Salmoniformes(Salmoniforms) YesChordate、Vertebrate、Scleroichthyes1 item.There are 9 living suborders, 25 families, 146 genera, 510 species, and 82 pure freshwater species.There are about 91 species in 18 families of 7 suborders in China, half of which are deep-sea fish.This itemfishThe maxillary margin is generally composed of the premaxillary bone and the maxilla, with teeth;Generally, there are front and rear fat eyelids;Most haveLipofin, onDorsal finAfter orGluteal finfront;Illuminator Yes or No;The swim bladder, if present, mostly has a swim bladder tube;Generally rounded scale;usuallyPectoral finLow position, ventral position of pelvic fin.
Salmoniformes used to be very complex, including a variety of groups such as rare fish, smelt, giant mouth fish, starfish, flathead fish, etc.In Nelson's World Fish (1991), this item still includes rare fish, smelt, etc. This part was removed from the 1994 edition and became a separate order of smelt.At present, only 68 species of 11 genera of the Protosalmonidae are left in the order Salmoniformes, which are characterized by the upward bending of the last three vertebrae, well-developed teeth, teeth in both jaws, vomer, palate and tongue, anterior gill cap bone, and middle beak bone.There are only 2 genera and 5 species of anadromous salmon in China.Strictly speaking, these fishes are not really distributed in China's waters, but mainly in the Sea of Japan, usually in the cold waters north of 45 ° N.But they migrate to rivers in China[1]。
morphological character
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Salmoniformes
There are fat fins and teeth on both jaws;7~20 gill bones;With middle crowbeak bone.The branchial membrane extends forward, but does not connect with the cheek. There are 11-210 pyloric caecum and 50-75 vertebrae.Finally, the vertebra bends upward.There are about 210 species in 11 genera of 1 family and 3 subfamilies in the world.20 species, 8 genera, 1 family in China[2]。
MostlyCold water fish。It lives in fresh water and sea water.Some are upstreamMigrationSex fish.asSalmonidaeOfSalmonIt can make long-distance reproductive migration across rivers and travel 30 to 50 kilometers day and night.Young fish live in rivers for 1-4 years and then drop into the sea for 3-5 years.When mature, eggs will be born again.Migratory species are easy to change into land sealed type in the case of isolated environment and abundant food.It is generally carnivorous.
distribution
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They are marine and freshwater fishes, distributed in the waters of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, mainly in the high latitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere.High economic value.This order is second only to Herring and Codiformes in world fisheries.The major producers of salmon and trout are Japan, Russia, the United States and Canada[2]。
① Salmonella, distributed inNorthern HemisphereTo the north of the 12 degree isotherm line.Most of them are migratory economic fish.There are 15 species in China.
