in Huangshi Park.In December 2008, over a four-day period, scientists detected more than 250 earthquakes under Huangshi Lake.The largest earthquake has a magnitude of 3.9.In January 2010, scientists detected more than 250 earthquakes in a two-day period.The seismic activity in Yellowstone National Park continues, and the USGS Earthquake Risk Program reports on seismic activity every hour.[10]
Climatic characteristics
The climate of Yellowstone Park is greatly affected by its latitude, and low altitude places are warm all year round.The highest recorded temperature was 37 ℃ in 2002, while the lowest recorded temperature was minus 54 ℃ in 1933.During the summer from June to early September, the maximum temperature in the daytime is usually 21 ℃ to 27 ℃, while the minimum temperature at night may be lower than the freezing point (0 ℃), especially in high altitude areas.Thunderstorms often accompany the afternoon in summer.The temperature range in spring and autumn is between minus 1 ℃ and 16 ℃, because the temperature in cold nights is between minus 5 ℃ and minus 20 ℃.The winter in Huangshi Park is very cold, and the maximum temperature is usually between minus 20 ℃ and minus 5 ℃, while the night temperature is lower than minus 20 ℃ most of the time in winter.[13]
The precipitation in Yellowstone Park varies greatly, from 380mm a year near Mammoth Hot Spring to 2000mm in the southwest of the park.The precipitation of Yellowstone Park is greatly affected by the wet waterline of the Snake River Plain to the west. Conversely, this waterline is also formed by Yellowstone Park itself.It is possible to snow in Yellowstone Park in any month of the year. The annual average snowfall varies from 3800 mm near Yellowstone Lake to twice that at higher elevations.[13]
Tornadoes in Yellowstone Park are very rare;However, on July 21, 1987, the strongest tornado recorded in Wyoming landed in the Teton Wilderness of Bridger Teton National Forest Park, and attacked Yellowstone National Park, which is called Teton Yellowstone Tornado.The tornado was classified as F4, with wind speed between 333 km and 420 km per hour.The tornado left a destruction route of 1.6 km to 3.2 km wide and 39 km long, and razed 6100 hectares of mature pine forests to the ground.[13]
Winter in Yellowstone Park
forest fire
During the summer of 1988, the Yellowstone Park fire was the largest fire in the Yellowstone National Park since records began. Under the effects of wind intensification and drought, several independent hill fires lost control successively, and the flames spread rapidly, finally forming a fire that burned for several months.It was not until the late autumn of the same year that the damp weather was completely extinguished.The fire caused serious losses, and nearly 321272 hectares were affected by these wildfires.The disaster area accounts for about 36% of the total area of Huangshi Park.This led to a systematic reassessment of fire management policies.On August 20, 1988 - "Black Saturday" - the strong wind quickly expanded the fire, and more than 61000 hectares of parks were burned down.[14]
In this fire, thousands of firefighters were involved in the fire fighting task, reaching 9000 at the peak.Among the rescue members, exceptNational Park ServiceIn addition to the staff of other relevant land management agencies, more than 4000 American soldiers also joined the ranks.In addition, dozens of helicopters and aircraft also participated in the fire fighting mission, mainly spraying water and blocking the fire.According to the post disaster statistics, the total cost of the entire fire fighting project was 120 million dollars.
Yellowstone is covered with about 85% forest.Sporadic patches of Pinus sylvestris are distributed in the lowest terrain, while Cathaya argyrophylla is distributed in the higher altitude, and spruce grows in the wettest mountain area.Although silver fir and spruce are beautiful, they can't resist mountain fire. The fire in 1988 engulfed the forest of Yellowstone Park.The silver fir and spruce were soon driven out of the fire ridden area and into higher mountains.However, some experts believe that the fire has created an ecological opportunity for the forest, which has brought many benefits to the entire ecosystem, especially the recycling of nutrients.Without this forest fire, many species here may slowly "starve to death".
Lodgepole pine It is the final winner of all previous ecological wars. Although they are also easy to be burned to death by mountain fires, it is ready for death and rebirth. Its solid pinecones can store seeds for 3-9 years. Once the smoke is gone and the mountain fire is extinguished, the pinecones will crack and spread the seeds on the vast cleared ground. So,A new generation immediately emerged from the ashes.Therefore, American black pine can not only stick to its own territory, but also expand its territory after each fire.It almost occupied the whole park and showed its wonderful life indomitably.
