Ciconiidae isCiconiformesSection 1 of.Storks are large water birds with long and strong beaks. They build large nests on tall trees or rocks, feed on fish, and also prey on other small animals.The storidae is distributed all over the worldthe temperate zoneandtropicThere are 12 genera and 19 species, includingAfricaandAsiaThe south has the most species, with 3 genera and 4-5 species in China, namelyCiconia OfBlack Stork、storkandThe Oriental White Stork，IbisOfPainted Stork (Color stork）AndLeptoptilos OfBald stork。The white stork isEuropeIt is a very famous bird and often builds a nest on the roof or chimney. According to legend, the white stork will send the baby home.The white stork in the east of China is different from that in the west of China and Europe. Its mouth is black rather than red, so it is called the Oriental White Stork.The bald stork is the largest and most carnivorous member of the stork family. There are three species, two species in Asia and one species in Africa. Among them, the African bald stork is a common bird in Africa. It often competes with the vulture for carrion, and sometimes prey on red storks and other birds.African bald storkIts wingspan is the largest among land birds.
Large wading birds.The mouth is thick, healthy and long, slightly flat on the side, thick at the base of the mouth, and gradually tapering at the apex.The nostrils are fissured, without nasal grooves, and the neck and feet are long, which is beneficial for storks to feed or prey on animals that are far away and try to escape in the water.Straighten the neck forward during flight to facilitate positioning.The lower part of the shin is bare without feathers. The tarsal part is covered with reticular scales and has four toes. The position of the back toe is not higher than that of the other toes. The base of the front three toes is connected by webs. The claws are short and thick, and the tail is short. There are 10 tail feathers: the wings are long and wide, and there are 11-12 primary flight feathers,Secondary flight featherIt is longer than the primary feather.The feather color of male and female is similar, but usually the male is slightly larger than the female.The body feathers are mostly black, white or pure, or mixed.The skin of the beak, feet and cheeks are mostly bright colors.Cicon has spear like feathers on its neck, which can stand up when courting.Molting occurs once a year during or after breeding.The reproductive feathers are usually only brighter than the non reproductive feathers, and the plumage of young birds is grayish yellow or grayish brown[1]。
It mainly inhabits rivers, lakes, ponds, marshes and other wetland environments, and sometimes also goes to the countryside, pastures, and savannahs for activities.When entering the breeding season, males usually arrive at the breeding site first, occupying about 1km in sizetwoIt is a territory of the same species. It is very rude and powerful to attack the invasion of male birds of the same species.The male finally chooses only one female as his mate. Stork birds have evolved a series of complex courtship display behaviors with interspecific differences, but the most common form of display is called "up do Wn", that is, when one of the spouses returns to the nest, there will be a regular rise and fall of the head accompanied by some sounds or beak clicks.The single nesting stork is a monogamous type, and the male and female will breed in the same nest every year, while the species that camp in groups will form new mates every year.Nesting or repairing the 1-day nest begins after the establishment of the spouse relationship, on trees, on the top of buildings, on cliffs andHigh voltage transmission lineThere are also male and female nesting on rocky islands. The male usually brings back the nest material and the female builds the nest.The nest is very large and thick. The nest material is mainly branches - mating usually occurs in the process of nesting: 3-5 eggs per nest.Incubation begins after the first or second egg is produced, and the incubation period is 25-28 days.The chicks are late mature and will not fly until they are fed for 50 days. It takes 3-5 years for the chicks to become sexually mature. The storks living in the wild can live to 33 years old. Most species can live to about 30 years old under the condition of one-man feeding.
