MacArthur Genius Award

Awards established in 1981

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synonym MacArthur Fellow (Established in 1981) Generally refers to the MacArthur Talent Award

MacArthur Fellows Program or MacArthur Fellowship (commonly known as "genius award") is regarded as U.S.A Cross domain One of the highest awards.^[1]

The award was founded in 1981 and named in memory of John D. MacArthur, the founder of the Bank Life Disaster Company. It was established by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation,^[2] The foundation is headquartered in Chicago The prize is awarded to outstanding people with extraordinary creativity in various fields, and the winners are generally regarded as the leaders of the profession. The prize amount is 500000 dollars, and there are no additional conditions, and the winners are free to choose.

The MacArthur Talent Award aims to commend creative talents who play an important role in social development. It selects 20 to 25 outstanding people in various fields every year, and provides each person with a total prize of 500000 dollars in five years, so that they can continue to explore more freely. By 2010, there were 827 winners, ranging in age from 18 to 82.

Chinese name: MacArthur Genius Award
Foreign name: MacArthur Fellows Program or MacArthur Fellowship
Alias: MacArthur Fellow
Commonly known as: Genius Award

Creation time: 1981
Origin: Named in memory of John D. MacArthur
Headquarters location: Chicago, USA
Award: People with extraordinary creativity in various fields
Award amount: US $500000

catalog

▪ 2009
▪ 2010
▪ 2011
▪ 2012

three Chinese Winners

Selection system

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MacArthur Genius Award

The selection system of MacArthur Genius Award is very special. It is reviewed by private search and anonymous nomination. It does not require individuals to submit applications or interview, but only follows the selection criteria of achievement, originality and foresight. Winners who had no idea in advance were often at a loss when faced with "falling from the sky" honors and huge bonuses.

One of the winners in 2008, Developmental biology Susan Mungo once thought that this was a fraud organization after receiving the phone notification of the award.

Qualified

1、 With extraordinary creative ability ；

2、 Commit to make significant progress in the future based on a series of achievements;

3、 It has the potential to promote creative work in the future.

List over the years

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2008

The winners of this year are:

Susan Mungo, 47, is a developmental biologist. Leading the United States University of Utah Laboratory to conduct in-depth research on organ formation.

Stephen Houston, 49, anthropologist 。 Currently in the United States Brown University , spent decades deciphering Ma elegant verbiage At the same time, it explores the perception of human civilization.

Marin Solyacci, 34, is an optical physicist. Served in MIT , on Nanophotonics The field has advanced ideas.

Kirsten Bonbolis, 34, Plant evolution geneticist 。 Served at Max Planck Institute, Germany, mainly studying plants New species Origin.

Andre Gates, 43, Astrophysics Home. Working in the United States University of California , research focused on fixed star System and Galactic evolution 。

Alexei Kitayev, 45, a computer scientist. Working in the United States California Institute of Technology , specializing in Quantum physics calculation.

David Montgomery, 46, Geomorphology Home. Worked at the University of Washington, studying the relationship between time lapse and topographic changes.

Adam Leeds, 38, an astronomer. He is an expert in cosmic geometry at Johns Hopkins University.

Sally Temple, 49, Neurology Experts. Currently in New York neural stem cell Institute, dedicated to central nervous system Treatment of damage.

Rachel Wilson, 34, experimental Neurobiology Home. Served in Harvard University Medical school, the focus is Drosophila melanogaster The study of neural activity in the brain.

2009

September 24, 2009 MacArthur The MacArthur Genius Awards announced the list of 24 winners in 2009, including 35 year old female scholars from mainland China, members of the University of California, Berkeley and Cell Biology assistant professor He Lin (Lin He) is among them.

Among the 24 winners of this year, 7 scientists are:

Richard Prum， Male, 48 years old, Yale University Ornithologist ；

Lin He， Female, 35 years old, University of California, Berkeley Molecular biologist;

Peter Huybers， Male, 35 years old, Harvard University Climatologist;

L. Mahadevan， Male, 44 years old, applied mathematician of Harvard University;

John A. Rogers， Male, 42 years old, University of Illinois Applied physicist of Champaign University;

Daniel Sigman， Male, 40 years old, Princeton University Biogeochemist;

Beth Shapiro， Female, 33 years old, Pennsylvania State University Evolutionary biologist.

2010

The 23 winners in 2010 were from the disciplines of art, music, literature, history, physics, economics and computer. Song Xiaodong and Li Yiyun, two female scholars of Chinese origin from the University of California, were on the list and won a prize of 500000 US dollars respectively.

2011

Year 2011 MacArthur Fellow (MacArthur Fellows Program, commonly known as the "genius award"), a total of 24 winners, including 9 scientists.

Elodie Ghedin， U.S.A University of Pittsburgh Assistant professor;

Kevin Guskiewicz， U.S.A University of North Carolina Professor;

Markus Greiner， U.S.A Harvard University Assistant Professor, Department of Physics;

Matthew Nock， Professor, Department of Psychology, Harvard University;

Sarah Otto， Canada University of British Columbia Professor, Department of Zoology;

Shwetak Patel， U.S.A University of Washington Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering;

Melanie Sanford， U.S.A University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Professor of Department of Chemistry;

William Seeley， U.S.A University of California, San Francisco Associate Professor of Memory and Aging Center;

Yukiko Yamashita， University of Michigan Cell and Developmental biology Assistant professor of the department.