Yellowstone Buffalo is the largest public bison herd in the United States.Bison once reached 30 million to 60 million in the whole North America, and Yellowstone Park is still one of their last strongholds.The number of bison in Yellowstone Park has grown from less than 50 in 1902 to 4000 in 2003, 4900 in 2005, and 3000 in 2008.Yellowstone Park bison herd is considered to be one of the only four free walking cattle herds in North America and is genetically pure bred.[15]
Since 1914, in order to protect the population of red deer, the United States Congress has allocated funds for the purpose of "eliminating wolves, prairie dogs and other animals harmful to agriculture and animal husbandry" on public land.The hunters of the Park Service carried out these orders, and by 1926, they had killed 136 wolves, and the wolves had actually been eliminated from Yellowstone Park.Further eradication continued until 1935, when the National Park Service ended the practice.With the adoption of the Endangered Species Ordinance in 1973, wolves were among the first mammals on the list.By the 1990s, the federal government had completely changed its view of wolves.The US Fish and Wildlife Service (which oversees extinct and endangered species) made a controversial decision to importCanadian TimberwolvesIt was reintroduced into Yellowstone Park.As the wolf pack has remained relatively stable, efforts to reintroduce have been successful.A survey conducted in 2005 reported that there were 13 wolves in Yellowstone Park, with a total number of 118, and there were 326 wolves in the whole Yellowstone ecosystem.The number of wolves in the park is lower than that reported in 2004, but this number may be the result of wolves migrating to other nearby areas.As demonstrated by the significant increase in wolf populations in Montana during this period.Almost all recorded wolves are descendants of 66 wolves reintroduced from 1995 to 1996.[15]
The staff estimates that there are about 600 in the Dahuangshi ecosystemNorth American grizzly bear, more than half of the population live in Yellowstone Park.The North American grizzly bear is listed as an endangered species. However, the US Fish and Wildlife Service has announced that it intends to remove the North American grizzly bear from the list of endangered species in Yellowstone, but it may remain on the list of areas that have not yet been fully recovered.Those who oppose the removal of the North American grizzly bear from the list worry that these states may again allow hunting and that better conservation measures need to be implemented to ensure the sustainable development of the population.[15]
Red deerThe number of its population exceeds 30000 - the largest mammal in Yellowstone Park.Since the mid-1990s, the population in the north has been greatly reduced;This is due to wolves' predation and red deer's use of larger forest areas to escape the causal effect of predation, which makes it more difficult for researchers to accurately calculate them.Red deer in the north migrate westward to southwest Montana in winter.The red deer in the south migrate to the south, and most of these red deer are in the National Red Deer Remnant Species Reserve near the southeast of Grand Teton National Park.The migration of southern red deer is the largest mammal migration left by the United States outside Alaska.[15]
A total of 322 bird species were reported to have been found in Huangshi area, about half of which nest in parks.Up to 1999, 26 pairs have been recorded in the parkVultureThe nest of.It also records the extremely rareAmerican craneThere are 385 of them in the world, but only 3 of them live in the Rocky Mountains.includeCommon Loon 、Ugly Duck、neotropic cormorant 、peregrine falconandtrumpeter swan Some other birds have received special attention because they are very rare in Huangshi.
fish
There are 18 kinds of fish in Huangshi, includingHuangshi Mountain TroutThis kind of fish is very popular with fishing enthusiasts.The Huangshi Mountain trout has faced several threats since the 1980s, including those suspected of illegal introduction into Huangshi LakeLake troutThis invasive species will adversely affect the survival of small mountain trout.Although the United States government in 1890Shoshone Lake Lake trout has been bred in Lake Lewis, but it has never been officially introduced into the Huangshi River basin.Since 2001, the law has stipulated that any local fish species in the waters of Huangshi area are only allowed to be released immediately after catching or fishing.
reptile
Yellowstone Park is also home to six reptiles, such asBrocade tortoise(Chrysemys picta）AndGrassland rattlesnake(Crotalus viridis）And four amphibians, including the habitat of frogs distributed in the northern mountains of the Northern Hemisphere.
Botany
85% of the total area of Yellowstone Park is covered byforest。Most trees areLodgepole pine (also calledPinus contortus）This is a tree with strong vitality.The biggest disaster of the plants growing in Yellowstone Park is the forest fire.It is precisely because of the raging mountain fire that many tree species are increasingly sparsely distributed.However, with its tenacious vitality, Pinus contortus not only survives, but also expands its territory year by year. This is because the bark of Pinus contortus is thin, brittle, and easy to burn. Therefore, once a fire occurs, it is difficult to escape like other trees.However, it stores the seeds with firm and tight pinecones.These pinecones can preserve seeds for 3 to 9 years.American black pine grows very closely, just like sugarcane forest.For example, in this forest, each tree has a diameter of 1.2-2.4 meters, a height of 30 meters, and an average age of 175 years.Due to the lack of sunlight, the branches below withered and fell off as soon as they grew out.
Gentian pineIt is another widely distributed tree species.This kind of tree has a strong adaptability, and grows very fast. It can grow in a variety of climate and soil conditions.On the most dangerous hillside where mountain fires often occur, they are also colorful and lush.In the Rocky Mountains, almost every summer, thousands of square kilometers of gentian pine are engulfed by fire, but "the wild fire never burns out, and the spring wind blows again", and new life rises rapidly in the ashes.