Foraging in shallow water, banks, marshes and nearby grasslands.They mainly eat fish, mollusks, crustaceans, frogs, toads, lizards, snakes, rodents, small mammals and various insects.The solar eclipse is large.The daily intake of young black storks can reach 400-500g.[2]
Most species of storidae can glide by means of hot air flow, especially in migration, they mainly rely on glide for long-distance color walking.The feeding range of stork birds varies greatly, such asciconia ciconia Generally, it feeds within 3km away from the nest, while the forest stork that camp in the nest can fly up to 130km away from the nest to feed[1]。
Distribution range
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A small family of large birds widely distributed throughout the world.The mouth is long and powerful, the legs are long, the wings are wide, and the tail is short.They usually feed on fish or other small animals, and often wander quietly in the open wet areas to hunt for food.Some species feed on carrion[3]。
Species differentiation
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Mycteria
Including 4 kinds.wood stork Mycteria americana is distributed in America;White ibis storkMycteria cinerea is distributed in Southeast Asia;Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis is distributed in Africa;Painted Stork (Color Stork) Mycteria leucocephala is distributed from India to southwest China and Indochina, and may have disappeared in China.The white headed ibis stork has beautiful plumage and graceful posture, with a body length of 93-102cm, a weight of 2-3.5kg, and a maximum life span of more than 28 years.The orange yellow beak is thick and long, but the tip of the beak is slightly bent downward, which is obviously different from the white stork, black stork and other stork birds.The feet are red and very long, and the lower part of the shin is bare.The orange head is bare and featherless, and turns red during breeding.Body feathers are mainly black and white, of which flight feathers and tail feathers are black, with greenMetallic lusterThe chest has a wide black chest band, also has a green metallic luster, and other body feathers are white.Iris is light yellow or brown.There are about 5000 endangered animals in the world.In the 1930s, the white headed ibis stork was a common bird in China, but it has almost disappeared.Until the beginning of June 2008, 13 animals were found in Caohai National Nature Reserve in Guizhou.
Anastomus
It includes 2 types.African pincery storkAnastomus lamelligerus is distributed in Africa.Nipper billed storkAnastomus ossitans is distributed in India and Southeast Asia. It was recorded in Eryuan West Lake, Dali, Yunnan, China on October 3, 2006, the first record in China.It is very large, with a length of 81cm.The body feathers are white to gray, and the winter feathers are smoke gray.Flying feathers and tail feathers are black.The lower beak is concave, and there is an obvious gap when the beak is closed.Iris white to brown;The exposed skin on the face is grayish black;Light green horny color or red beak;Pink feet.Feeding on molluscs in swamps and coastal mudflats.
Ciconia
Including 7 kinds.White bellied StorkCiconia abdimii is distributed in Africa;White necked storkCiconia episcopus is distributed in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania;Yellow faced storkCiconia stormi is distributed in Southeast Asia;Black tailed StorkCiconia maguari is distributed in South America;The Oriental White StorkCiconia boyciana is distributed in Eurasia;storkAfrica and Eurasia;Black StorkCiconia nigra is distributed in Africa and Eurasia.In China, Oriental white stork, white stork and black stork are distributed. They breed in the north and winter in the south of the Yangtze River.The oriental white stork used to be a subspecies of the white stork, but it became an independent species. The difference between the two is that the oriental white stork is larger and has a black beak;The white stork is red.The number of storks in China is relatively rare, and they are all national first-class protected animals.
Jabiru
onlyNaked necked storkJabiru mycteri。It is distributed in America, from Mexico to Argentina.The body feathers are mostly white, and the exposed skin of the head and upper neck are black and red respectively.The beak is very thick and slightly upward curved.It is one of the largest flying birds in America.
Ephippiorhynchus
It includes 2 types.Black necked StorkEphippiorhynchus asiaticus is distributed in Asia and Australia;Saddle billed storkEphippiorhynchus senegalensis is distributed in Africa.
Leptoptotilos
There are three kinds.Bald storkLeptoptotilos javanicus is distributed in Eurasia;Great Bald StorkLeptoptotilos dubius is distributed in India and Southeast Asia;African bald storkLeptoptotilos crumniferus is only distributed in Africa.The bald stork is the largest stork, with a body height of 150 cm and a wing span of 2.6 meters.The body feathers are mostly gray and white, the exposed head and neck are light crimson, and the throat pouch is drooping light red, which can bulge, and the mouth is straight and thick.They eat carrion of animal carcasses with vultures, but they have the upper hand.
Jabiru mycteria: only one species, Jabiru mycteria.