2012

Among the 23 winners of this year, 10 scientists are:

Maria Chudnovsky， Columbia University mathematician;

Eric Coleman， university of colorado Geriatrist;

Olivier Guyon， University of Arizona Photophysicists and astronomers;

Elissa Hallem， UCLA Neurobiologist;

Sarkis Mazmanian， California Institute of Technology Medical microbiologist;

Terry Plank， Geochemist, Columbia University;

Nancy Rabalais， University of Louisiana Maritime Association Marine ecology Home;

Daniel Spielman， Yale University Theoretical computer scientist;

Melody Swartz， Switzerland Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne Bioengineer;

Benjamin Warf， Boston Children's Hospital Pediatric neurosurgeon.

Chinese Winners

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Outstanding Chinese talents who won this award include:

Xu Bing

In 1999, he was the first Chinese to win the MAC ARTHUR AWARD, the highest award in American cultural circles.

Xu Bing

Xu Bing (1955 -) Zhejiang Province Wenling , born in Chongqing. Admitted in 1977 Printmaking Department of Central Academy of Fine Arts In 1981, he graduated and stayed in school to teach. In 1987, he received a master's degree from the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Accepted in 1990 University of Wisconsin I was invited to immigrate to the United States as an honorary artist. Returned to China in 2008, now Central Academy of Fine Arts Vice president, professor, doctoral supervisor, the most famous contemporary artist in China. Famous works created since the late 1980s《 Heavenly Book 》In the series, he personally designed and printed thousands of "new Chinese characters", deeply discussed the essence and thinking mode of Chinese culture with topics such as iconicity and symbolism, and became a classic in the history of Chinese contemporary art. After immigrating to the United States in the 1990s, they successively created New English Calligraphy《 Ghost strikes the wall 》《 Local script 》Etc. In addition, Xu Bing's creation has been more diversified since the beginning of this century, especially his increasing concern about the theme of art intervention in society, Tobacco Plan, Mulensen《 phoenix 》They are representative works of considerable depth. In view of his outstanding contributions in the field of contemporary art, in 1999, he was awarded the highest award in American cultural circles, the "MacArthur Talent Award".^[3-7]

Xiao Qiang

Awarded in 2001, now University of California Professor, School of Information, Berkeley.

Zhuang Xiaowei

Tao Zhexuan

Obtained in 2003 MacArthur Foundation genius award Zhuang Xiaowei , is the first Chinese American female scientist awarded by the Foundation in the history. 34 years old Harvard University Professor of Chemistry and Physics. Zhuang Xiaowei uses improved fluorescence spectroscopy to study individual molecules, thereby revealing complex biological processes. In 2003, she was using this method to study influenza and AIDS How virus invades host cell , which helps to develop methods to treat viral diseases.

Tao Zhexuan

2006 MacArthur Foundation Talent Award Chinese are gifted mathematicians Tao Zhexuan This is the second prize Tao Zhexuan won in a month. He held the 25th session on August 22 International Congress of Mathematicians He won the highest honor in mathematics Fields Medal (commonly known as mathematics Nobel Prize )。 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation praised that Tao Zhexuan's research involves many fields, such as: harmonic analysis , partial differential equation Combinatorial mathematics and number theory , and provided proof for the conjecture of many mathematical circles for a long time. His research also created new thinking for many fields, which has a significant impact on the future development of these fields.

Shen Wei

Shen Wei, a Chinese American choreographer in New York who won the "MacArthur Award Genius Award" in 2007, was born in Hunan, China. He studied Chinese painting at the age of 5, and Chinese traditional opera at the age of 9 in Hunan Arts School Hunan Hunan Theater Actor, later learning dance, became Guangdong Modern Dance Troupe Dancers and choreographers. Versatile and good at painting, he once impressed the world with traditional Chinese ink and wash and modern dance movements at the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

Biologist He Lin

He Lin

Biologist He Lin

He Lin is a Chinese American among the 24 winners in 2009. From 1997 Tsinghua University Graduated in 2003 Stanford University Obtained a doctor's degree, now University of California, Berkeley Assistant Professor of Molecular and Cytology. He Lin on Research MicroRNA The role of molecules in the formation and treatment of cancer.

Zhang Yitang

Awards in 2014^[8] 。 The main contribution is to《 Annals of Mathematics 》(Annals of Mathematics) submitted papers that proved that there were infinite pairs of prime numbers with differences less than 70 million Bounded gaps between prices. On May 21 of the same year, the paper was accepted by Mathematics Yearbook.

Yang Peidong

Awarded in 2015. Yang Peidong is a top international nanomaterialist, Academician of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 。 After graduating from Mudu Middle School in 1988, he was admitted to the Department of Applied Chemistry of the University of Science and Technology of China. From 1999 to now, he has successively served as assistant professor, associate professor and professor of the Department of Chemistry of the University of California, Berkeley. On April 18, 2012, he was elected an academician of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. On April 17, 2014, Yang Peidong's team made epoch-making scientific research achievements in artificial photosynthesis, which is expected to solve the problems caused by carbon dioxide Caused by global warming.^[9]

Cao Ying

Award in 2018. California Institute of Technology Cao Ying, a Chinese female scientist, was one of the 25 winners. Because she was revealing primate He won the prize for his important contribution to the brain's visual neural mechanism. In Cao Ying's early research, she used Functional magnetic resonance imaging The rhesus monkey visual processing system was studied by fMRI. The results showed that the brain cells of macaques had a clear "division of labor" when recognizing facial features. The latest research results published by Cao Ying and her team in 2017 further deciphered the facial recognition mechanism in the brain, that is, the brain only needs about 200 neurons to achieve facial recognition^[10] 。

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