Picea americanaandSubalpine silver firThese two kinds of trees are widely distributed in the western United States, climbing every high mountain.However, the two trees have a common weakness. They are very afraid of mountain fires.Because their bark is very thin, and the seeds are sown as soon as they mature every year, both the trees and their seeds are mercilessly devoured in case of fire.For this reason, they were soon driven out of the fire ridden areas.After the 21st century, people can only see them in high altitude mountains or wet places, where they are most vulnerable to fire.
There are more than 1700 kinds of trees and others in the parkVascular plant, and about 170 species are considered to belong toalien species 。There are 8 kinds of recordsPine and cypressClass plants, 80% of all forest areas are black pine forests.Other coniferous forests such asAlpine fir、engelmann spruce 、Rocky Mountains Douglas firandwhite bark pineScattered groves were found throughout the park.As of 2007,white bark pineIs caused by a fungusBlister rustThreat, but this situation is basically limited to the north and west of the forest.Compared with the situation that almost all of the northwest Montana are invaded by this fungus, only about 7% of the white pines in Yellowstone Park are affected.
Botany
Arboreal
There are eight coniferous species in the park.U.S.ALodgepole pine It accounts for 80% of the whole forest area.In the scattered forest land of the whole park, except for the pinus contortus, otherconiferous forest, such as subalpineFirEngelmann spruce, Rocky Mountain Douglas fir andwhite bark pineEtc.As of 2007, Pinus bungeana was threatened by a fungus called blister rust of Pinus bungeana;However, this blister rust is mostly confined to the north and west of the forest.About 7% of the white pine trees in Yellowstone Park have been affected by this fungus. In contrast, northwest Montana has been almost completely invaded.Trembling poplarandWillowIt is the most common species of deciduous trees in the park.Since the beginning of the 20th century, aspen forests have declined sharply, but scientists at Oregon State University attributed the recovery of aspen to the reintroduction of wolves.Because wolves have changed the habit of local red deer eating grass.[16]
Pinus contortus
Flowering plant
The park has identified dozens of flowering plants, most of which bloom between May and September.Of whichYellowstone verbenaIt is a flowering plant found only in Huangshi area.Usually, the species closely related to it live in warmer areas, which makes the verbena grass here even more a mystery.About 8000 of these rare plants grow on the sandy soil along the Huangshi Lake.[16]
Verbena officinalis
Alien plant
About 170 species are believed to belong toalien species 。These plants includeAceraceae、Agave、Amaranthus retroflexus、Chinese bellflower、Bellflower、Cannabinaceae、CaryophyllaceaeSome plants of families and genera have formed varieties locally.Sometimes, non-native plants threaten native species by depleting nutrient resources.Although, with the largest human visit, most of the alien species are generally found in this area, such as near roads and major tourist areas, and they also spread to remote areas.Generally speaking, most alien species are controlled by pulling out plants in the soil or spraying pesticides to kill plants, but both of them are time-consuming, laborious and expensive.[16-17]
Small yucca
microorganism
In the hot springs of Huangshi, trillions of bacteria form mats in various strange shapes. These bacteria are the most primitive life forms on the earth.Flies And othersArthropodaLiving on these mats is no exception even in severe winter.At first, scientists thought that microorganisms could only get nutrition from sulfur, but in 2005University of Colorado at Boulder Of researchers found that at least someSuperheatSpecies can also derive energy from hydrogen molecules.
Thermus aquaticus It is a kind of bacteria found in Huangshi Hot Spring, which can produce an importantTaq enzyme, can be used inpolymerase chain reaction Copy in processDNA。The search for these bacteria will not have any impact on the existing ecosystem. Scientists are also studying other bacteria in Huangshi Hot Spring, hoping to find treatments for a variety of diseases.
natural landscape
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Five scenic spots
Yellowstone Park is divided into five areas: northwestMammoth Hot SpringIt is mainly composed of limestone steps, so it is also called hot step area;The Northeast is Roosevelt District, which still retains the old western landscape;In the middle is the canyon area, where you can enjoy the Huangshi Grand Canyon and waterfalls;SoutheastYellowstone Lake , mainly lakes and mountains;The west and southwest are the geyser areas, which are full of geysers, hot springs, steam, hot water pools, mud and air vents.
The landscape in Yellowstone Park is rich. The scenic spots include the magnificent Old Faithful Geyser, the colorful Grand Prismatic Spring, the quiet Yellowstone Lake, the rushing Yellowstone Waterfall, the magnificent Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, and the beautiful Mammoth Hot Spring.In addition, as the largest wildlife reserve in the United States, Yellowstone Park is home to a large number of wild animals. In Yellowstone Park, herds of bison are seen most frequently, and red deer and antelope are often seen.People even have the chance to see reindeer fighting with their big solid horns, little black bears playing on the grassland, and eagles flying across the sky from time to time.
The park has a museum of historic sites and thousands of hot springs, which are rippling with water mist and hundreds of geysers spouting boiling water.Yellowstone Park is known as "the most beautiful surface on the earth" for its big prism and colorful spring.
Huangshi Park is a hotbed of geothermal activity, with more than 10000 geothermal features;The Rocky Mountains have created numerous beautiful mountains, rivers, waterfalls and canyons, and the limestone structure has added beautiful colors to the land;Countless wild animals endow it with endless life. This is the hometown of Wyoming BeastsNorth AmericaEven the largest and most diverse mammal habitat on land in the world.
Pohutu Geyser
The geothermal landscape of Huangshi Park is the most famous in the world.Thousands of boiling springs and deep pools with blue water are surging, and the mountain sounds are boiling, like a furnace of flame burning.HundredsGeyserBoiling water spouts and steam billows, like inverted waterfalls, which gush out from the hot and dark underground world from time to time.Some geysers have magnificent water columns, like towering trees, with diameters ranging from 1.5 meters to 18 meters and heights ranging from 45 meters to 90 meters.The huge force can make it last for several minutes at such a height, and some can last for nearly an hour.[18]
Yellowstone Park has the most hot springs in the world, with more than 3000 hot springs, mud springs and more than 300 geysers erupting regularly.In particular, geysers are the pride of Huangshi.The terrain of Yellowstone Park is basically concave, and there is a lot of snow in winter, providing it with abundant underground water sources.The water on the ground is easy to flow into and infiltrate into the ground, and finally flows to the deep underground where the temperature is much higher than the boiling point. With the continuous heating of geothermal energy, it changes from cold to hot, and turns into steam after boiling.Under great pressure, steam has to find a way out.If the steam is blocked by the flowing water, the quality of the water will prevent the steam from escaping from the gap.After a period of time, because the pressure and heat of the steam kept increasing, it finally came out with the spring water, which formed a geyser.When a typical geyser is about to erupt, people can see that water flows out of the small hole first, or the water flow suddenly increases, and then thunder comes from deep underground, which means that steam has broken through the water barrier.Then, the water column at the nozzle is thrown up by the steam, lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes.At the same time as the water column erupts and for a period of time after, you can still hear the roaring of water vapor, as if it is venting your excitement.Finally, the underground pressure is relieved, and the power of steam jet disappears, so the water starts to fill the nozzle again, blocking the way out of the steam, and brewing the next eruption.[18]
Regardless of the shape, size, winter or summer, and weather conditions, all geysers rise and fall day and night, as if dancing rhythmically.These are the most peculiar flowers cultivated by the Creator. They bloom all the year round and never feel tired and tired.[18]
yellowstone canyon
Huangshi Canyon is located between the fishing bridge and the tower. The steep canyon caused by the river flowing from Huangshi Lake and flowing through about 38 kilometers is generally called Huangshi Grand Canyon.This is the most magnificent and beautiful scenery of Yellowstone Park.The Huangshi River, 97 kilometers long, is "the only river in the United States without a dam".Here, the river suddenly becomes fast, breaking through the splashing water and forming two magnificent waterfalls, which roar into the Grand Canyon.One of the two waterfalls is 130 meters high. This is the upper waterfall;The other is 100 meters high and is called the Lower Waterfall.[18]
The Huangshi River runs through the volcanic rocks, and the long-term strong erosion has formed the magnificent Huangshi Grand Canyon. The canyon is extremely steep and impressive, reaching a depth of 60 meters, a width of 200 meters, and a length of about 32 kilometers.For those who come to watch this famous section of river, the most fascinating thing is neither the depth and shape of the canyon nor the rushing waterfalls. The most unforgettable thing is the strange and colorful weathered volcanic rocks.The wall of the gorge is shining from head to foot, dazzling in the sun.White, yellow, green, blue, vermilion, as well as countless kinds of colors blended with red.There are millions of tons of rocks in front of us, but everything seems to be painted with oil paint, as if we are exposed to the wind and the sun without scruple. The color is so bright, and the solid color will neither be washed away nor fade due to the wind and the sun.[18]
Huangshi Grand Canyon
Yellowstone Caldera
Yellowstone Caldera It is the largest and still active one in North AmericaSupervolcanoIn the past two million years, it has broken out several times with great force.Lava and ash also covered most of the park.Thanks to its continuous active state, half of the world's geothermal resources are located in the Huangshi Park area.Yellowstone Park is also the core of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, which is the largest and still nearly intact natural ecosystem in the northern temperate zone.
Yellowstone Volcano is located in the northwest of Wyoming in the Midwest of the United States, covering an area of nearly 9000 square kilometers. Centered on the west thumb in the west of Yellowstone Lake, it is 15 miles east to west, 50 miles south to north, forming a huge crater and the largest active volcano in the world.Under this crater lies a magma reservoir with a diameter of about 70km and a thickness of about 10km. This huge magma reservoir is only 8km away from the ground, and is still expanding. Since 1923, the ground in some areas of Yellowstone Park has risen by 70cm.
Main attractions
Main scenic spots and attractions of Huangshi National Park
Huangshi ParkDistrict Court of Wyoming, United States of America(English: United States District Court for the District of Wyoming)Federal District Court(Wyoming, Montana, Idaho).
Since 1872, the park management office has adopted the policy of "Let it Burn" for Yellowstone Park. As long as it is not caused by human factors and does not endanger human life and property, the patrolmen in the park will not interfere and let it survive.
research center
Yellowstone's Heritage and Research Center is located in Gardner, Montana, near the park's north entrance.The center is the headquarters of the museum collection, archives, research library, historian, archaeology laboratory and herbarium of Huangshi National Park.The Huangshi National Park Archives keeps collections of historical records of the Huangshi region and the National Park Administration.These collections include the management records of Yellowstone National Park, the world's first national park, as well as the records of resource management, major projects, donated manuscripts and personal letters.The Archives is affiliated with the National Archives of the United States.[14]
natural heritage
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In 1978, according to the natural heritage selection criteria (Ⅶ) (Ⅷ) (Ⅸ) (Ⅹ), Yellowstone National Park wasUNESCOIncluded《World Heritage List》No. 28World Natural Heritage, becomeAmerican World Heritageone of.Heritage description: The vast natural forest in Yellowstone National Park covers an area of about 9000 square kilometers, of which 96% is located in Wyoming, 3% is located in Montana, and 1% is located in Idaho.Huangshi National Park has more than 10000 geothermal resources, half of which are known.The National Park is also the most concentrated place of geysers in the world, with more than 300 geysers, accounting for about two-thirds of the total number of geysers on the earth.Yellowstone National Park was built in 1872. It is also famous for its biodiversity, including grizzly bears, wolves, bison and red deer.[23]
Assessment report: report of the second session of the World Heritage Committee.Report of the World Heritage Committee on its 19th session.
4 kilometers away from the northeast boundary of the park, the planned mining will affect and threaten the park.
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Illegal introduction to non localspecies——LacustrineRed spotted salmonAnd localSpiny throat salmonCompetition.
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Road construction and tourist pressure.
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BisonPrussillosisIt may endanger livestock in surrounding areas.
World Conservation UnionIn the letter requesting the World Heritage Committee to intervene to prevent mining on February 28, 1995, there was also a more detailed description of the various other threats facing Yellowstone Park in addition to mining threats:
Potential geothermal exploitation and other underground water drilling outside the park are threatening the world-famous geothermal resources of the park.
Logging, oil and gas exploitation, road building, mining, residential buildings and new residential areas continue to encroach on the sensitive wilderness and important wildlife habitat around the park, and the health and integrity of the park depend on it.
The destruction of the ecological environment and the increasing conflict between people and bears have harmed the already threatenedGrizzlies。
Bison that can roam everywhere in the park are usually slaughtered if they cross the park boundary.
The illegal introduction of lake salmon threatens the original stinging throat salmon in Huangshi, which is an important food resource for grizzly bears, small mammals and birds.
There is a huge waste accumulation in the upstream area just a few miles away from the northeast boundary of Huangshi. Despite several attempts to clean up, heavy metals and acid pollutants continue to leach into the SodaButte stream.
The increasing number of visits and investigations throughout the year has caused overcrowding problems, disturbing wildlife.
Yellowstone Park was officially listed《Endangered World Heritage》, forcing the Clinton administration to make an unprecedented decision to stop mining by exchanging federal property with property owned by the gold mining company.In 1996, the Clinton administration purchased the private land planned to mine for 65 million dollars, effectively removing the threat of gold mines to Yellowstone National Park.Other reports on the threat of governance to Yellowstone Park have also been submitted to the World Heritage Committee, including the temporary bison management plan, the establishment of the national/federal temporary emergency committee, and the "Great Yellowstone National Park Prudential Disease Committee", which has made great progress in solving other problems.However, Yellowstone National Park was still not removed from the list until June 2003 becauseWorld Heritage CommitteeIt is believed that, in addition to the success of the anti mining proposal, other threats mentioned are still ongoing.
The decision of the World Heritage Committee to list Yellowstone National Park on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger has promoted non-governmental organizations to seek international support to stop mining.For the first time, it provides a way for scientific expertise to be guided and shared by the public.It involved the major federal agencies of the United States in public places, forcing them to take a position on the gold mine proposal.The success has also made more and more people take the initiative to pay attention to the survival status of world heritage.
The 27th session held in July 2003World Heritage ConferenceOn the other hand, 36% of the total area of Yellowstone Park was destroyed by the fire in 1988. After heated debate, Yellowstone National Park was conditionally removed from the Endangered World Heritage.
Yellowstone National Park is mainly located in the United StatesWyomingDomestic, partially locatedMontanaandIdahoNational Park.Yellowstone National Park covers an area of about 9000 square kilometers, including lakes, canyons, rivers and mountains.The largest lake in the park is Yellowstone Lake in the center of Yellowstone Volcano, which is one of the largest high-altitude lakes in North America.Huangshi Volcano is the largest and still active super volcano in North America. In the past two million years, it has erupted several times with huge force, and the ejected lava and ash also covered most areas in the park. Thanks to its continuous active state, half of the geothermal resources in the world are located in the Huangshi Park area.
Yellowstone Park is rich in landforms and changeable in climate, with snow covered slopes and hot geysers nearby.The tourist attractions that cannot be missed include the magnificent Old Faithful Geyser, the colorful prism, the tranquil Huangshi Lake, the rushing Huangshi Waterfall, the magnificent Huangshi Grand Canyon, and the beautiful Mammoth Hot Spring.In addition, as the largest wildlife reserve in the United States, Yellowstone Park is home to a large number of wild animals. In Yellowstone Park, herds of bison are seen most frequently, and red deer and antelope are often seen.The park has dense forests and is the most successful wildlife reserve in the world. Sometimes, grizzly or black bears can be found in the deep of the park or on the road.
Yellowstone National Park on March 1, 1872Ulysses Simpson GrantIt was established after signing the bill passed by the Congress and officially named as the national park for protecting wildlife and natural resources. It is the first national park in the world(Guinness World Records)。Huangshi Park is famous for its rich wildlife and geothermal resources,Old Faithful GeyserIt is also one of the most famous scenic spots.In 1978, it was listed in the World Heritage List as a natural heritage.
Selection criteria (vii):
The extraordinary scenery of Yellowstone Park includes the world's largest geyser, Yellowstone River Grand Canyon, numerous waterfalls and huge wildlife groups.
Selection criteria (viii):
Yellowstone Park is the most important research and evaluation in the worldEarth evolution historyOne of the locations of.The park has unparalleled surface in the worldGeothermal energyActivities, thousands of hot springs, mud pits and volcanic vents, and more than half of the world's active geysers.Nearly 150 plant fossils, ranging from small ferns to large redwoods and many other species, have been identified in the park's rich fossil sediments.The largest known crater in the world (45km by 75km) is in the park.
Selection criteria (ix):
The park is one of the few complete large-scale ecosystems in the north temperate zone of the earth.Natural succession is allowed for all plants in the park, without direct management.Forest fires, if caused by lightning, are often allowed to burn where possible to allow the natural effects of fires to maintain themselves periodically.The bison in the park is the only wild, continuously free range bison herd. They once covered the Great Plains, and together with the wild animals in other parks, they are one of the most attractive places.
Selection criteria (x):
Yellowstone National Park has become one of the most important refuges for rare animal and plant species in North America, as well as a model of ecosystem processes.GrizzliesIt is one of the most deeply researched and understood bears in the world.This research enables people to have a deeper understanding of the interdependence of ecosystems.The protection of animals and plants in the park, as well as the natural processes that affect their number and distribution, can enable biological evolution to proceed with minimal human impact.
Evaluation of the World Heritage Committee:
The vast natural forests in Yellowstone National Park cover an area of about 9000 square kilometers, of which 96% are located in Wyoming, 3% in Montana and 1% in Idaho.Huangshi National Park has more than 10000 geothermal resources, half of which are known.The National Park is also the most concentrated place of geysers in the world, with more than 300 geysers, accounting for about two-thirds of the total number of geysers on the earth.Yellowstone National Park was built in 1872. It is also famous for its biodiversity, including grizzly bears, wolves, bison and red deer.[24-25]
tourist guide
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matters needing attention
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Make way for wild animals.In order to protect animals, the vehicle speed must be maintained unless there is another deceleration sign affixed.The maximum speed in Huangshi is 70km/h, in case that animals suddenly rush out of the road without enough time to brake.
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Please pay attention to the parking area.If you see wildlife or scenery while driving, you must pull over.There are many "turn out" points on the road of Huangshi, which are protruding from the roadside and can be parked.Never park directly on the road to watch animals, so as not to block the traffic.
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Common roads.Cycling in Yellowstone Park should be done in a row.The driver shall keep the distance between the vehicle and bicycles and roadside pedestrians more than 1.0m, especially for vehicles with large detachable side view mirrors.
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keep apart.Don't get too close to wild animals.It must be more than 91 meters away from carnivores and more than 23 meters away from herbivores.No matter how far away you are, if any wildlife in the park changes its behavior due to your presence, it means you are too close.If a bonfire is needed, it is only allowed to light it at the designated place of the camp (the special bonfire frame in the camp).
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Please do not feed any wild animals in Yellowstone Park, including birds.The food consumed by human beings is unhealthy, and will lead to the scramble behavior that may need to take control measures.All food, garbage, coolers and cooking tools must be safely placed in bear proof containers unless they are to be used immediately.Do not feed wild animals.Chinese people must pay special attention to this!Because once wild animals "fall in love" with human food, they will easily change their lifestyle, with unimaginable consequences.
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Walk on the specified path.That means don't climb wild mountains.Stay on the footpath and plank plank path designated by the park.The ground of Huangshi geothermal area is brittle and thin, and there is hot water right below.Tourists who once came to Huangshi fell down and died here.Please take your child with you.
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Don't swim wild.Huangshi's rivers and lakes are natural, so don't go into the water easily.And you must buy a license to row and fish.Swimming in many areas of Huangshi is unsafe and prohibited.The waters of the park may seem cold and turbulent.All vessels and buoys require permission.
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When you enjoy the fun along the way, please pay attention to the presence of bears.The collective hiking in Huangshi is safer for you.In areas with limited vision, please listen carefully to the surrounding movement.If you suddenly encounter a bear in the wild, please do not run about.Please bring bear spray and know how to use it safely.
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Keep an eye on your pet.Pets are not allowed to be carried in the wild of the park or on the footpath or plank path of the geothermal basin.Even in permitted places, pets must be kept within 30.5 meters of the road or parking lot.Do not leave your pet unattended or tied to an object.Pet owners must be responsible for collecting and disposing of pet feces.
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Mobile phone services may be provided in the Grand Canyon, Mammoth Hot Springs and Old Faithful areas of Yellowstone Park.Internet Wi Fi is not available in tourist centers, rural inns, national monuments or historic accommodation.Franchised places can provide charged Wi Fi services.[26]
Visitor Information
Due to the rich terrain of the park, the types of tourist activities can hardly be listed one by one. From camping in the mountains and forests to fishing, boating, wildlife observation (such as American bison, big horn deer, red deer, etc. often appear near the tourist center), many tourists can enjoy memorable experience in Huangshi National Park.
The mountain road in the park is more than 500 kilometers long, connecting the main scenic spots of each scenic spot. The hiking path is more than 1500 kilometers, and Huangshi Lake, Shawsoni Lake, Snake River and Huangshi River are distributed among them.The park is surrounded by the state-owned forests of Custer, Shoshone, Titon, Tay, Beaverhead and Galatin.The original landscape of Yellowstone Park, tempered by water and fire, is called "the most wonderful and spectacular scenery on the surface of the earth" and described as "beyond the limits of human art".
Huangshi National Park Management Office has many warnings for tourists, one of which is not to approach dangerous animals (when animals notice you, it means you are too close), and not to stay in dangerous areas. The temperature of many geothermal types has reached boiling point, and the gas may be toxic. In 2004,Five bison died after inhaling toxic geothermal gas in the park.
There are 11 towns near the park boundary of Yellowstone National Park that provide accommodation. There are also small hotels, cabins and campsites in the park, among which the most popular is the Old Faithful Hotel. There is a good view of the Old Faithful Fountain in the room. There are 11 campsites in total, and only one camp for family travel trailers.
Opening Hours
All opening and closing dates may change depending on future conditions, staffing levels or public health guidance.Except 11/11 (Veterans Day) and 11/27 (Thanksgiving Day), Yellowstone Park in the United States is basically open all year round, but not every entrance is open all year round.There are five entrances to Yellowstone National Park. The opening hours of each entrance to Yellowstone National Park in 2022 are as follows:
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Opening time of the east gate: March 1, 2022 (winter) Closing time: November 22, 2022 (winter)
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West Gate Opening Time: March 15, 2022 (Winter) Closing Time: November 15, 2022 (Winter)
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Opening time of the north gate: year-round
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Opening time of the Northeast Gate: open all year round (from the intersection of Cook City to Joseph Chieftain Scenic Area to Changhu Gate is closed from winter to the end of May)
Please note that:The opening hours of all scenic spots in Huangshi depend on the specific weather conditions.In winter, the roads in Yellowstone Park are closed at 9 p.m.[27-28]
traffic
Huangshi Airport: the airport code is WYS, only 2 miles north of West Huangshi Town outside the west gate of Huangshi Park, which is the nearest airport to Huangshi Park.If you choose to fly to this airport, you can arrive at the west entrance of Huangshi in the shortest time and enter Huangshi.The airport provides car rental, catering, accommodation and other services.
Pozeman Airport: airport code BZN, also known as Gallatin Field Airport, is located in Pozeman, Montana, and is one of the main airports that most tourists arrive at when they go to Yellowstone Park.It takes about 90 minutes to drive from the airport to the north gate of Huangshi Park. The airport is open all year round.
Yellowstone Regional Airport: The airport code is YRA. The Yellowstone Regional Airport is located in Cody Town, Wyoming, about 60 miles east of Yellowstone Park. The airport is open all year round.[37]
Jackson Hole Airport: The airport code is JAC. Jackson Hole Airport is located at the foot of the spectacular Teton Mountains, in Jackson Hole Town, south of the Grand Teton National Park.It is about 60 miles from the south gate of Yellowstone Park, and the airport is open all year round.
Idaho Falls Airport: Airport code IDA, located in Idaho Falls, Idaho, southwest of Yellowstone Park, is about 110 miles away from Yellowstone Park. The airport is open all year round.
Billings Airport: the airport code BIL is located in Billings, Montana, about 120 miles northeast of Yellowstone Park. The airport is open all year round.
Recommended route
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From Old Faithful Spring to Mammoth Hot Spring Scenic Spot.Enter from the south gate and cross the continental watershed three times.The whole route passes through five hot springs, namely West Thumb, Upper, Middle and Lower Hot Springs and Norges.You can enjoy the world's largest fountain cluster.Among the scenic spots in the Black Sand Basin, Sunset Lake and Jade Pool attract many tourists with their dazzling brilliance. Mineral deposits that look like biscuits can be found in the Cookie Basin.They began to slowly re deposit after being destroyed by the changes caused by the earthquake.The forest seen at the roadside is mainly American black pine.Located at the west entrance of Yellowstone, Montana, 14 miles away from Madison Scenic Area, thousands of young trees can be seen along the road at the west entrance of the park, which grew naturally after the fire in 1988.From Madison to Norges, along the northwest edge of Yellowstone Calderon, you will pass through the Gibbon Falls.Norris Hot Spring is the hottest and most acidic water area in the park. Steamboat Hot Spring is the highest activity fountain in the world. Entering the porcelain basin hot spring is the highest temperature area in the park.A spectacular terrace composed of calcification can be seen on the upper terrace two kilometers away from Mammoth Hot Spring.The rough pines and cypresses in the lodging state are more than 500 years old.The exhibits at Albright Tourist Center demonstrate the wildlife and history of the park, including the protection of the park by the U.S. military from 1886 to 1916.
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From the Mammoth Hot Spring to the Roosevelt District and Canyon Village from west to east, and finally to the Yellowstone Lake.The area from Tapu to the northeast exit needs to pass through Lamar Valley, which is open all year round. In winter, it is the activity area of red deer and bison, and it is also easy to find wolves, bears, foxes, coyotes and other predators and their prey.It should be noted that the road from Ta Falls to Canyon Village will be temporarily closed from the middle of October to the end of May next year.Walking along the main road, you will pass through the Dunranven Pass, where there is a vast forest of flat topped white pines and towering subalpine firs.When the short summer in Yellowstone Park comes, wild flowers are in full bloom on the vast grassland.Yellowstone crater can be seen from the lookout tower of Washburn Hot Spring in the south of the pass.There is also Mount Washburn in the north, and the Red Mountain in the south of Huangshi. When the weather is fine, you can even see theGrand Teton National Park。
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It is the area of Yellowstone Lake. You can enter from the east gate and drive from east to west. You can reach the lake bank through the Sylvan Pass. It is observed that pika and yellow bellied marmot can be found in the rock fragments of the collapsed mountain slope.Although the underwater hydrothermal fluid gushes here, herons, eagles, osprey, wild ducks and other birds can be seen along the Pelican Creek near the Fishing Bridge.Rowing on Yellowstone Lake and other small lakes is OK, but you must apply for a permit for each vessel, including an inflatable floating tube.The park management department provides tourists with canoeing and kayaking programs.Most parts of this scenic spot present a bleak beauty of decline, like walking on the surface of the moon or other planets except the earth in a trance.The West Thumb Fountain Basin on the west side of Huangshi Lake is a famous scenic spot, integrating four kinds of hot springs: fountain, hot spring, steam spring and mud spring.Pay attention to safety when visiting this area. In addition to not leaving the plank path to avoid being scalded, do not get close to wild animals, and keep 25 yards away from them.
Tourism Map of Huangshi National Park
event
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On June 13, 2022, Yellowstone National Park was flooded, roads and bridges were damaged, power was cut off, tourists evacuated, and all five entrances to the park were closed.[32]According to the pictures released by the National Park Administration and the US media, on June 13, 2022, landslides in the northern half of Yellowstone National Park and nearby areas severely damaged local roads, some bridges were damaged by floods, and small houses were even washed away by floods.The National Park Service said on its website that all five entrances to Yellowstone National Park were closed.The Associated Press reported that park officials said on the 14th that more than 10000 tourists had evacuated the park as required.At present, the remaining dozens of campers in the park are evacuating.The National Park Service said there were no reports of casualties in the park.[33]On June 18 local time, the U.S. Yellowstone National Park Administration announced that the Yellowstone National Park will reopen at 8:00 a.m. local time on June 22 because of the relief of the flood disaster[34]。The National Park Service announced that it will carry out rapid restoration work to restore 80% of the park's area to traffic within two weeks. It is estimated that this alone will cost 50 million dollars, and the overall reconstruction cost in the future may be as much as 1 billion dollars.[36][35]
On December 23, 2023, Fox News reported that the body of a deer in Yellowstone National Park in the United States tested positive for a highly infectious prion in November. Some scientists raised concerns about this, saying that this deadly brain disease virus might infect humans.[38]
